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Biomedical subjects

J B Epstein

Publications and source records attributed to J B Epstein.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Proteinuria in the exercising dog.

Exercise proteinuria is a transient condition often observed following heavy exercise in man. A general belief is that exercise proteinuria in man is partially due to the decline in renal blood flow (RBF) associated with exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if exercise proteinuria occurs in the dog, an animal whose RBF is constant during exercise. Chronic bladder cannulas were surgically implanted in four female mongrel dogs. Urine from both kidneys was collected prior to, during, and after heavy treadmill exercise (30 minutes duration, 5mph, and 15% grade). Urine protein concentration was determined by the biuret method. When compared to resting control urine, protein concentration during exercise increased by 47 percent (P less than .01). Urine flow rate at rest, .17 +/- .02 ml/min, decreased to .09 +/- .01 ml/min (P less than .01) during exercise, resulting in a small but not statistically significant decline in protein excretion. In twenty-six tests, when comparisons were made between resting and post-exercise periods, urine flow rate was identical, urine protein concentration was significantly highently elevated (P less than .01). These data indicate that exercise proteinuria may occur in the absence of changes in RBF.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone and gallium scans in postradiotherapy osteonecrosis of the jaw.

The role of radiographic and nuclear imaging in evaluation of postradiotherapy osteonecrosis of the jaw was studied. Patients who had received imaging at diagnosis and following hyperbaric oxygen therapy were studied. Radiographic changes did not correlate with the clinical status of patients. All bone scans were abnormal at the time of diagnosis of osteonecrosis, but remained abnormal following changes in the clinical status of patients. Thus, the bone scan may aid in the detection of osteonecrosis. Gallium uptake did not aid i diagnosis, but did correlate with clinical findings following treatment. Persisting positive gallium scans may indicate the need for surgery following hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Topical bleomycin treatment of oral leukoplakia: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Oral leukoplakia and oral erythroplakia may be associated with benign and dysplastic cellular changes, and are at risk of malignant transformation. Additional means of management of these lesions is needed. The results of nonblinded trials using topical bleomycin in oral leukoplakia indicated the need for phase III study. METHODS: A prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of topical bleomycin versus placebo was conducted. Bleomycin 1% in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) or the carrier was applied for 5 minutes for 14 consecutive days. Clinical assessment and pre-application and post-treatment biopsies were conducted. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients were randomized. Of the patients who received bleomycin, decrease in clinical size of the lesion was achieved (p = 0.001), and histological reduction in dysplasia was seen (p = 0.094). CONCLUSIONS: The topical application of bleomycin in DMSO may represent an additional approach to management of oral leukoplakia. The treatment is well-tolerated, and may be considered when the location or extent of the lesion may make surgical excision difficult.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oropharyngeal candidiasis: a review of its clinical spectrum and current therapies.

With the increased use of antibiotics and immunosuppressive agents, oropharyngeal candidiasis is becoming more common. This infection is also associated with such advances in medical management as chemotherapy and organ transplantation and with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Various topical and systemic agents are available to treat patients with candidiasis, but optimal management can be elusive. Treatment of uncomplicated oropharyngeal candidiasis in the immunocompetent patient involves selecting a particular formulation of a topical medication based on oral conditions, length of contact time, and taste, texture, and cost of the medication. Treatment of severe oropharyngeal candidiasis, particularly in patients with a compromised immune system, is often more difficult, and relapses are common. Reports of resistance to systemic agents, particularly in patients needing recurrent therapy, are increasing. Amphotericin B, long used as an intravenous agent, is now available as an oral suspension that may offer therapeutic benefits comparable to those of systemic therapy without the toxicity associated with systemic absorption.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral candidiasis: pathogenesis and host defense.

Oral candidiasis is a common problem, frequently presenting as a chronic recurring infection. Oral infection is a potential reservoir of organisms for severe, spreading, local disease and systemic disease in the compromised host. Nonspecific local oral factors in host defense include the epithelial barrier, flow or saliva, microbial interactions, antimicrobial constituents of saliva, lysozyme, lactoferrin, the lactoperoxidase system, levels of iron, and salivary glycoproteins. Immunoglobins are present in saliva, but their role is poorly understood. The activity of antibody against Candida on oral mucosal surfaces may not be mediated by complement and phagocyte activity. Specific antibodies against Candida may function by aggregating the organisms and preventing mucosal adherence of the fungi.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinical comparative trial of saliva substitutes in radiation-induced salivary gland hypofunction.

Use of saliva substitutes may become necessary to manage xerostomia when no means of stimulating saliva production is effective. Few clinical trials have compared products that may act as salivary substitutes. Patients' preference of products depended on effect duration, lubrication, taste, delivery system, and cost. Many patients did not continue with the use of the products studied, and instead chose to rely on frequent use of water. Clinical trials of the products are recommended before prescription to indicate what may be the best choice for the individual patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The lack of efficacy of a foam brush in maintaining gingival health: a controlled study.

Foam brushes have been used in the oral care of hospitalized patients for many years. However, no controlled study of their efficacy has been conducted. A randomized crossover study, comparing the effectiveness of a foam brush with that of a toothbrush, was carried out. The gingival condition and presence of plaque in the mouths of 29 volunteers were followed. It was shown that a toothbrush was more effective in controlling plaque levels and gingivitis.

Dental Plaque↗