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Biomedical subjects

J Adams

Publications and source records attributed to J Adams.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Development of pediatric secondary psychosocial care in a health maintenance organization.

A pediatric secondary psychosocial service was developed to provide easy access to brief, focused, problem-oriented psychosocial care for children and their parents on referral from their primary care providers. The intent was to support parents' efforts at resolving their families' difficulties. Support was provided for patients with needs beyond the realm of primary care, so as to avoid deterioration in functioning and the need for tertiary care. During the first 6 months 243 children were seen for a wide range of behavioral, emotional, and social relationship difficulties. Evaluation revealed strong support by referring providers, parents, and psychosocial staff. Subsequent developments and plans are discussed.

California↗
PubMed1982

Estimation of phylogenetic relationships from DNA restriction patterns and selection of endonuclease cleavage sites.

The distribution of cleavage sites and their related sequences have been analyzed for 54 restriction endonucleases in the genome of human mitochondrial DNA; in three papova viruses, BK, simian virus 40, and polyoma; and in three bacteriophages, phi X174, fd, and G4. The results show that the cleavage sites and related sequences for most of the restriction enzymes tested are distributed nonrandomly. These results (i) constitute prima facie evidence for the action of natural selection, either direct or indirect on the restriction sites, and (ii) suggest that estimates of phylogenetic relationship, based on a phenetic approach using restriction enzyme data, will be biased.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1982

Total body fat content in a group of professional football players.

A hydrostatic weighing method coupled with a closed-circuit helium dilution technique was applied to twenty-nine professional football players of a successful Canadian Football team to obtain body density values. From these results, it was hoped that values for percent body fat could be calculated for each player using Siri's (1956) formula. Unfortunately, the values for body density were so high that for some players negative values for percent body fat were obtained. It has been suggested that these results reflect large skeletal deposits in response to the heavy exercise routines undertaken by the players. Skinfold measurements of the players suggest that there are more fat deposits than their body density values indicate. This casts serious doubt on the use of Siri's (1956) formula with the extremes of body form found in the population and also suggests restricted use of equations based on skinfold measurements for estimating body fat percent.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

Transcobalamin-binding capacities in vitamin B12-related diseases.

Abnormalities in some transcobalamin unsaturated binding capacities (TC-UBBC) were found in some patients with treated pernicious anemia who had elevated TC II-UBBC, R-UBBC, and total UBBC, in gastrectomized patients with latent vitamin B12 deficiency who had elevated R-UBBC and UBBC, and in patients with obstructive jaundice who had elevated TC II-UBBC and UBBC. No abnormalities were found in patients who had untreated pernicious anemia, folate deficiency, unclassifiable megaloblastic anemia, tobacco amblyopia, or low serum B12 level but normal capacity to absorb vitamin B12.

Anemia, Pernicious↗
PubMed1981

The maintenance of Plasmid-containing organisms in populations of Escherichia coli.

Populations of Escherichia coli containing a small non-conjugative plasmid were grown in carbon-limited continuous culture. For all plasmids tested the presence of the plasmid lowered the growth rate of the host bacterium, and the proportion of plasmid-containing organisms in the total population declined initially. However, periodically, adaptive changes occurred in plasmid-containing organisms which increased their growth rate. This resulted in oscillations in the proportion of plasmid-containing organisms, and the delayed loss of the plasmid from the population.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1981

A proliferative defect of human bone marrow after transplantation.

A technique which permits proliferation of CFU-C or their precursors is described. Bone marrow cells from 10 normal donors showed an increase over a 2 week culture period of total nucleated cell counts, and of granulocyte colony and cluster forming cells. During culture an adherent layer of fibroblasts and monocyte-macrophage cells formed. Bone marrow from eight patients taken between 2 weeks and 2 years after marrow transplantation did not show CFU-C proliferation or increase in total cell counts in culture. This difference did not appear to be due to changes in the adherent cell layer formation, and suggests that grafted human bone marrow shows a proliferative defect similar to that described in mouse transplantation models.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Estrogenic effects of physiological concentrations of 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol and its metabolism in MCF7 human breast cancer cells.

5-Androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (ADIOL) has previously been shown to have a high affinity for the estrogen receptor and to translocate it to the nucleus in vitro and in vivo. This compound and related C19 delta 5-steroids of adrenal origin have now been examined for their ability to induce the synthesis in MCF7 cells of an estrogen-dependent secreted glycoprotein (M.W. 46,000). Concentrations required for half-maximum induction were 2 nM for ADIOL and 500 nM for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate showed weak inducing ability at concentrations of 1 microM or greater. The induction by ADIOL was unaffected by the presence of an aromatase inhibitor, and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, which cannot be aromatized, also induced the M.W. 46,000 protein at low concentrations. When cells were exposed to 10 nM [3H]ADIOL, the cytosol and nuclear fractions contained [3H]ADIOL resistant to charcoal adsorption. The bound [3H]ADIOL in the cytosol and nucleus was displaceable by 17 beta-estradiol and tamoxifen, suggesting that it was binding to the estrogen receptor. [3H]ADIOL was metabolized to its 3 beta-sulfate, which was excreted into the medium, and to [3H]DHEA, which was found in the cells and the medium as free DHEA and its 3 beta-sulfate. [3H]DHEA was also metabolized by the cells to its 3 beta-sulfate, to free ADIOL, and to the 3 beta-sulfate of adiol. We conclude that: (a) ADIOL is effective as an estrogen in MCF7 cells at a concentration of 2 nM, which is within the range found in the blood of normal women; and (b) sulfurylation is a major route of inactivation of 3 beta-hydroxy delta 5-steroids in MCF7 cells.

Androstenediol↗
PubMed1981

Neurolysis.

A proposal for classification of neurolysis and standardization of descriptive terms of neurolysis is made based on the anatomy of the peripheral nerves, particularly the connective tissue layers, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium. The techniques of neurolysis are explained. Our animal studies demonstrate that following saline neurolysis, epineurectomy, or interfascicular neurolysis, fibrosis usually occurs in the epineurial layer, regardless of the method of neurolysis used. These findings indicate that neurolysis should be considered only if the scarring in or about the nerve is worse than would be produced by the neurolysis procedure itself. The results of neurolysis for those lesions that have remained in continuity and have failed to recover after an appropriate interval of observation seem to indicate that the procedure is worthwhile in this situation. After review of the literature, we conclude that there is no clinical or experimental series that would give clear guidelines for neurolysis following a repair of loss of continuity of the nerve trunk. With new techniques of nerve stimulation and intraoperative recording, perhaps interfascicular neurolysis will become a more valuable surgical procedure.

Animals↗