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Biomedical subjects

I Rantala

Publications and source records attributed to I Rantala.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

In vivo binding of immunoglobulin and complement to elastic structures in urinary bladder vascular walls in interstitial cystitis: demonstration by immunoelectron microscopy.

An ultrastructural immunoperoxidase staining technique was used to identify and localize immune deposits in the urinary bladder vessel walls of patients with interstitial cystitis. Deposition of immunoglobulin together with the C3 component of complement was found in the subendothelial space and in endothelial basement membranes. More peripherally, deposits were often found associated with elastic fibers between smooth muscle cells. In these fibers the staining was confined to the microfibrillar coat. The findings suggest that elastic microfibrils act as target sites for the immunologic reaction occurring in vivo. Following binding of autoantibodies to antigens in bladder mucosa, activation of complement could be involved in the production of tissue injury and in the chronic self-perpetuating inflammation typical of this disease.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1987

Light- and electron-microscopic findings in lichen sclerosus of the vulva during etretinate treatment.

Fifteen women with lichen sclerosus (LS) of the vulva were treated for 3 months with 0.6 mg/kg of etretinate. The clinical response was good in 11/15 of the patients and, in agreement with this, light microscopy showed decreasing atrophy and hyperkeratosis together with subsiding inflammatory changes. However, orcein staining demonstrated that even after etretinate treatment, elastic fibers were still absent in the upper dermis with only few fibers being detectable in some specimens. Conventional electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy were used to examine these changes more in detail. Antiserum to the microfibrillar part of the elastic fibers confirmed that only remnants of microfibrillar coat persisted in the upper dermis and that deeper in the dermis, elastic fibers were porous and fragmented. These findings demonstrate that despite the normalization of clinical and certain histological parameters during etretinate treatment, the initial elastic fiber damage persists both at the light- and electronmicroscopic levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Activation of complement by intermediate filaments of glomerular epithelial cells.

Glomerular visceral epithelial cells, podocytes, have been shown by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining methods to bind serum complement (C) components in vitro. Binding of Clq, C4, and C3 was demonstrated and the C4 and C3 binding could be inhibited by EDTA. Thus complement binding had the capacity to cause antibody-independent activation of the "classical" C pathway. The C-binding structures had the same distribution as intermediate filaments (IMFs) of vimentin but not desmin or keratin types. By ultrastructural immunohistochemical staining C3 was observed in association with cytoskeletal IMFs.

Complement Activation↗
PubMed1985

Detection of herpes simplex virus in women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease.

Four women are described with acute salpingitis confirmed by laparoscopy who had herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolated from the cervix or the upper genital tract (endometrium, fallopian tube, or cul-de-sac) or both. None of the patients had overt genital herpes, but one had typical HSV cervitis on a cervicovaginal smear stained with Papanicolaou's stain, one had a significant change in level of antibodies to HSV, and one had an endometrial biopsy specimen positive for HSV antigen. There are at least three potential explanations for these findings: chronic viral shedding, viral reactivation caused by acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), or that the PID was actually caused by HSV. Further prospective studies are needed to document the role of HSV in causing PID.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid with linear IgA deposits in oral mucosa.

Two patients with severe oral ulcerations and concomitant lesions in the nose, eyes and genitals were examined. The immunofluorescence (IFL) studies of buccal and genital mucosa revealed that the only deposited immunoglobulin was IgA. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the linear pattern of IgA deposition and localized IgA in lamina lucida in both patients. Dapsone 50 mg daily was effective in controlling the disease activity partially in the first and completely in the second patient. The results suggest that our patients had benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP) was linear IgA deposition but do not exclude a mucosal form of a newly recognized bullous skin disease termed linear IgA disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Immunoelectron microscopic findings in oral mucosa of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and linear IgA disease.

Two patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and one with linear IgA disease were examined. Two of the patients had oral lesions and all three showed IgA deposits detected by direct immunofluorescence in apparently normal buccal mucosa. To localize the target structures for IgA deposition, biopsy specimens were taken from normal appearing buccal mucosa for immunoelectron microscopy. The patients with dermatitis herpetiformis had distinct IgA deposits in the upper connective tissue. These were often associated with elastic fibers and occasionally also with capillary walls. In contrast, the patient with linear IgA disease had IgA deposition at the subbasal lamina. Though the clinical expressions may be similar the present immunoelectron microscopic findings in oral mucosa clearly differentiate dermatitis herpetiformis from liner IgA disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde as fixative for the study of duodenal mucosa. Morphologic and immunohistochemical results at light and electron microscopic levels.

Methods are described which utilize periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) as the only fixative for the investigation of nonfrozen small-bowel biopsy specimens by morphologic and immunohistochemical studies at both light and electron microscopic levels. Small-bowel biopsy specimens were obtained from children suspected of coeliac disease. In light microscopy, there was good morphology and haematoxylineosin staining of the mucosa. Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin-embedded specimens enabled an accurate demonstration of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) in the duodenal mucosa. In conventional electron microscopy, PLP gave a reasonable preservation of ultrastructure. In immunoelectron microscopy, a pre-embedding immunoperoxidase technique provided exact ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulins. The methods are easy to adapt and they give reliable light and electron microscopic results.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1984

Immunoelectron microscopic localization of immune deposits in IgA glomerulonephritis.

Renal biopsy specimens obtained from twelve patients with IgA glomerulonephritis (IgA GN) were studied by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) concomitantly with light microscopy (LM), immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), and electron microscopy (EM). For IEM, we used horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated antisera to human immunoglobulins (Ig) and to the complement component C3, and a diffusion technique with periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP)-fixed tissue-chopper or cryostat sections. Due to well-preserved ultrastructure and good penetration of the antisera in the tissue-chopper sections, a detailed analysis of the distribution of immune material in the glomeruli was possible. In cryostat sections, ice crystal artifacts could not be avoided. The typical features of IgA GN could be reliably confirmed by IEM. Furthermore, IEM revealed the presence of Ig's and C3 in mesangial channels, in the intracellular vacuoles of glomerular cells, and in the electron-lucent areas along the glomerular basement membranes (GBMs). Staining of the mesangial channels indicates that they represent a route for the immune material gaining access into the mesangium. Intracellular vacuoles suggest that the deposited immune material can be partly eliminated through endocytosis by glomerular cells. The presence of Ig's and C3 in the electron-lucent areas supplies an explanation to the discrepancy sometimes observed between a positive finding in IF and a lack of deposits in EM.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1983

Immunofluorescence microscopy of paraffin-embedded human kidney specimens obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Recently, we have introduced an atraumatic fine-needle aspiration biopsy method to obtain human glomeruli for morphologic investigation. In the present study, immunofluorescence microscopy of paraffin-embedded, fine-needle specimens is described. The specimens were obtained by aspiration with a 10-mL syringe fitted to the fine-needle prepared from a lumbar puncture needle (Jintan Terumo). Embedding of the specimens into conventional paraffin blocks was carried out after pelleting them by centrifugation between processing steps in conical centrifuge tubes. Sections from the blocks were collected on small pieces of GelBond film (FMC Corporation) instead of objective slides, which prevented the detachment of small sections during enzyme treatment. Localization then was performed on deparaffinized trypsin-digested sections using fluorescein-labeled antibodies. The choice of fixative and digestive enzymes was found to have a marked effect on the localization; periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde fixative and trypsin digestion gave the most reliable results.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1983

Pathogenicity of 42-44 Mdal plasmid positive and negative Yersinia pseudotuberculosis I and Yersinia enterocolitica 0:8 and 0:9 studied in the guinea pig eye model (Serény test).

When virulence plasmid (42-44 Mdal) positive and negative Yersinia pseudotuberculosis I and Yersinia enterocolitica 0:8 and 0:9 were tested in the guinea pig eye model the following order of pathogenicity was observed: Plasmid-positive Y. pseudotuberculosis I (death of the animal) greater than plasmid-negative Y. pseudotuberculosis I approximately equal to plasmid-positive Y. enterocolitica 0:8 (severe conjunctivitis) greater than plasmid-positive Y. enterocolitica 0:9 (mild conjunctivitis) greater than plasmid-negative Y. enterocolitica 0:8 and 0:9 (no effect).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The nephrotic syndrome in IgA glomerulonephritis: response to corticosteroid therapy.

The nephrotic syndrome was observed in eight out of 170 patients with IgA glomerulonephritis (5%). Three patients had mild glomerular alterations, all of them were normotensive, had normal renal function and responded to treatment with corticosteroids. In five patients moderate to marked mesangial changes associated with segmental sclerosing or proliferative lesions were seen. These patients were hypertensive and four of them had renal insufficiency. Three were treated with corticosteroids without response.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1982

Immunoelectron microscopic localization of immunoglobulins and complement in human renal glomeruli.

A study was undertaken to evaluate some processing variables affecting the immunoelectron microscopic demonstration of immunoglobulins and complement (C3) in human glomeruli. Percutaneous biopsies were performed on 28 patients with various types of glomerulonephritis. Light microscopic, electron microscopic, and immunofluorescence examinations were performed by routine methods. For immunoelectron microscopy, fixation in paraformaldehyde (PA) or periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) was used. With the diffusion technique, using tissue chopper or cryostat sections, human immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, IgM, and C3 were localized in glomeruli with peroxidase-labeled antisera. Using PLP and the tissue chopper sections, good ultrastructure was achieved. The antigens could be demonstrated in intramembranous, subepithelial, subendothelial, or mesangial immune deposits. Penetration of antibodies and quality of peroxidase reaction in the cryostat sections did not differ from that of the tissue chopper sections. Freezing and thawing, however, resulted in inferior morphology. If PA was used, the antigens could not be reliably demonstrated. The results of light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence microscopy were in good agreement with those from the immunoperoxidase procedure. The present study shows that PLP preserves well the antigenicity of human immunoglobulins and C3, resulting in good ultrastructure. PA fixation, on the contrary, caused a loss of antigenicity before an adequate ultrastructure could be achieved.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1982

Immunoelectron microscopic localization of a progesterone-inducible protein (avidin) in the chick oviduct mucosa.

Avidin, a specific progesterone inducible protein, was localized in the oviduct magnum mucosa of chicks treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) or DES plus progesterone, using ultrastructural immunoperoxidase techniques. Diffusion technique and the double or triple layer peroxidase staining method were applied. The results obtained by immunoelectron microscopic peroxidase techniques with high resolution power indicated that progesterone stimulation in the DES-treated chicks resulted in avidin production in the goblet cells of the oviduct epithelium. The sensitive-antiperoxidase staining method revealed a slight avidin production in many goblet cells of chicks treated with only DES. This method also showed some avidin-positive ciliated epithelial cells in chicks treated with progesterone. This results suggest that some ciliated epithelial cells may have functional or metabolic properties characteristic of secretory goblet cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Characterisation of cells cultured from advanced atherosclerotic lesions of the rabbit.

The present study focused on cells cultured from late atherosclerotic lesions produced in rabbits by 6 months' cholesterol feeding followed by another 6 months' feeding with a normal rabbit chow. The growth rates of cells from both atherosclerotic and normal aortas were equal. The incorporation of [3H]proline into total protein and collagen as well as into collagen types I and III was also similar in cells from both origins. The cells from atherosclerotic rabbit aortas incorporated less [3H]glucosamine into sulphated glycosaminoglycans, but more into hyaluronic acid than cells from normal aortas. Cells from both origins were typical arterial smooth muscle cells as judged by electron microscopic examination. The results show that the enhanced metabolism of cells cultured from proliferative atherosclerotic lesions of the rabbit is no longer present in cells cultured from more advanced lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Glomerular epithelial cell endocytosis of immune deposits in the nephrotic rat. An ultrastructural immunoperoxidase study.

Autologous immune complex-type nephritis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were killed when daily urinary protein excretion exceeded 300 mg (group 1) or 70-100 mg (group 2). Normal rats served as controls (group 3). Endocytosis of immune deposits by glomerular visceral epithelial cells was investigated by conventional and immunoelectron microscopy. In group 1, membranous glomerulonephritis was confirmed by conventional electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. By the former technique abundant endocytotic activity was shown in epithelial cells and by immunoelectron microscopy rat IgG was demonstrated in both the deposits and the epithelial cell phagosomes. Groups 2 and 3 were very similar and the presence of IgG could not be demonstrated. Results from group 1 strongly support the assumption that at least part of the phagosomes are derived from the deposits. Endocytosis seems to be dependent on the degree of membrane damage and the amount of immune deposits.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Fixation and embedding variables in the immuno-electron microscopic study of rat Heymann nephritis.

Fixation and embedding variables were compared in immuno-electron microscopic localization of rat IgG in an autologous immune complex-type nephritis. Specimens from kidney cortex were fixed for 3, 6 or 9 h in the following fixatives made in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4: 4% paraformaldehyde, 2.5% glutaraldehyde, periodate- lysine-paraformaldehyde or modified Karnovsky's fixative. Localization of IgG was performed on tissue sections cut with a tissue chopper, cryostat or sliding microtome, using agarose, Ames O.C.T. Compound or polyethylene glycol respectively as cutting matrixes. The sections were incubated in peroxidase-labelled antirat IgG antiserum (diluted 1:20 with phosphate-buffered saline) for 60 h. Peroxidase activity was then revealed and the sections embedded in Epon. Exact localization of IgG throughout the sections and good ultrastructure were achieved when paraformaldehyde and agarose were used. Periodatelysine-paraformaldehyde proved almost as useful as paraformaldehyde in connection with agarose in respect of peroxidase reaction and ultrastructure. Fixatives containing glutaraldehyde gave a mostly weak and unevenly distributed peroxidase reaction product. In the cryostat sections breaking of the tissue structure could not be avoided. When polyethylene glycol was used as cutting matrix no peroxidase reaction was achieved.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Yersiniosis in children.

40 cases of bacteriologically proved Yersinia enterocolitica infections in children under 15 years were reviewed. Most children presented with abdominal symptoms, and diarrhoea was present in 80% of them. In half of those with diarrhoea the stools were mucoid and gross blood was often present. Faecal leucocytes were found in 4 out of the 5 children studied. The clinical findings are consistent with the enteroinvasive pathogenic mechanism proposed for Y. enterocolitica. 29 of 30 faecal isolates of Y. enterocolitica were found invasive for human epithelial cells in vitro. Nine strains produced an enterotoxin demonstrable in newborn mouse assay. Toxin production may be an additional pathogenic mechanism in human yersiniosis.

Adolescent↗