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Biomedical subjects

I Zahavi

Publications and source records attributed to I Zahavi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effect of verapamil on uremic myocardial disease in the rat.

It has been shown that calcium content of myocardium is increased in uremia and calcium overload has been implicated in the genesis of uremic myocardial disease. To determine whether verapamil (V) may prevent the development of myocardial lesions in uremic rats, the left ventricular myocardium has been examined with an electron microscope (EM) in 4 groups of Wistar male rats: 1) subtotally nephrectomized (SNX, n = 10); 2) SNX treated by V, 1.5 mg/kgx2/day (SNX-V, n = 8); 3) sham-operated (Sh, n = 5); 4) Sh treated by V (Sh-V, n = 5). EM examinations were performed after 13 weeks of uremia and V treatment. Serum urea and creatinine were similar in SNX and SNX-V rats and were higher in SNX and SNX-V than in Sh and Sh-V rats. The mitochondria of the myocardium in SNX rats showed damage of varying degree, starting from disrupted cristae to very dense mitochondrial structure with barely visible cristae. Myofibrils appeared disorganised with marked clear intermyofibrillar spaces. The myocardial ultrastructure of Sh, Sh-V and SNX-V rats was normal. It may be concluded that V seems to prevent the development of myocardial damage in the uremic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Magnesium therapy for torsades de pointes.

This is the first report of the successful use of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in 3 consecutive patients with torsades de pointes (TdP). In 1 patient, TdP was induced by a combination of quinidine and amiodarone, in the second by procainamide, and in the third by an overdose of imipramine. The QT intervals before TdP were 0.70, 0.64 and 0.56 second, respectively. A bolus of 1.0 to 2.0 g MgSO4 25% abolished the TdP in all 3 patients; but in the third patient, because of recurrent TdP, a second bolus of 1.0 g and a continuous 24-hour infusion of 1.0 mg/min were administered, preventing TdP. There was no immediate shortening in the QT interval in any patient after MgSO4. Magnesium can be given safely even in patients with acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or systemic hypertension, conditions in which isoproterenol is contraindicated; it can be applied faster than temporary cardiac pacing; and its use for TdP appears worthy of additional trials.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Random fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin excretion in children with intestinal disorders.

Demonstration of excessive enteric protein loss traditionally required the use of labeled macromolecules and prolonged stool collection uncontaminated by urine. alpha 1-Antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) clearance has recently been used for the demonstration of enteric protein loss, but controversy still exists about the value of determining alpha 1-AT concentration in random stool samples. We have measured alpha 1-AT excretion in random stool samples from children with various gastrointestinal (GI) tract disorders using an immune nephelometric method. Statistically significant elevations in alpha 1-AT concentrations were found in stools from patients with active celiac disease and confirmed PLE, while normal values were demonstrated in patients with irritable bowel and inactive celiac disease. We conclude that determination of alpha 1-AT concentration in random fecal samples is an easy, reproducible screening method for the demonstration of excessive enteric protein loss in various GI tract disorders.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1984

In vitro colony-forming cells in embryonic mouse liver, spleen and peripheral blood.

The number of in vitro colony-forming cells (CFC) was examined in embryonic livers, spleens, and peripheral blood of C57B1/6J mice from the 12th to the 19th day of gestation. Peaks of CFC in the liver and spleen were noted on days 13, and 15, respectively, whereas the number of CFC in the peripheral blood remained almost constant. The possibility that CFC in the embryonic mouse are produced both in the yolk sac and in other hemopoietic sites is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Role of gastrin and cholecystokinin in the ontogenic development of the gastrointestinal tract.

The role of gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) in postnatal development of the small intestine was examined in infant rabbits. Experimental animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of pentagastrin, 500 micrograms/kg, or CCK-octapeptide, 40 micrograms/kg, starting on day 3 of life. The animals were sacrificed at age 17-18 days. Weight and histologic sections of pancreas, stomach, duodenum, proximal jejunum, and ileum were obtained and mucosal lactase and sucrase activities determined in the intestinal segments. No differences were seen in any of the parameters assessed in pentagastrin-treated animals compared to saline-injected littermate controls. Body weight, weight and morphology of pancreas, stomach and intestinal segments, and enzyme activities did not differ significantly. Na+ transport in proximal jejunum under short-circuited conditions was not altered by pentagastrin. CCK-octapeptide also had no effect on weight or morphology of pancreas, stomach, and duodenum, but did lead to a significant increase in weight of proximal jejunum and ileum. Mucosal enzyme activities and morphometric measurements of villus height and mucosal thickness, however, did not differ significantly between CCK-octapeptide-treated animals and saline-injected littermate controls. The increase in weight of jejunal and ileal segments was reflected by an increase in thickness of the muscle layer. The findings indicate that neither gastrin nor CCK plays a role in the ontogenic development of the small intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with migraine.

We assessed the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) in 111 migrainous patients and 111 controls matched for age and sex. While 29 (26%) of the 111 migrainous patients suffered from RP, its prevalence among the controls was seven (6%) of 111. Raynaud's phenomenon was diagnosed among 13 (33%) of 39 patients with classic migraine and 16 (22%) of 72 patients with common migraine. Drug treatment did not account for the different prevalence in the two groups. We conclude that RP occurs more frequently in patients suffering from migraine than in the non-migrainous population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Myocarditis and acute infantile hemiparesis. Case report.

A 13-month-old infant developed acute hemiparesis in the course of myocarditis. Cranial CT suggested occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery, and it is believed that an embolus arising from a mural thrombus is the most likely cause of the cerebral vascular accident. Anticoagulant therapy should be considered in myocarditis when myocardial ischemic damage or an intracavitary thrombus are suspected.

Cerebral Infarction↗
PubMed1983

Two types of intracytoplasmic inclusions in the cells of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

A patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with cells containing two types of cytoplasmic inclusions is described. The inclusions appeared as globular bodies containing electron dense material with homogeneous structure and as crystalloid formations confined in organelles with structure similar to that of the surrounding mitochondria. In distinction to other reports, these structures were not related to the endoplasmic reticulum. The possibility that some of them represented altered mitochondria is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

A simple and safe method of anesthetizing infant rabbits for abdominal surgery.

There is a great lack of information about general anesthesia in small infant animals. We developed a safe method using Halothane to maintain anesthesia in 20 infant rabbits weighing 100-150 g. Halothane was administered through a modified T piece using a small finger cot in order to minimize the dead space of the system. Halothane concentrations of 0.5 to 1.5% were safe and efficient to perform a laparotomy and to keep the rabbits alive after surgery.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

Cholestasis and total parenteral nutrition: in vivo studies on dogs.

The effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on bile formation was evaluated in 10 studies performed on three adult dogs. The bile duct was directly cannulated via a Thomas cannula while bile salt secretion was maintained by intravenous [14C]taurocholic acid infusion. After a 1.5-h basal period, either an amino acid solution (2.5% Travasol) with 10% glucose, or a lipid emulsion (10% Intralipid) was added intravenously for 2 h, followed by a second control period. The amino acid-glucose solution resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in bile flow which rose (+33%) while bile salt secretion increased transiently (+11%) and then returned to basal levels. The specific activity of taurocholate secreted did not decrease during the amino acid-glucose infusion, indicating that the unexpected increase in bile salt secretion was mainly due to a washout of the biliary tree rather than to enhanced synthesis. Cholesterol, phospholipid, and bilirubin outputs did not change significantly. Intralipid had no effect on bile flow or solute secretion. Thus, short-term TPN therapy with amino acids and glucose had no cholestatic effect in dogs, but rather produces a transient choleresis which is largely independent of bile salts.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Effect of diclofenac-sodium (Voltaren) on the electrical charge of human platelet membrane.

Platelets incubated with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, i.e. aspirin (ASA) and diclofenac-sodium (Voltaren) show a decreased capability to aggregate. While ASA induces the complete loss of platelet pseudopodia, Voltaren causes the appearance of long, needle-shaped pseudopodia, a finding which may suggest a rather increased tendency to aggregate. Platelets labeled with ferritin hydrazide and examined with a transmission electron microscope and by X-ray analysis show a greater deposition of ferritin hydrazide after incubation with Voltaren in comparison to those incubated with ASA and to the controls. This finding suggests an increased negative charge of the stretched platelet membrane after incubation with Voltaren with a subsequent increase in the repulsive forces between platelets.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1983

Auto-rosette formation in the peripheral blood of a patient with infectious mononucleosis.

Auto-rosette formation by peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed in a patient with infectious mononucleosis (IM), with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The red blood cells adhered to lymphocytes with numerous microvilli on their surface. This phenomenon was observed only during the acute stage of the disease and not in the recovery period. Auto-rosette formation was detected neither in 7 other patients with IM, nor in control subjects.

Child↗
PubMed1982

The morphological changes in acute renal failure due to rhamdomyolysis following viral infection.

A case of myoglobinuric renal failure associated with viral rhabdomyolysis is described. Clinical signs of muscle involvement were lacking, but peculiar biochemical abnormalities suggested the diagnosis which was established by renal biopsy. The management required brief supportive hemodialysis, and the patient recovered. The diagnosis of myoglobinuria should be considered when acute renal failure develop subsequently to the onset of viral infection.

Acute Kidney Injury↗