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Biomedical subjects

J Abraham

Publications and source records attributed to J Abraham.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Comparative pathology of silicate pneumoconiosis.

A simple pneumoconiosis with lamellar birefringent crystals was observed in animals dying in the San Diego Zoo. We studied 100 autopsies from 11 mammalian and eight avian species. In mammals, mild pulmonary lesions comprised crystal-laden macrophages in alveoli and lymphatics. Interstitial fibrosis was present in 20% of cases. There were no nodules. In birds, dust retention produced large granulomas around tertiary bronchi without fibrosis. Mineralogic analysis using scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed most of the crystals to be silicates. Ninety percent were complex silicates, with aluminum-potassium silicates comprising 70% of the analyzed particles. Electron and x-ray diffraction showed the silicates to be muscovite mica and its hydrothermal degradation product, ie, illite clay. This mica was also present on filtration membranes of atmospheric air samples obtained from the San Diego Zoo. The amount of dust retention was related to the animal's age, anatomic or ecologic variances, and length of stay in the San Diego Zoo. Its semidesert atmosphere is rich in silicates, which are inhaled and deposited in the lungs. Similar mica-induced lesions are found in humans living in this region or the Southwest of the USA. This simple pneumoconiosis is likely to be widespread in human populations living in desert or semidesert climates.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Myofibroblasts and free silicon around breast implants.

Fibrous tissue capsules, from around silicone breast implants, were examined by light microscopy, and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the latter combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Contractile fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) were found in most of these fibrous capsules, and especially in those recently formed or manipulated. The element silicon was positively identified by X-ray analysis in half the tissue specimens. This material was found only around gel-filled implants. In the specimens studied, the clinical hardness of the breast was unrelated to the presence of silicon in the capsule.

Breast↗
PubMed1978

A description of an intensive treatment project for the rehabilitation of severely brain-injured soldiers.

Thirteen severely brain-injured veterans are currently participating in an intensive rehabilitation project. This is a one-year vocational rehabilitation project conducted 30 hours weekly in a therapeutic workshop environment, in which all aspects of the patient's rehabilitation needs are dealt with. The three major goals of this project are: (a) Changing and modifying the behavior of the individual through the use of psychotherapy, cognitive training, training in the use of prosthetic devices and vocational training; (b) creating a supportive environment within the project in which staff and patients live together for a few hours daily and where patients are treated in groups; (c) generalizing the therapeutic effects to the community at large. This includes work with the social environment of the patient: family, friends, employer and rehabilitation workers of the Ministry of Defense. Preliminary results indicate that considerable therapeutic gains could be achieved while the patient is in a sheltered therapeutic milieu. However, there is less success in generalizing these effects to the behavior of the patient outside the sheltered environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Nutritional value of fish flours made in laboratory from fishes of the Nosy-Bé area].

Several types of fish meals (principally from no commercializable Carangues) are made in a laboratory. They are tested for general composition, amino-acid composition, vitamin and mineral compositions. Two fish meals from Carangues are very interesting: they are white muscle meal (rich in proteins of good quality, poor in lipids and slightly rich in minerals) and the meal from fish without head and guts (not so rich in proteins but slightly richer in minerals). These fish meals have a variable interest regarding mineral and vitamin contents. All of them have a lack of methionin and cystin which is comparable to the defficiency mentioned in other fish meals by various authors.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

[Vaginal reflux during miction-cystourethrography in girls (author's transl)].

The cases of 57 girls with reflux of radioopaque iodin solution into the vagina during mictioncystourethrography are reported. In 52.6% (30 cases) no signs of anomalies of the urinary tract or of pyelonephritis were found. For this group of 30 girls pyuria (leucocyturia) was typical (in 86.6%). In contrast, a urinarty-tract infection was found only in a few cases (16.6%). The authors discuss the clinical importance of vaginal reflux and its role in the pathogenesis of urinary-tract infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The influence of changes in arterial CO2 and blood pressure on the collateral circulation and the regional perfusion pressure in monkeys with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.

In 7 baboons and 5 macaques the effects of hypercapnia, hypocapnia, hypertension, and combinations of hypertension plus hypocapnia and of hypertension plus hypercapnia on the regional perfusion pressure (rPP) in the brain area rendered ischaemic by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were studied. A new technique for recording the pressure in the occluded MCA was used. The regional tissure pressure (rTP) was recorded with the so called wick type pressure transducers. Hypercapnia produced a marked decrease in rPP in the ischaemic brain area. Hypertension, especially in combination with hypocapnia, produced a very pronounced increase in rPP in the ischaemic brain area. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. Occlusion of the homolateral common carotid artery (CCA) was followed by a very slight and transient drop in the occluded MCA pressure. Occlusion of the occluded MCA pressure.

Animals↗