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Biomedical subjects

I Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to I Phillips.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Reproducible pyrolysis-gas chromatography of micro-organisms with solid stationary phases and isothermal oven temperatures.

Eight solid stationary phases were examined for their suitability for pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) of micro-organisms. With temperature programming these phases offered little advantage over the traditional liquid phase Carbowax 20M, but at an isothermal analysis temperature of 100 degrees C their use solved many technical problems. Pyrograms were produced containing small numbers of baseline-resolved peaks which eluted within 8 to 25 min. Four to six specimens per hour could be examined with two pyrolysers attached to one chromatograph oven. When a control organism was used to derive normalized results, pyrograms were reproducible with a second column and a second pyrolyser, suggesting that inter-laboratory reproducibility may be possible. Five different bacterial genera were well discriminated and some differentiation was achieved between different isolates of Streptococcus mutans, but similarity between pyrograms with was unrelated to orthodox taxonomic grouping. The best discrimination was achieved with Chromosorb 104, followed by Chromosorb 101 and Tenax-GC. With solid phases and isothermal oven temperatures Py-GC is a promising technique for microbial identification.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

Isoelectric focusing of Bacteroides melaninogenicus group beta-lactamases.

beta-Lactamases extracted by sonication from the Bacteroides melaninogenicus group organisms (B. asaccharolyticus, B. melaninogenicus, B. bivius, and B. oralis) were found to be in the form of complexes with molecular weights of greater than or equal to 40 x 10(6), and this resulted in failure to characterize them by isoelectric focusing. Purification by el filtration in the presence of deoxycholate resulted in beta-lactamase preparations from B. bivius with pI's of 5.7. A beta-lactamase preparation extracted by osmotic shock from B. bivius also had a pI of 5.7. Osmotic shock preparations from B. asaccharolyticus, B. melaninogenicus, and B. oralis had two bands of equal intensity with pI's of 4.2 and 4.35.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1981

Lactate UV-system: a rapid method for diagnosis of septic arthritis.

The concentration of lactic acid in synovial fluid was estimated in 43 specimens from patients with an acute monoarthritis by a simple enzyme method. In 9 patients with 10 episodes of septic arthritis concentrations of synovial fluid lactic acid were significantly higher (mean 10.8 mmol/l) than in 33 patients with nonseptic effusions (mean 3.1 mmol/l). With this method concentrations of synovial fluid lactic acid provide a rapid diagnostic guide in the separation of septic from nonseptic arthritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

In-vitro antigonococcal activity of rosoxacin (WIN 35213).

The in-vitro activity of rosoxacin against 173 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including 17 beta-lactamase-producers, was tested by an agar dilution method. Of the isolates, 167 (including 16 of the beta-lactamase-producers) were inhibited by 0 . 06 mg/l of rosoxacin. The remaining six isolates, one of which produced beta-lactamase and the others were moderately resistant to penicillin, were inhibited by 0 . 12-0 25 mg/l of the compound. There was little correlation between the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rosoxacin and penicillin, except for isolates with MICs of penicillin of 0 . 06-1 mg/l, for which correlation was good.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1980

Staphylococcal bacteraemia, fusidic acid, and jaundice.

Fusidic acid was used to treat 131 out of 250 patients with staphylococcal bacteraemia over 10 years. Other antimicrobial agents were given to the 119 remaining patients. Thirty-seven patients were already jaundiced before antibiotic treatment was started. Jaundice developed during treatment in 38 out of 112 patients given fusidic acid (34%) and in two out of 101 patients given other antimicrobials. The incidence of jaundice was higher in patients given fusidic acid intravenously (48%) rather than by mouth (13%). Jaundice appeared within 48 hours after the administration of fusidic acid in 93% of these cases. When the drug was stopped serum bilirubin concentrations fell to normal values within four days in those patients in whom they had been previously normal and who survived the bacteraemic episode. Fusidic acid was associated with increasing jaundice in 13 of 19 patients (68%) already jaundiced before it was given. In six out of 32 patients who developed jaundice while receiving intravenous fusidic acid serum alkaline phosphatase activity was raised suggestive of cholestatic jaundice. The mechanism in the remaining patients was unknown. Fusidic acid, particularly the intravenous preparation, in invaluable in treating severe staphylococcal infection but should be used with caution in patients with abnormal liver function. Patients receiving intravenous fusidic acid should be given the oral form of the drug as soon as their clinical condition permits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The rapid laboratory diagnosis of anaerobic infection.

In order to assess the rapid laboratory diagnosis of anaerobic pyogenic infection, we compared the results of Gram stains, ultra-violet fluorescence and gas chromatography, all performed directly on pus, with those of anaerobic culture. Fluorescence was most rapid but there were many negatives unless Bacteroides melaninogenicus was present. Gas chromatography was rapid and sensitive but there were some false negatives, often in pure Bacteroides fragilis infection, and a few false positives. Gram-staining was also rapid, but only helpful on its own when there were large numbers of organisms of mixed or characteristic morphology. The three methods together almost always provided a reliable and rapid presumptive diagnosis of anaerobic pyogenic infection.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1980

In vitro antibacterial activity and susceptibility of cefsulodin, an antipseudomonal cephalosporin, to beta-lactamases.

Cefsulodin sodium (SCE-129, CGP-7174/E), active in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.5 to 64 microgram/ml, was about 16- to 32-fold more active than carbenicillin against Psuedomonas aeruginosa. It was also active against P. diminuta, P. maltophilia, P. paucimobilis, and P. pseudoalcaligenes (MICs of 1 to 32 microgram/ml) but not against other species of Pseudomonas or other gram-negative bacteria. Except with highly carbenicillin-resistant isolates, MICs of cefsulodin for P. aeruginosa were little affected by an increase in the inoculum. With a small inoculum, minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were the same as or twice the MIC, but increasing the inoculum had a greater effect on the MBC than on the MIC. Cefsulodin was not hydrolyzed by the beta-lactamase induced in P. aeruginosa by growth in the presence of benzylpenicillin and was a poor substrate for beta-lactamases from Enterobacter cloacae and Proteus morganii. However, it was hydrolyzed, albeit slowly, by the beta-lactamase produced by most of our highly carbenicillin-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa and by TEM-type beta-lactamases.

Bacteria↗