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Biomedical subjects

I Kaplan

Publications and source records attributed to I Kaplan.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Royal Park Multidiagnostic Instrument for Psychosis: Part II. Development, reliability, and validity.

The Royal Park Multidiagnostic Instrument for Psychosis is a validity-oriented assessment procedure developed for the acute psychotic episode using serial interviews and multiple information sources. This article describes the development and structure of the RPMIP and reports the findings of an interrater reliability study (n = 50). In addition, results are presented from a study that examined aspects of the procedural validity of the instrument when contrasted with consensus diagnoses made by a team of clinicians applying operational criteria in a less formal way to a common sample of patients (n = 87). Finally, the role of assessment procedures of this type in research into psychiatric disorders is briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A clinical survey of oral soft tissue lesions in institutionalized geriatric patients in Israel.

A clinical survey of oral soft tissue lesions in 298 geriatric patients in Israel was conducted. White lesions were found in 9.5% of smokers and 2.19% of non-smokers. Varicosities increased from 11.1% to 41.1% between ages 50-99 years. Pigmentation, hairy tongue, and papillary atrophy of the tongue all increased with age. Hairy tongue was found in 12.8% of men and 4.5% of women.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

The use of the CO2 laser in pilonidal sinus disease: preliminary results of an ambulatory prospective study.

During a period of 18 months, from January 1988 to June 1989, 70 patients were treated for pilonidal sinus disease in a Multi-Specialty Military Clinic. There were 62 men and 8 women, with a median age of 19 years (range 18 to 35). All were managed as outpatients under local anesthesia. When an abscess was involved, the surgical procedure included incision, drainage, curettage, peroxide irrigation, and CO2 laser therapy. For the other processes, the surgical procedure included excision of sinus tissue and lateral fistulas, curettage, peroxide irrigation, and CO2 laser therapy with secondary healing. Morbidity was minimal. Healing time ranged from 14 days to 8 weeks, yet most sinuses healed in 4 weeks. The complications observed--pain, bleeding, and skin bridging--were minor. All recurrences but three were minor and healed completely after additional local treatment (4.3 percent major recurrences). Preliminary satisfactory results are reported, supporting a more conservative approach in the treatment of this often overtreated disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effects of X irradiation on angiogenesis.

We have evaluated the effect of X irradiation on the mesenchymal tissue growth (blood capillaries and stromal cells) in an angiogenesis system in the mouse. This was accomplished by implanting a polyvinyl alcohol sponge disc in the subcutis of the thorax, and quantifying the extent of growth reduction of capillaries and stromal cells following graded doses of X rays. The sponge disc contained a centrally located pellet impregnated with 20 micrograms of epidermal growth factor and coated with a thin film of slow-releasing compound. Total growth of vessels and fibroblasts was determined by morphometric analysis of histologic sections. The incorporation of [3H]TdR was measured during a 24-h period. A dose-response relationship was observed when X irradiation was given on Day 11 after implantation, with the disc removed on Day 20. A single dose of 15 Gy reduced both the rate of incorporation of [3H]TdR and the total growth area. These and previous observations point to endothelial cells as important targets of ionizing radiation in the stroma, especially during the period of active proliferation of these cells, induced by growth factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Lightening of dark radiographs with a superproportional reducing agent.

Copper sulfate reducer is useful for lightening and improving the diagnostic quality of dark radiographs. The solution consists of copper sulfate, sodium chloride, and sulfuric acid. The radiograph is immersed and bleached in the solution until it turns white, redeveloped in weak developer, and fixed. Reduction is superproportional; that is, the percentage of reduction is greater in darker areas than it is in lighter areas. The degree of reduction increases with increased density. The degree of reduction decreases with increased redevelopment time. The reduced radiograph may have a gray, brown, or black image. Resolution is increased on the reduced radiograph.

Copper↗
PubMed1988

Ramification patterns of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-cells in the rat primary visual cortex. An immunohistochemical study.

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive cells in the primary visual cortex of the rat were classified on the basis of ramification pattern of cell processes. The distribution of cells over cortical layers, and proportions of cell classes relative to total cell numbers were evaluated by means of quantitative methods. Two main types of VIP-positive neurons, the bipolar and the multipolar were distinguished constituting 76% and 24% of the VIP populations, respectively. The axons of vertically oriented bipolars were observed to ramify within a column around the descending dendrite. By contrast, multipolar cells have a non-oriented ramification pattern. The two overlapping axonal systems form the VIP-innervation of the rat visual cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of dental findings in patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency treated with human growth hormone (hGH) and in untreated patients with Laron-type dwarfism.

The effect of human growth hormone (hGH) on dental structures was investigated by comparing two groups of patients with hypopituitarism. One group of 19 patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency who received hGH replacement therapy was compared with a group of 13 patients with high immunoreactive growth hormone and IGF-I deficiency, Laron-type dwarfism, who could not benefit from hGH treatment. Plaster casts of the dentitions and panoramic radiographs were obtained from all patients and analyzed for dental age, arch length, arch circumference, and width of teeth. the main findings were that (1) hGH therapy did not accelerate dental age but enhanced bone age; (2) the mandible was significantly smaller in the untreated group but no significant difference was found between the groups in the maxilla; (3) third molars were missing in more than 90% of the patients with Laron-type dwarfism whereas hypodontia of other teeth was found in 30% of all the patients; and (4) crowding was less prevalent than expected and the mesiodistal width of the teeth seemed to be smaller.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The CO2 laser in the excision of gingival hyperplasia caused by nifedipine.

The CO2 laser has been shown to have decided advantages over conventional techniques in the excision of gingival hyperplasia. These advantages include accurate debulking without bleeding and simultaneous sterilization. In addition, post-operative pain and discomfort are considerably reduced. This is particularly important in patients being treated with nifedipine for cardiac disease. A case study which demonstrates these issues is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

An early appraisal of the methods of tissue expansion and the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap in reconstruction of the breast following mastectomy.

In a 2-year prospective study, the results of two methods of breast reconstruction were compared. The tissue expansion and implant method was found to offer an acceptable reconstruction, but it was associated with a high rate of complications and revisions. The transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap reconstruction provided a more satisfactory reconstruction, with fewer major complications as well as a higher degree of patient satisfaction and less patient dissatisfaction. The present study does not address the long-term results of either procedure.

Breast↗
PubMed1987

Morbidity and recurrence rates after surgical treatment of malignant melanoma by scalpel versus CO2 laser beam.

A retrospective study was carried out on 219 patients who underwent surgical treatment of a malignant melanoma. A scalpel was used in 96 patients in group 1 and CO2 laser beam was used in 123 patients in group 2. The average length of hospitalization for group 2 was longer (16.3 versus 12.8 days for group 1). This was due to failure of the skin graft; 32.5 per cent in group 2 versus 15.6 per cent in group 1 (p = 0.005). The accumulative rate of recurrence for both groups was almost the same although there were significant differences according to the various parameters. Male patients in group 2 had a significantly higher rate of recurrence as compared with female patients in the same group (p less than 0.001) and male patients in group 1 (p = 0.002). In both groups, there was a significantly higher rate of recurrence for ulcerated primary lesions and those lesions more than 1.6 millimeters thick (p = 0.05). Patients in group 2, with lesions more than 3 millimeters in thickness, had a higher rate of recurrence than those in group 1 (54.6 versus 40.6 per cent). In both groups, patients who underwent elective regional dissection of lymph nodes had a lower rate of recurrence (19.4 per cent) than those patients who did not undergo dissection (53.6 per cent) (p = 0.001). It is suggested that thermal damage to the blood and lymph vessels incurred during laser excision may be more extensive than has been reported. These damaged walls may cause the higher rate of distal metastases of malignant melanoma from a primary lesion more than 1.6 millimeters in thickness; primarily in male patients.

Female↗
PubMed1987

The CO2 laser in clinical surgery--past, present and future.

The CO2 Laser is now an accepted modality in all branches of surgery without exception. Its use as a "Light Knife" or for the purpose of accurate vaporization of tissue has proved an advantage in many surgical procedures. The introduction of various endoscopes has broadened its application in cavitational surgery. With the advent of a suitable optical fiber this application will be broadened even further. Computerised Laser surgery has become a reality and the recent introduction of the CO2 Laser in tissue welding has opened a new field and augurs well for the future.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1986

Actual effective CO2 laser power on tissue in endoscopic surgery.

To elucidate the cause of power reduction in endoscopic carbon dioxide (CO2) laser surgery and to define the actual effective power on tissue of a beam delivered through different endoscopes, we designed an experimental model. In passing a CO2 laser beam through a CO2 gas-pressurized chamber, no significant power loss was noted. A correlation between the internal diameter of an endoscope and the power output became evident. Effective power of 92%, 85%, and 48% of the potential 100% was measured when a beam was delivered through single- and double-puncture laparoscopes and a hysteroscope, respectively. These figures are relevant in predicting CO2 laser effect used endoscopically.

Atmospheric Pressure↗