Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to I Nakamura.
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We have developed a telemetric monitoring cytometry method of our own. Our telemetric cystometrograms were compared with regular cystometrograms in 4 patients. From these investigations, we concluded that wireless data transmission in urodynamics enables us to obtain more information on the intravesical pressure changes and to evaluate the patient's micturition disorders more accurately than with regular cystometry.
Eleven patients with newly diagnosed stage D prostate cancer between June, 1984 and June, 1985, were administered 300 mg/day of Honvan in 3 divided portions, 4 capsules/day of Estracyt in 2 divided portions, or 100 mg/day of Prostal in 2 divided portions was administered orally, concomitantly with large-dose intermittent treatment of 1 g/m2/3 weeks of cyclophosphamide. According to the NPCP criteria, of the 5 cases given Honvan 1 case was PR and 4 cases were stable: all 3 cases given Estracyt were stable: and in 3 cases given Prostal, 1 case was stable, 1 case had progression and 1 case dropped out. The response duration of this combination therapy was 3 to 16 months (average: 9.9 months), and obvious improvements in the subjective symptoms and performance status were noted in the cases that responded to the treatment. As for side effects, gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in 9 cases, leucopenia in 3 cases, and thrombocytopenia in 1 case. All these cases, however, were slight and transient. In 1 case, jaundice and an elevation in GOT and GPT were detected, but these changes were also temporary.
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In certain strains of mice, bone marrow grafts from parental donors fail to grow in first-generation hybrid mice. This "hybrid resistance" of nonsensitized F1 hybrid mice to the engraftment of parental hematopoietic transplants contradicts the classical laws of transplantation and is dependent on a radioresistant but immunogenetically specific effector mechanism. Studies in a new in vitro model reveal that committed hematopoietic precursors of parental origin can be inactivated by direct contact with natural killer-like splenic effectors from F1 mice. The reaction requires genetically restricted recognition, since only parental competitors syngeneic to the target bone marrow cells partially reversed this inactivation. Models of this type may be useful in studying the possible role of natural resistance in bone marrow transplantation in humans.
When wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate was injected into the caudal part of the medial, lateral, ventral and peduncular pontine nuclei in the rat, retrogradely labeled spinal neurons were found contralaterally in the intermediate basilar nucleus (IBN) in the upper two cervical cord segments, and in laminae VI and VII in the lumbar cord segments. The IBN appeared to send fibers mainly to the caudomedial part of the pontine nuclei, while laminae VI and VII of the lumbar cord segments of the caudolateral part of the pontine nuclei.
Peroxidase activity was examined cytochemically in the mucosal epithelium along the length of the digestive tract from the esophagus through the large intestine during the development of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. In the tadpole of this species, cells with peroxidase activity were found abundantly in the esophagus, stomach, and large intestine; and the types of such cells differed according to the region: ciliated cells and mucous cells in the esophagus; ciliated cells in the stomach; and brush cells, absorptive cells, and goblet cells in the large intestine, respectively. After metamorphosis, however, peroxidase activity was observed exclusively in absorptive cells and goblet cells in the large intestine. Peroxidase activity was commonly demonstrated in apical vesicles or granules, to some degree in rough endoplasmic reticulum, and in some elements of the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, reaction product was also found in mucus covering the luminal surface of such epithelial cells. These findings indicate that peroxidase-positive cells, which may have the ability to synthesize peroxidase as a secretory product, were distributed mainly in three regions of the digestive tract in tadpoles (esophagus, stomach, and large intestine), but were centered in one specific region, the large intestine, after metamorphosis. Concomitantly, the variety of types of peroxidase-positive cells decreased during metamorphosis. Our results indicate that some of the peroxidase in the digestive tract may have a secretory origin and may play a role in the defense against microorganisms.
4,4'-(3,7,12,16-Tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadecanonaen-1 ,18-diyl) bis (1-ethylpyridinium) dibromide (Y-18598), a novel carotenoid analog with 1-ethylpyridine rings as terminal groups, was found to be effective against P388 leukemia which was refractory to amphotericin B and retinoic acid used as representatives of polyene-containing drugs. The life span of leukemic mice was increased by 56% over the control following administration of 2.5 mg/kg on days 1-5. Among these polyene-containing compounds, Y-18598 was the most highly cytotoxic to P388 leukemia cells in vitro.
This study reports the electroencephalographic findings in two siblings with neuroacanthocytosis. Slowing of the background activity with diffuse slow waves was the main finding in the daytime EEG. All-night polysomnographic recordings were characterized by high voltage slow activity during drowsy state and REM sleep. One patient with an average of 40 episodes of apnea per night of sleep was treated with imipramine and showed respiratory improvement.
This is a report on the ultrastructural finding of the olivary hypertrophy in a case with palatal myoclonus. By light microscopy two types of neuronal changes were observed in the inferior olivary nucleus, i.e. the central chromatolysis and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Both types were also recognized by electron microscopy and the cytoplasmic vascuolation was identified as the vesiculated endoplasmic reticulum. In the reactive astrocytes, mitochondria were strikingly proliferated.
Liposomes were constituted with affinity-purified Sendai virus glycoproteins HN and F and phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylethanolamine: phosphatidylserine (PEPS). The glycoprotein-bearing recombinant vesicles (RV) were used to modify the surface of P815 mastocytoma cells (H-2d) or EL4 lymphoma cells (H-2b). The cells treated with HN-F-PCRV, HN-PEPSRV, or F-PEPSRV were shown by surface immunofluorescence to retain antigen for at least 2 h at 37 degrees C after treatment. The modified cells were used in cytotoxicity assays with effector spleen cells from either DBA/2 (H-2d) or C57BL/6 (H-2b) immunized by inoculation of active Sendai virus. Cells modified by treatment with HN/F-PCRV showed susceptibility to cytolysis similar to that in actively infected cells. Cells modified with HN-PEPSRV or with F-PEPSRV were also susceptible. The sum of reactivities of the anti-HN component and the anti-F components was close to that seen with HN- and F-bearing targets. Syngeneic but not allogeneic target cells expressing Sendai virus glycoproteins were bound and lysed by the effector cells, which was expected if the interactions were major histocompatibility complex restricted. The activity was attributed to cytotoxic T lymphocytes, since it was depleted by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement.
Safracins A and B, new antibiotics produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens A2-2, were tested for antitumor activity against mouse tumors. Structurally, these antibiotics belong to the saframycin family of antibiotics, and safracin B is 21-hydroxysafracin A. They showed antitumor activity against L1210 and P388 leukemias and B16 melanoma. The toxic and effective doses of safracin B were much lower than those of safracin A. Safracin B also prolonged the life span of tumor-bearing mice to a greater extent than safracin A. These results indicate that the alpha-carbinolamine structure plays an important role in the antitumor action of this type of antibiotic. Both safracins were, however, ineffective when their administration route differed from that used for inoculating tumor cells.
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Murine natural killer (NK) cell activity against lymphoma targets can be classified into three major functional phenotypes, i.e., low, inducible, and high, according to the levels of endogeneous activity and the extent of augmentation by interferon (IFN) or IFN inducers, as previously described. The prototype strains identifying these three phenotypes are SJL, A.SW, and B10.S, respectively, all bearing the H-2s haplotype. In the present study, the genetic basis of the low phenotype of SJL mice was examined further. F1 hybrid offspring of crosses between SJL and a strain with the high NK phenotype (B10.S, B10.D2, B10, C3H/HeN, or D1.LP) invariably expressed the high NK phenotype, indicating recessiveness of the low phenotype. Crosses between SJL and another low NK strain, such as A/J, A/HeN, or I/St, resulted in offspring of either the inducible or the high NK phenotype. Such genetic complementation between the low NK pairs indicates that the low phenotype of SJL and that of the other strains have different genetic bases. F1 hybrid mice between SJL and an inducible strain, A/WySn, were inducible, but those between SJL and the second inducible strain, A.SW, had the high NK phenotype. Thus, the congenic A/WySn and A.SW have distinct genotypes resulting in the same inducible phenotype. According to analyses of the segregating offspring from backcrosses of (SJL X B10.S)F1 mice to SJL, a single gene difference is responsible for the low endogenous level of NK activity in SJL as opposed to the high endogenous level in B10.S, and that the difference in three genes accounts for the poor responsiveness of NK cells to IFN in SJL mice. Studies of the two congenic lines of SJL, i.e., SJL-Igha and SJL-nu, indicated that the Igh locus is irrelevant for the low NK phenotype of SJL, but the nu locus clearly is relevant; SJL mice homozygous for the nu allele were phenotypically inducible in contrast to the nu/+ or +/+ mice which are low. The nu gene homozygosity rendered SJL mice responsive to IFN, not only in NK activity against lymphomas but also in ADCC activity against antibody-coated lymphoma cells.