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Biomedical subjects

I Watt

Publications and source records attributed to I Watt.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Radionuclide uptake during the evolution of experimental acute osteomyelitis.

The findings of technetium 99m MDP and gallium 67 citrate scintigraphy are described in the first four days following experimental acute osteomyelitis of the tibia of rabbits. On the day of inoculation, defects in activity are observed in both the perfusion, and bone phases of technetium scintigraphy. Similar defects are achieved by saline injection. On subsequent days technetium scintigraphy reveals an increased activity in the perfusion stage but a persisting defect of activity in the bone phase. Gallium activity is increased throughout the period of the study in inoculated animals but not in those injected with saline. It is concluded that 99Tcm MDP, in its perfusion phase, and 67Ga citrate are highly sensitive indicators of bone inflammation and that early osteomyelitis is characterized by increased activity with these agents together with a technetium bone scan defect.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Effects of acute administration of ethane hydroxydiphosphonate (EHDP) on skeletal scintigraphy with technetium-99m methylene diphosphonic acid (Tc-MDP) in the rat.

A study has been performed in the rat to assess the effect of EHDP on the distribution of 99Tcm-labelled MDP used for skeletal imaging. Profound alterations in bone, kidney and blood levels were observed. These observations cast doubt on the value of bone scans for monitoring the therapeutic effect of diphosphonates.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Diaphyseal osteosarcoma.

Fifteen cases of diaphyseal osteosarcomas were found in a review of 157 cases of long bone osteosarcoma (9.5%) and two further examples were added. The clinical and histological features of the diaphyseal osteosarcomas were indistinguishable from those of the commoner juxta metaphyseal osteosarcomas. The radiological features, however, fell into four distinct patterns: Group I had the classical appearance of a conventional osteosarcoma; Group II showed dense cortical sclerosis with bony expansion but no soft tissue swelling or break of the cortex at presentation; Group III presented with a pathological fracture through a purely osteolytic lesion; Group IV usually had the classical appearances of an osteosarcoma in the diaphysis but had, in addition, dense separate sclerotic lesions which were proximal to the tumour in the humerus and distal to it in the femur. The importance of these four groups lies in the quite distinct differential diagnosis which each presents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Enchondromata with annular calcification in association with fibrous dysplasia.

Annular or ring calcification is described in conjunction with fibrous dysplasia in four of 110 patients culled from the Bristol Bone Tumour Registry. This feature results from endochondral calcification and ossification within cartilage rests or chondromata developing pari passu with fibrous dysplasia. Statistically the condition is more likely to be present in the polyostotic form of fibrous dysplasia (17%) than in the monostotic form (circa 1%). All patients were male and the diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia was established between the time of birth and the age of 16. Ring calcification was first detected between the ages of three and 16 years and persisted into adult life. Calcification almost exclusively involved the lower limbs particularly around the knee and above the ankle. In the three polyostotic cases rapid and gross extentsion of the cartilaginous component of the disease occurred at the time of the adolescent growth spurt. When present in a patient with fibrous dysplasia the appearance are typical and signify and associated benign enchondromatous process. No suspicion of chondrosarcoma should arise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Congenital coronary artery fistulae: six new cases with a collective review.

Primary congenital coronary artery fistula is diagnosed in two of every thousand patients investigated by angiocardiography. Males and females are equally affected and most frequently present under the age of 10 years. Fistulae originate from right and left coronary arteries in almost equal proportion but over 90% drain to the right side of the heart. Over half the patients present without symptoms but with a continuous murmur; as age increases so does the incidence of complications. Cardiac failure is the commonest complication. Three-quarters of patients presenting over the age of 40 have symptoms of cardiac failure. The clinical picture closely resembles that of patient ductus arteriosus but in a proportion of cases the physical signs and chest radiograph may suggest the diagnosis. A hitherto undescribed association of cardiac failure and a fistula from the left coronary artery to the left ventricle is reported. High-quality angiocardiography, preferably with selective coronary arteriography, is essential. Surgical correction carries a low mortality (2.2%) and is curative. The incidence of complications increases with age and prophylactic surgery is advocated before symptoms develop.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Avascular necrosis of the capitate and dorsal dorsi-flexion instability.

A vascular necrosis of the proximal part of the capitate is very rare and usually is secondary to a fracture of the waist in association with a scaphoid fracture---the naviculocapitate syndrome. A case is presented in which partial avascular necrosis of the capitate occurred in association with bilateral dorsal dorsi-flexion instability. The authors suggest that this phenomenon represents a form of the naviculocapitate syndrome in which ligamentous laxity altered the line of failure, thus sparing the scaphoid from fracture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Pitfalls in double contrast knee arthrography.

Two hundred and forty-two patients investigated by double-contrast knee arthrography between 1973 and 1977 have reviewed. Of these 134 have come to arthrotomy and an initial arthrographic accuracy of 85% is reported. An attempt to explain the disparities between arthrography and arthrotomy has revealed that in half the cases (ten patients) there were simple reporting errors on the arthrograms. These are shown all to be false negative reports. The other group of ten patients comprised presumed errors in arthrotomy interpretation in four and arthrographic interpretation or technical failure in six. The causes and implications of those errors are analysed and discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Sclerotic medullary spread in diaphyseal osteosarcoma.

Dense medullary sclerosis is reported in the shafts of long bones accompanying diaphyseal osteosarcoma. Histological evidence suggests that this indicates more extensive medullary spread of tumour than is readily apparent on standard radiographic examination. It would appear that these sclerotic lesions show active radio-isotopes retention following skeletal scintigraphy. The clinical and radiological features and prognostic implications of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The importance of femoral rotation in chondromalacia patellae as shown by serial radiography.

A new radiological technique is presented in which serial axial radiographs of the patellofemoral joints are taken under conditions in which the muscles about the knee and hip are contracted in a manner similar to that during weight-bearing. A form of analysis has been developed whereby patellar rotation can be measured in two planes and femoral rotation about its long axis inferred. A population of asymptomatic adults and children was investigated in this way and their results (regarded as normal) compared with those in fifteen children with idiopathic chondromalacia patellae. In the normal child the femur rotates medially with the onset of muscle activity; by contrast the children with chondromalacia show a reversal of this mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The abdominal aorta in spina bifida cystica.

The features of abdominal aortography in a small group of severely affected children with spina bifida cystica and kyphosis are presented. The examination was done to spinal fusion as earlier surgical reports had indicated a close relationship between the aorta and the vertebral bodies forming the apex of the kyphosis. The abdominal aorta was shown to bridge the apex of the kyphosis, thus it was outside the field of surgery and was not a potential hazard. Three vascular abnormalities emerged. First, the position of the aortic bifurcation, as judged by the vertebral level, was shown to be rather lower than usual, although lumbar kyphosis masked a relative aortic shortening. Second, the aorta was abnormally small in calibre with hypoplastic limb vessels. Third, abnormal segmentation of lumbar arteries was found in four of the eight in whom they were visualised, and correlates with the presence of vertebral body maldevelopment as opposed to neural arch maldevelopment. The possible pathogenic significance is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Sonographic demonstration of intrauterine contraceptive devices.

Ultrasonic examination of the uterus is the investigation of choice in the initial localization of an IUCD within the uterine cavity. The use of compound B scanning in conjunction with A scans has been completely reliable to date. Radiography should be reserved for those patients in whom an expected device is not shown within the uterine cavity, and for those in whom the determination of the type of device is important and the scan is equivocal.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Pyonephrosis.

The clinical and radiological features of pyonephrosis are reviewed, based on a consecutive series of 40 cases. There were 32 female and eight male patients, with a peak incidence in the 50-59 year age group. In 63% of cases the right kidney was involved. Almost all patients complained of loin pain and 48% had lower urinary tract symptoms. In 58% of cases a renal mass was palpable. An anaemia, pyuria and elevated blood sedimentation rate were usual. Plain films of the abdomen revealed enlargement of the outline of the involved kidney in 75%, ipsilateral absence of the psoas shadow in 63% and urinary tract calculi in 60%. At high-dose excretion urography a nephrogram was obtained in 58% of cases and a pyelogram produced in 34%. No single clinical or radiological entity emerged, there being an unbroken spectrum of disease ranging from infected hydronephrosis to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. There is an increasing incidence of calculi, loss of the renal and psoas outlines and reduced renal function with increasing chronicity of disease. High-dose excretion urography is the investigation of choice since not only may the diagnosis be established but also there precise pathological state of the involved kidney. Further radiological investigation is infrequently required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The radiology of gout. Review article.

The radiological features of gout are presented on the basis of a consecutive series of 64 in-patients and a review of the literature. Gout is a painful and potentially crippling disorder. Since fewer patients are referred with a classical acute attack due to the advent of more effective drug therapy, the radiologist may be presented with unusual or atypical cases. It is confirmed that there are no specific radiological features of gout. Provided a high index of suspicion be mai-tained, particularly in those groups of patients in whom secondary gout is common, a combination of signs may allow the diagnosis to be correctly inferred, leading to biochemical confirmation.

Acute Disease↗