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Biomedical subjects

I Magyar

Publications and source records attributed to I Magyar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Use of benzodiazepines in psychiatry.

Benzodiazepines are generally well tolerated (compared to barbiturates or antidepressants, their side-effects are milder). They may be used safely, their toxicity is low. Benzodiazepine overdosage may be lethal only if the drug is taken simultaneously with other drugs or alcohol. They act primarily through inhibiting the GABA system, their anxiolytic and sedative effects are of primary importance from the psychiatric aspect. Their classification is based on the difference in their receptor affinity (potency) and kinetics. Derivatives of low, medium and high potency are known. The introduction of high potency benzodiazepines in psychiatry has increased the therapeutic means. The major field of indication of benzodiazepine therapy is DSM-III anxiety disorders and insomnias but they may be successfully used in the treatment of manic conditions, schizophrenia, delirium tremens, clinical conditions accompanied by anxiety-depression, acute restlessness, neuroleptic-induced acute distonias, and akathisias. Even if therapeutic doses are used, tolerance to benzodiazepines may develop after some weeks of therapy. The general withdrawal symptoms are not severe, but the rebound symptoms often hinder the discontinuance of the drug or the reduction of doses. When prescribing benzodiazepines the risk of long-term therapy and the prevention of the development of drug addiction have to be considered.

Benzodiazepines↗
PubMed1989

Basal adrenocortical activity and DST in electrodermally differentiated subgroups of panic patients.

Twenty nine patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks were studied. The relationship between pre- and postdexamethasone serum cortisol level and electrodermal lability as reflected in electrodermal habituation rate and resting non-specific electrodermal activity was investigated. The frequency of non-suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone (DST non-suppressors) (at 5 micrograms/dl cut-off level) was 29.6% for the total group of patients. The basal plasma cortisol concentration showed positive correlation with the electrodermal habituation rate. The basal plasma cortisol level of slow habituator panic patients was significantly higher compared to rapid habituator patients, and it was above the normal range. On the contrary in rapid habituator panic patients the pre- and postdexamethasone cortisol difference was significantly less than in slow habituator patients, due to the normal basal plasma cortisol level and the relatively reduced rate of feedback suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone. Of the rapid habituator panic patients, 50% were non-suppressors following dexamethasone (at 5 micrograms/dl cut-off level). The above results might reflect two relatively different patterns of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysregulation in connection with two extremes of electrodermal habituation rate in panic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Heterogeneity, distribution and endogenous phosphate content of KCl-myosins prepared from different parts of human brain.

Myosin concentrations and their endogenous phosphate (P) content as well as some of their properties were investigated in different parts of the central nervous system (CNS). Myosin concentration in hemispherial part is in the average 40 mg/100 g fresh mince, but it varies between 5 mg and 30 mg myosin depending on the mental activity or accidental brain diseases. This refers to the other parts of CNS, too. A myosin may be isolated with a single and sharp peak as far as the gel filtration profile is concerned in spite of the high lipid content of the brain. Working with minimal lipid and RNA content requires a careful procedure by an experienced person. In spite of any careful isolation procedure, purified KCl-myosin preparations are composed of at least two isomyosins each formed from different heavy chains. Myosins are localized in different parts of the cell, mitochondrial, synaptosomal and neuroplasmic, respectively. Brain myosins have higher endogeneous P concentrations than other cell-myosins. In hemispherial myosins the P-concentrations are high. Subjects trained in mental activities have the highest myosin and P concentration. We suggest that the role of myosin may directly be connected with cytokinetic motions even in case of the higher functions of brain cells like thinking, paying attention and memory, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Dexamethasone suppression test and coping behavior in psychosocial stress.

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were administered to 144 healthy inductees on day 2 of military service. One hundred and four of them completed a 120-item questionnaire describing their coping responses to this particular challenge. Thirty-six subjects (25%) failed to suppress plasma cortisol adequately. Their mean scores on the MMPI clinical standard scales were within the normal range. High postdexamethasone cortisol levels were associated with denial and passivity, and with low demand for social support. These results suggest that the DST might be more related to coping with a stressor than to a specific diagnosis. The authors speculate that high hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity may have a primary role in psychological defense promoting inattention to the aversive aspects of stressful situations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

High-dose infusion therapy for severe depressions.

The present paper reports the results of high-dose intravenous antidepressive treatment performed at the Psychiatric Department of the Hungarian Central Hospital in Budapest. Based on the differences in the comparative dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs), prolactin (PRL) responses and Fischer Symptom Check List (FSCL) scores, it is hypothesized that a high parenterally administered dose of dibenzepine acts differently in comparison to oral drugs, which are extensively metabolized in the hepatic microsomal system. The results obtained so far suggest that the effect of high-dose intravenous dibenzepine in endogenous depressive states is comparable to that of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), as far as the regression of symptoms and biochemical changes are concerned.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Neurotics at risk and suicidal behaviour in the Hungarian population.

On the basis of a study of 5,871 persons representative of the Hungarian population over the age of 20 by age, sex, place of residence and occupation, an analysis was made of the relationships between neurosis risk, suicidal behaviour, drinking habits and social and lifestyle characteristics. Measured by the Juhász Neurosis Rating Scale, the proportion of those at neurosis risk in the population was 23.6%, but considerable regional differences were found. Suicide attempts and the suicide rate by county proved relatively independent of each other. In the counties with higher suicides rates (South-East Hungary) and in the counties around the capital which have high rates of suicide attempts the proportion of those at neurosis risk was very high. The closest correlation with suicide attempts was found in the case of suicide in the family. Where there had been a suicide in the family, 26% of the subjects attempted suicide in the course of their life and where there had been no suicide, the proportion of persons making attempts was only 1%.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Josef Skoda].

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Austria↗
PubMed1981

Experiences in the insulin requirement of diabetics.

Using the artificial endocrine pancreas the insulin requirement of diabetics was determined on a standard diet during a fasting period of 12 hours or a 6-hour resting fasting period in the night. Values characteristic of the individual type of diabetes ranging from 507 mU/h to 1410 mU/h were found. The basal and the modulating insulin requirement were both determined. A considerable diurnal variation of the modulating insulin-requirement was demonstrated with the highest value in the morning and the lowest in the evening. In order to cover the basal insulin requirement the corresponding quantity of a very long acting insulin was given with supplements of short acting insulin 2--5 times during the day to obtain a continuous normoglycaemic state. This procedure proved to be optimal in the treatment of pregnant diabetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Plasma bile acid levels and liver disease.

The plasma cholic acid, chenodesoxycholic acid and desoxycholic acid levels were studied by spectrofluoremetry in 153 cases. The values of 67 controls with no evidence of hepatobiliary or intestinal disease were compared with those of 86 patients with liver and biliary tract disease. The fasting values failed to provide more diagnostic information than did conventional laboratory assays. Plasma bile acid concentrations exceeding 2.5 mu mol/l are conclusive of liver or biliary disease. A cholic acid/chenodesoxycholic acid quotient higher than 1.0 is a sign of cholestasis. Estimation of bile acids after food intake was found more informative. The plasma cholic acid- and chenodesoxycholic acid levels underwent a considerable increase 1 to 2 hours after meals. A more marked increase of chenodesoxycholic acid than of cholic acid (the ratio of the two being in excess of 1.0) is indicative of cholestasis and is most marked in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Bile Acids and Salts↗