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Biomedical subjects

J B Ryan

Publications and source records attributed to J B Ryan.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies on the origin.

The results of further epidemiological studies of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) support the previous findings that the onset of exposure of the cattle population to a scrapie-like agent, sufficient to result in clinical disease, occurred in 1981/82. The onset of this exposure was related to the cessation, in all but two rendering plants, of the hydrocarbon solvent extraction of fat from meat and bone meal. A further possible explanation, related to the geographical variation in the reprocessing of greaves to produce meat and bone meal, was identified for the geographical variation in the incidence of BSE.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Syndesmosis sprains of the ankle.

A retrospective review of the clinical records and radiographs of 1344 ankle sprains occurring over a 41-month period at the United States Military Academy was performed. The incidence and severity of these sprains did not differ significantly from other studies with the exception of those injuries involving the tibiofibular ligaments. Those patients sustaining incomplete injuries to the ankle syndesmosis had a recovery time of almost twice that of those patients with severe (3rd degree) ankle sprains (55 vs. 28 days). Eight of 13 patients with 10 of 15 incomplete syndesmosis injuries were available for follow-up examination and radiographs at an average time of 20 months postinjury (range of 7-39 months). All patients with this injury had a positive "squeeze test" (compression of the fibula to the tibia at mid-calf) at the time of initial examination. Nine of 10 patients developed ossification of the syndesmosis in follow-up radiographs. None of these patients had developed chronic ankle instability, loss of motion, or arthritic changes of the joint at the time of final followup.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Capital management balances charitable, financial goals.

Effective capital management allows not-for-profit healthcare organizations to make investment decisions that fulfill their missions and meet financial goals. The process involves identifying components of the hospital's value and creating policies aimed at maximizing it; determining the hospital's ability to produce financial capital; and developing a process for allocating this financial capability among the components of value. Once this is completed, hospitals should determine criteria that balance charitable and financial goals, enabling them to pursue sound investments.

Capital Expenditures↗
PubMed1989

Arthroscopic versus nonoperative treatment of acute shoulder dislocations in young athletes.

We evaluated the natural history of anterior shoulder dislocations in a young athletic population (cadets at the United States Military Academy) and compared conventional means of nonoperative treatment with early arthroscopic treatment (staple capsulorraphy or anterior glenoid abrasion). The rate of recurrent instability after a shoulder dislocation was 92% (35 of 38) in cadets treated nonoperatively. Strict adherence to a supervised nonoperative treatment program had no effect on the recurrence rate. All recurrences of instability occurred within 14 months of the initial injury. In comparison, arthroscopic treatment of acute shoulder dislocations has been successful thus far in 78% (7 of 9) of cadets followed for at least 14 months. With the high rate of recurrence of shoulder instability in young athletes, we believe that arthroscopic surgical intervention after the initial shoulder dislocation can dramatically lower the recurrence rate and should be considered as a treatment option in young athletes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Office management of the acute ankle sprain.

Ankle injuries occur frequently in an athletic population. Understanding the anatomy, biomechanics, pathomechanics, differential diagnosis, and special pediatric considerations allows an accurate diagnosis. Treatment with a nonoperative aggressive goal-oriented therapy program has been successful at the United States Military Academy.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1988

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies.

This study, initiated in June 1987, describes the epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a recently described novel neurological disease of domestic cattle first identified in Great Britain in November 1986. Records suggested that the earliest suspected cases occurred in April 1985. There was variability in the presenting signs and the disease course, but the majority of cases developed behavioural disorders, gait ataxia, paresis and loss of bodyweight; pruritus was not a predominant sign. The form of the epidemic was typical of an extended common source in which all affected animals were index cases. The use of therapeutic or agricultural chemicals on affected farms presented no common factors. Specific genetic analyses eliminated BSE from being exclusively determined by simple mendelian inheritance. Neither was there any evidence that it was introduced into Great Britain by imported cattle or semen. The study supports previous evidence of aetiological similarities between BSE and scrapie of sheep. The findings were consistent with exposure of cattle to a scrapie-like agent, via cattle feedstuffs containing ruminant-derived protein. It is suggested that exposure began in 1981/82 and that the majority of affected animals became infected in calfhood.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of target size on anomalous sensory responses in the Bagolini striated lens test.

Different results obtained by different methods of retinal correspondence testing are generally accepted to be a sign of the depth of the anomalous sensory adaptation. The Bagolini striated lens test is considered a standard "natural" test to which others are compared. In this study, the Bagolini striated lens test was performed on 25 strabismic subjects using three target sizes in order to determine if target size might be a factor in response variability. Kappa Measure of Agreement, used to analyze the results statistically, showed a moderately high to high level of agreement among the three targets. This indicates that practitioners can feel confident of consistent test results on the striated lens test using any of the three readily available target sizes selected. A brief literature review has been provided as a guide to the theories of strabismus and correspondence and to emphasize the purpose of this research.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Arthroscopic treatment of transchondral talar dome fractures.

Flake fractures of the talar dome involving the cartilaginous surface and subchondral bone have been called transchondral talar dome fractures, a term specific for both anatomical and traumatic etiology of this lesion, and more descriptive than the previously used "osteochondritis dissecans" of the talus. The diagnosis is made by standard ankle radiographs and the lesion should be suspected in all "sprained ankles" that have continued disability following standard treatment. Surgical treatment has been recommended for Stage 3 and Stage 4 (detached/displaced fragments). Surgical treatment for removal of symptomatic lesions has, in the past, involved an arthrotomy for exposure with removal of the fracture fragment and curetting and drilling of the donor bed. Posteromedial fractures are often hard to reach through a standard approach and exposure may require an osteotomy of the medial malleolus. The use of the arthroscope in both confirmation of diagnosis and surgical treatment has proved to be beneficial in the treatment of these symptomatic fractures. The technique allows direct visualization of the pathology with adequate debridement with minimal iatrogenic trauma and early mobilization and return to preinjury status. The series includes 10 ankles in nine patients with eight posteromedial lesions, six Stage 3 and two Stage 4, and two anterolateral lesions, both Stage 4. All patients were treated arthroscopically for removal of the loose fragment and curettage of the osteochondral bed. Subjective and objective follow-up at a minimum of 6 months revealed good results in nine of the ten patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Needs analysis for teachers of the visually impaired.

The needs of educators dealing with low vision children were assessed by use of a mailed questionnaire. Teachers of the visually impaired (VH) of the Los Angeles City, Los Angeles County, and Long Beach City districts comprised the sample population. Analysis of the results revealed unmet needs in the following areas: teachers' knowledge in use of low vision aids, lack of low vision assessment by vision care specialists for their students, difficulty with adequacy of eye reports, and lack of communication with their students' eye care specialists. Recommendations are made for improvement of these problem areas.

Blindness↗
PubMed1986

Men and women optometrists: a profile of practice characteristics five and ten years after graduation.

This study profiles practice characteristics and work behaviors of men and women optometrists. A survey of all members of the 1973 and 1978 classes elicited a 44.8% response. The majority reported being in solo practice. They reported working approximately 40 hours per week. Average yearly net incomes for women, as compared to their male counterparts, were $1,475 higher for five-year optometrists and $2,175 lower for ten-year optometrists. There were no differences in time spent in various practice activities. All optometrists appeared to be significantly involved in other professional and community services.

Fees and Charges↗
PubMed1982

Clinical aspects of cyclophoria: definition, diagnosis, therapy.

Cyclodeviations are rotations of the eye about an anterioposterior axis. Cyclorotations are either manifest deviations (cyclotropia) or latent (cyclophoria). Perhaps 5% of patients have symptoms related to uncompensated cyclophoria. Diagnostic techniques include fixation disparity evaluation combined with binocular refraction at distance and near. Biofeedback with afterimages, cyclovergence training, surgery, and multiple eyewear are some possible treatment methods.

Afterimage↗