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Biomedical subjects

I Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to I Taylor.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Cytotoxic perfusion for colorectal liver metastases.

A clinical trial to assess the value of different perfusion techniques in the management of colorectal liver metastases is presented. The perfusion with 5-fluorouracil was commenced at the time of resection of the primary tumour when palpable liver metastases were found. In terms of survival, no benefit was found with hepatic artery ligation and perfusion and with portal vein perfusion alone compared with the control group. However, the combination of the two improved the survival rate and a possible explanation for this is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The blood supply of colorectal liver metastases.

Post-mortem studies suggest that liver metastases obtain the majority of their nutrition from the hepatic artery; however, cytotoxic arterial perfusion with or without hepatic-artery ligation has not proved entirely successful as a therapeutic regime. In this study we have measured blood flow into colorectal liver metastases using xenon-133 (133Xe) clearance in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Pre-operative measurements after direct parenchymal injection gave a mean flow of 41.5 +/- 22.5 ml/min/100 g which after hepatic arterial occlusion perfusion, was reduced to a mean of 5% of the pre-occlusion value. Dynamic blood-flow studies using the gamma camera were performed in the post-operative period by administration of 133Xe into both hepatic arterial and portal venous catheters. The initial distribution images indicated a predominant arterial perfusion to the metastases, but after hepatic-artery ligation, portal-vein perfusion to the metastases was statistically significantly increased. Hence, a compensatory haemodynamic mechanism exists which may account for the poor results of hepatic-artery ligation and perfusion alone.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of rectosigmoid myoelectrical activity in the irritable colon syndrome during relapses and remissions.

Recent studies have suggested that a high incidence of 0.05 Hz (3 c/m) slow wave electrical activity is present within the rectosigmoid of patients with the irritable colon syndrome during symptomatic phases. However, it is known that this is a chronic relapsing disorder and in this study we have compared myoelectrical recordings, using an on-line frequency analyser, during periods of severe symptoms and asymptomatic phases. Treatment with either bran (in the form of bran tablets) or an antispasmodic resulted in 12 of the 20 patients becoming free from symptoms after one to three months. In those patients who were initially constipated a statistically significant increase in mean stool weight and a decrease in mean transit time occurred, but this was not associated with any alteration in either percentage motility or electrical activity. In patients with predominant diarrhoea no statistically significant difference occurred in either transit time or stool weight after treatment nor did the abnormal myoelectrical activity return towards normal with symptomatic improvement. These results suggest that a fixed basic myoelectrical abnormality exists which is unrelated to symptoms. This may help to explain the chronic relapsing nature of the irritable colon syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Is there a myoelectrical abnormality in the irritable colon syndrome?

Although recent work has suggested that an abnormality of the 0.05 Hz (3 c/m) slow wave electrical activity exists in the distal colon of patients with the irritable colon syndrome, it is not established whether this is related to altered bowel habit alone, or whether it is specific to the irritable colon syndrome. We have therefore studied 10 patients referred with this disorder and compared their colonic myoelectrical pattern with 10 patients suffering from assorted disorders with similar symptoms--for example, chronic pancreatitis, diverticular disease, ulcerative colitis, etc. Transit time, stool weights, percentage motility, and slow wave electrical activity were measured in each patient. The two groups were well matched for age and patients with similar symptoms in the two groups had similar values for transit time and percentage motility. There was a statistically significant increase in the 3 c/m electrical activity in patients with the irritable colon syndrome unrelated to the degree of diarrhoea or constipation. It would appear, therefore, that the abnormally high incidence of 3 c/m electrical activity in the colon is specific to the irritable colon syndrome and not merely a feature of altered bowel habit.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Adjuvant liver perfusion in colorectal cancer: initial results of a clinical trial.

Fifty consecutive patients with colorectal cancer but no evidence of secondary deposits in the liver were included in an ongoing controlled clinical trial of adjuvant liver perfusion aimed at reducing the incidence of hepatic metastases. All patients had their primary tumour resected in the standard way. Twenty-six of the patients served as controls, and 24 received fluorouracil, 1 g daily, as a continuous infusion into the portal venous system during the first seven days after operation. The patients were matched for age, sex, and site and stage of the disease. The immediate postoperative mortality and morbidity did not differ significantly between the two groups. During the follow-up period (mean duration 15.5 months), however, six deaths occurred in the control group and only one in the perfusion group. At necropsy four of the controls had multiple liver metastases. Two of the surviving controls developed evidence of liver metastases, and two had a local recurrence. No patient in the perfusion group developed evidence of hepatic metastases. These initial results suggest that adjuvant portal venous perfusion with fluorouracil may reduce the incidence of liver metastases in colorectal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Clinical study of liver blood flow in man measured by 133Xe clearance after portal vein injection.

During the course of a clinical trial to assess the value of adjuvant liver perfusion of 5-fluorouracil after surgery for colorectal cancer, liver blood flow was measured in 14 patients. Access to the portal circulation was achieved by dilatation and cannulation of the obliterated umbilical vein. The clearance from the liver of a bolus of 133Xe was monitored using a gamma-ray camera so that blood flow from different areas of the liver could be calculated. The clearance curve of 133Xe was a double exponential of which the initial fast component accounted for a consistently high proportion of the total clearance. The perfusion studies have shown wide differences in blood flow to the various areas of the liver in the same patient, in addition to a wide variation in perfusion rate between the 14 patients. This technique of quantitative estimations of liver blood flow to different areas of the liver may have importance in planning operative procedures and understanding the haemodynamic mechanisms involved in liver disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Lithium treatment of patients with affective illness associated with organic brain symptoms.

Lithium was used to treat the manic symptoms of affective disorder in three patients with associated organic brain syndromes. In all three cases neuropsychological testing permitted evaluation of the degree of dysfunction during the acute and follow-up periods of treatment. Lithium was effective in controlling the manic symptoms of all three patients, and there was no evidence that it caused further organic deterioration.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Bran tablets and diverticular disease.

Three treatments for patients with symptomatic diverticular disease were compared in a crossover trial. Neither a high-roughage diet (HRD) nor Normacol plus an antispasmodic were as effective as bran tablets, which produced a significant increase in daily stool weight and a decrease in the intestinal transit time. An abnormal rapid electrical rhythm in colonic smooth muscle was found initially in 80% of the patients, but the incidence was reduced by each treatment after one month; it was present in only 40% of patients after treatment with bran tablets. Only bran significantly reduced a high percentage motility to within normal limits. Bran proved to be the most effective treatment, not only in improving the symptoms in patients with diverticular disease but also in returning to normal the abnormal pathophysiological changes. Bran tablets were both convenient and acceptable as well as effective.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1976

Malignant lymphoma of the thyroid.

Two cases of malignant lymphoma are reported and the clinical features of a further 6 cases collected over a 10-year period are presented. The literature is reviewed and the treatment, prognosis and relationship to Hashimoto's disease are discussed. It is suggested that lymph node biopsy at the time of operation is important in confirming the diagnosis and that the prognosis may be more hopeful than has previously been suggested.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Large bowel myoelectrical activity in man.

The myoelectrical activity of human colon and rectum has been studied by three types of electrode in man--intraluminal (suction), serosal and cutaneous. The patterns obtained indicate a high degree of consistency between the methods and the value of surface electrodes is emphasized. Gradient along the large bowel of both frequency and percentage electrical activity have been observed and possible physiological roles are postulated for them. By correlating the features of regular electrical and corresponding regular motor waves an alteration in the myoelectrical pattern is observed in the region of the rectosigmoid junction.

Cecum↗
PubMed1975

Glucagon and the colon.

The effect of glucagon on human colonic myoelectrical activity is described. By means of intraluminal, serosal, and surface electrodes, recordings from all areas of the large bowel have been obtained. Glucagon inhibited both electrical and pressure rhythms in all subjects tested. Evidence is produced to suggest a direct action on colonic smooth muscle. A controlled trial using glucagon during routine barium enema examinations suggests that it may prove to be useful for hypotonic examinations of the colon where painful spasm is present.

Barium Sulfate↗