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Biomedical subjects

I Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to I Taylor.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Faecal bile acid excretion in diverticular disease.

Faecal bile acid excretion and sigmoid myoelectrical activity were measured on three separate occasions over a 12-month period in 21 patients with diverticular disease and the result were compared with those of 17 age-matched normal subjects. Statistically significantly lower faecal concentrations of both deoxycholic and lithocholic acid were found in patients with diverticular disease (96.7 +/- 11.3 mg/100 g, 59.6 +/- 6.0 mg/100 g respectively) when compared with normal subjects (219 +/- 32.0 mg/100 g and 117.6 +/- 14.6 mg/100 g respectively, P < 0.001). These values persisted throughout the period of study. Patients with diverticular disease were found to have an abnormally rapid myoelectrical rhythm (frequency 0.2-0.3 Hz [12-18 c/min] which returned towards normal after 1 year's bran treatment. Significant correlations were found between lithocholic acid concentrations and activity of 0.2-0.3 Hz (r = 0.67) and deoxycholic acid concentrations and activity of 0.1-015 Hz (6-9 c/min) (r = 0.62). It is suggested that increased colonic absorption of bile acids may occur in diverticular disease which may influence the myoelectrical activity.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1980

An assessment of anorectal motility in the management of adult megacolon.

Anorectal motility measurements have been performed on 19 patients with adult megacolon and the results compared with 12 normal subjects. Adult Hirschsprung's disease (4 patients) was recognized by the absence of anal canal inhibition on rectal distension (normal mean inhibition 21.9 +/- 2.3 mmHg). Seven patients with non-Hirschsprung's megacolon (idiopathic) had an elevated anal pressure (mean 90.4 +/- 7.0 mmHg). These patients were treated with repeated anal dilatation. Eight further patients had normal anal canal pressures (mean 33.2 +/- 11.7 mmHg) and were treated with enemas and regular suppositories. Little overall clinical improvement resulted in this group and 1 patient underwent subtotal colectomy. Measurements of anorectal motility have been found to assist in the management of adult megacolon.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1980

Effect of bile acid perfusion on colonic motor function in patients with the irritable colon syndrome.

A study was performed to determine the effect of bile acid perfusion on motility in the sigmoid colon of patients with the irritable colon syndrome compared with normal subjects. Deoxycholic acid (15 mM) statistically significantly increased motility in normal subjects (control 25.0 +/- 6.4%, perfusion 71.4 +/- 7.2%, P < 0.05) but neither chenodeoxycholic acid nor cholic acid had any apparent effect. In patients with the irritable colon syndrome, however, deoxycholic acid at 5 mM concentration (control 29.8 +/- 4.2%, during perfusion 57.4 +/- 6.5%, P < 0.05) as well as at 15 mM concentration (control 19.4 +/- 5.7+, perfusion 57.8 +/- 9.6%, P < 0.05) statistically significantly increased rectosigmoid motility. Patients with the irritable colon syndrome had a high resting 0.033-0.066 Hz (2-4 c/m) electrical activity, whereas in normal subjects 0.1-0.15 Hz (6-9 c/m) activity was greater. However, there was no statistically significant alteration in either electrical rhythm during the period of bile acid perfusion. In conclusion, additional evidence is presented to suggest that deoxycholic acid is the only bile acid likely to be implicated in the motor disorder of the irritable colon syndrome.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1980

Myoelectrical activity of the sigmoid colon in patients with diverticular disease and the irritable colon syndrome suffering from diarrhoea.

It is often suggested that the irritable colon syndrome is a pre-diverticular condition and that patients with diverticular disease and predominant diarrhoea are in fact suffering from the irritable colon syndrome. In this study colonic motor function in diverticular disease (7 patients with predominant diarrhoea), in the irritable colon syndrome (7 patients with predominant diarrhoea) and in 8 normal subjects were compared. Patients with diarrhoea were matched for symptom score, stool weight and transit time. Slow wave electrical activity was measured by an intraluminal suction electrode and patients with the irritable colon syndrome displayed a predominant frequency at 3 cpm. This was not found in patients with diverticular disease. No myoelectrical evidence to link the two conditions was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Changes in myoelectrical activity in the irritable colon syndrome with prolonged treatment.

Twenty patients with established irritable colon syndrome were studied at presentation and following a mean period of 14.3 months of bran treatment. An abnormal myoelectrical activity consisting of a high incidence of 3 c/m slow-wave electrical activity was recognised in the rectosigmoid and confirmed by objective automated frequency analysis. After the period of prolonged treatment, the high 3 c/m slow-wave activity persisted, but the incidence of 6--9 c/m activity increased. This was associated with an improved stool weight and transit time in patients with predominant constipation but no alteration in patients with predominant diarrhoea.

Colonic Diseases, Functional↗
PubMed1980

UNIGEN - universal language of aviation.

In 1978, 12 million flights arose from nations where English is a foreign language. From these, crash-deaths averaged 200 per million flights. The Aerospace Linguistic Foundation is incorporated to further cooperative evolution of a suitable speech for universal air use as envisaged by I.C.A.O. The language is called UNIGEN, an acronym from Gensise 11:1. It reflects the paragmatic monitoring of collective air communications and universal linguistic developments. The foundation underwrites investigations by existing communication faculties of linguistic problems identified from accidents, etc. (e.g. Tenerife shows English phonemes "th" and "wh" are not internationally suitable). Optimum expressions may derive from the world languages. Phonetics may also be selected to monitor the human factor, e.g. plosives to spot hyperventilation or arousals for sleep. "As a man speaks, so is he." Future air communications must exploit hearing and sight concurrently to assure the million-to-one reliability required for perception transfer.

Aviation↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of xenon-133 clearance with electromagnetic flowmeters and an indicator dilution method for the measurement of liver blood flow.

Measurement of liver blood flow has been carried out by three different methods in 14 dogs to assess the accuracy of xenon-133 clearance following portal vein injection. Electromagnetic flowmetry with flow probes on the hepatic artery and portal vein resulted in a mean value of 121.9 +/- 39.3 ml min-1 100 g-1. An indicator dilution study utilizing chromium-51-labelled red cells gave a mean value of 119.4 +/- 31.4 ml min-1 100 g-1 and the xenon-133 clearance following portal vein injection, 120.3 +/- 33.8 ml min-1 100 g-1. One-way analysis of variance showed no statistically significant variation between these three groups. There was a close correlation between xenon-133 clearance and electromagnetic flowmetry and between xenon-133 clearance and the indicator dilution technique. These data suggest that xenon-133 clearance following portal vein injection gives an accurate assessment of liver blood flow and this technique (as well as direct parenchymal injection) can be adapted for clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The effect of bile acids on colonic myoelectrical activity.

The effect of different concentrations of sodium cholate, sodium chenodeoxycholate and sodium deoxycholate on colonic myoelectrical activity was studied in 4 dogs. There was no statistically significant difference in percentage motility, motility index, basal pressure or mean slow wave frequency with either cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid (5--15 mM). Deoxycholic acid (15 mM), however, caused a marked increase in percentage motility (median control value 4.1, range 0--23; after installation, median value 27--0, range 20.6--45.0, P less than 0.001). This was accompanied by an increase in spike activity, but no alteration in mean slow wave frequency or basal pressure was seen. Cholestyramine inhibited the motor response. It appears that only deoxycholic acid affects both motility and absorption, presumably by different pathways, and may thus assume importance in disorders of colonic motility.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Adjuvant cytotoxic liver perfusion for colorectal cancer.

Colorectal liver metastases develop by malignant cells entering the portal venous circulation. A randomized prospective clinical trial was commenced in 1975 to assess the value of adjuvant umbilical vein cytotoxic perfusion (with 5-fluorouracil) following colorectal resection. One hundred and fifty-four patients without macroscopic liver secondaries have so far entered the trial. The mean age, sex, site and stage of the disease were similar in the control and perfusion groups and there was no statistically significant difference in postoperative complications or hospital stay (17.1 +/- 7.9 days control, 15.8 +/- 7.4 days perfusion group). So far, 23 deaths have occurred in the control group (20 due to recurrent disease) and 7 in the perfusion group (5 due to recurrent disease). Liver metastases were present in 13 control patients and 2 perfusion patients. These results show an encouraging trend and suggest that adjuvant cytotoxic liver perfusion may reduce the development of colorectal liver metastases and hence improve the subsequent prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

The effect of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide in duodenal ulcer patients.

The effects of 100-microgram of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 on meal-stimulated acid secretion, serum gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations were measured in patients with duodenal ulcer. The drug given in encapsulated or unencapsulated form significantly reduced gastric acid secretion by 59% or 70%, respectively. Rises in serum gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations after the meal were significantly blunted by 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2. This dose of prostaglandin led to no side effects and merits clinical evaluation in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Metabolic and behavioral differences between dieting and intestinal bypass.

The present studies were designed to compare physiological and behavioral changes produced by weight loss induced with dieting and the weight loss which follows intestinal bypass. A group of 7 grossly obese individuals were hospitalized in a metabolic unit and studied at their initial weight after 4 weeks on a hypocaloric diet and again following a comparable weight loss after intestinal bypass surgery. The score indicating depression increased after dieting, but returned to initial levels after bypass. A number of other behavioral changes were recorded including a reduction in the time spent thinking about food, the time when the individual felt hungry and a greater percentage of time when they felt "full". After bypass, the patients also selected and ate smaller quantities of food. There were no metabolic differences following the period of dieting. Among the metabolic changes after bypass were an increase in glycerol and a decrease in insulin. The possible relationships between the metabolic and behavioral changes have been reviewed.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1979

Ano-rectal profile in adult megacolon.

A number of parameters of ano-rectal function were measured in 10 patients with adult megacolon and the values compared to those in an age- and sex-matched group of normal volunteers. The absence of inhibition of force in the anal canal on rectal distention in patients with adult Hirschsprung's disease was the most constant finding although a group of patients were shown to have high resting and canal pressures resulting in megacolon. No constant sensory or myoelectrical abnormality was apparent within the anal canal. However, an unusual electrical rhythm was noted from the rectum in 1 patient with adult Hirschsprung's disease.

Adolescent↗