Biomedical subjects

I Kaffe

Publications and source records attributed to I Kaffe.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Radiological and clinical features of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse systematically the radiographic features of the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT). METHOD: Clinical and radiological features of 67 cases of CEOT (four new and 63 from the literature) were analysed. RESULTS: There were 27 (41%) males and 39 (59%) females with a male-to-female ratio of 1 : 1.5. Age ranged from 13 - 77 years (mean 43.5 years), with a peak in the fourth and fifth decades. The mandible was involved in 74% of the cases and 69% of all lesions were in the posterior area. The mixed radiolucent-radiopaque pattern was the most frequent (65%), with 32% radiolucent and 3% radiopaque. Coronal clustering of the radiopaque material was found in 12% and in one case, a 'driven snow' pattern of the radiopaque material was clearly recognizable. Lesions were unilocular in 58%, multilocular in 27% and not loculated in 15%. The unilocular type was more frequent in the maxilla than in the mandible. Borders were well defined and corticated in 20%, defined but not corticated in 59% and diffuse in 21%. Sixty per cent were associated with impacted teeth. Lesions larger than 3 cm tended to be more frequent in the mandible, mixed radiolucent-radiopaque and to have a higher proportion of diffuse borders than the smaller lesions. CONCLUSION: Radiographic features which have been considered characteristic of CEOT, coronal clustering and 'driven snow' patterns, are seen in only a small percentage of cases.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Anatomic and radiologic course of the mandibular incisive canal.

The purpose of this article was to define the anatomic and radiographic courses of the incisive mandibular canal and discuss its clinical significance. The study group comprised of 46 hemimandibles fixed in formalin. After radiographic examination, the buccal cortical plate of the mandible was removed leaving the bony frame of the incisive bundle intact. The morphology of the bony walls of the canal was evaluated, as having complete, partial, or no cortical walls. The course of the intraosseous pathway of the canal and its diameter in four different locations were recorded. An incisive bundle was anatomically found in all hemimandibles, travelling within a canal with complete (n = 10), partial (n = 27), or no (n = 9) bony cortical borders. The diameter of the canal ranged from 0.48 mm to 2.9 mm. Radiographically, the canal was either well defined (n = 11, 24%), poorly defined (n = 15, 32%), or undetectable (n = 20, 44%). A statistically significant correlation was found between the anatomic structure of the incisive canal bony borders and its radiographic detectability (p = 0.043). No correlation was found between the anatomic and radiological width of the incisive canal diameter. An incisive canal with a large diameter could have an important role in successful osteointegration and prevention of postoperative sensory disturbances. According to the present study, the ability to interpret the incisive canal from conventional radiographs is limited. Therefore, it is recommended to use conventional tomographs or computerised tomographic dental scans for better imaging of the intermental foraminal area.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Anterior loop of the mental canal: an anatomical-radiologic study.

This study sought to characterize the anatomical dimensions of the anterior mental loop and to determine the accuracy of conventional radiographs in identifying its presence and dimensions. The study group consisted of 46 hemimandibles fixed in formalin. Radiographs of the area between the mental foramen and the midline were obtained and evaluated for each hemimandible, followed by dissection and physical examination of the same area. Anatomically, an anterior loop of the mental nerve was observed in only 13 hemimandibles (28%). The anterior extension of the loop ranged from 0.4 to 2.19 mm. No correlation was found between the radiographic image and the anatomical shape of the loop. Of the radiographically diagnosed loops, 40% were not seen in anatomical examination. In cases with a false radiologic loop, a correlation was found between the diameter of the origin of the incisive canal and the radiologic interpretation of the loop. The radiologic appearance or diagnosis of the anterior mental loop in cadaver mandibles does not disclose the true ramification of the inferior alveolar nerve to the mental and incisive nerve.

Cadaver↗

PubMed1999

Radiographic features of vertically fractured, endodontically treated maxillary premolars.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most frequent radiographic appearance of bony lesions associated with vertically fractured roots of endodontically treated maxillary premolars. STUDY DESIGN: The radiographic features of 102 endodontically treated teeth and their periradicular areas (51 with and 51 without vertically fractured roots) were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: The predominant appearance of the periradicular area in the teeth with vertically fractured roots was the "halo" lesion (57%); by contrast, in the non-vertically fractured roots group, a "periapical" radiolucent lesion was most frequently found (55%). Angular bone loss (14%) and periodontal radiolucency (14%) were also typical radiolucent lesions in the vertically fractured teeth. CONCLUSIONS: "Halo" lesion, perilateral radiolucency, and angular resorption of the crestal bone, combined with diffuse or defined but not corticated borders, indicated a high probability of vertical root fracture in maxillary premolars.

Bicuspid↗

PubMed1999

Radiological and clinical features of aneurysmal bone cyst of the jaws.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and radiological features of aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the jaws. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 64 cases (60 from the English-language literature and four new cases) were studied and critically evaluated with emphasis on the radiological features. RESULTS: Age at time of initial diagnosis ranged from 4-78 years, with a mean age of 21.5 years and median age of 17 years. There were no differences in gender distribution. The ratio between the mandible and maxilla was 2.4:1. Ninety-two per cent of the lesions were located in the posterior region of the jaws. Lesions were radiolucent in 87% of cases, radiopaque in 2% and mixed in 11%. Fifty-three per cent were multilocular, 43% unilocular and 3% not loculated. The border of the lesions was defined but not corticated in 39%, well defined in 33% and diffuse in 28%. CONCLUSIONS: ABC has a variable radiological appearance and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion of the jaws as well as any mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Radiological features of primary intra-osseous carcinoma of the jaws. Analysis of the literature and report of a new case.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the clinical and radiological features of primary intra-osseous carcinoma of the jaws (PIOC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four cases (23 from the literature and one new case) of PIOC were reviewed. RESULTS: Patient's age at time of diagnosis ranged from 4-76 years, (mean 50 years). Male to female ratio was 1.7:1. Most lesions (79%) were in the mandible and of these, 95% were in the posterior area, approximately 70% of the maxillary lesions were in the anterior region and crossed the midline. In 87% of the cases PIOC was radiolucent; the remainder were mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesions. The radiological borders were defined but none corticated in 57% of the cases and diffuse in 43%. The lesion was unilocular in 61% and not loculated in 35%. CONCLUSIONS: The variable radiological features of PIOC and its deceptive resemblance to odontogenic cysts and other tumours of the jaws suggests that despite its rarity, PIOC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radiolucent lesions in the jaws.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Radiological features of osteogenic sarcoma of the jaws. A comparative study of different radiographic modalities.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and radiological features of osteogenic sarcoma of the jaws with particular reference to the effectiveness of the radiographic modalities used. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 66 cases (57 from the English-language literature and nine new cases) were critically evaluated for the features depicted with intra-oral and panoramic radiography and CT. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 36 years (median 31.5 years). There were no differences in gender distribution. A ratio of 1:1.6 between the maxilla and the mandible was found. Lesions had diffuse borders in 78% of cases and defined but not corticated borders in 22%. Twenty-nine per cent were radiolucent, 29% radiopaque and 41% mixed density. Widening of the periodontal ligament space (PDL) was seen in 14 of the 47 (28%) lesions associated with teeth and structural changes in the mandibular canal in 34% of the mandibular lesions. There was a periosteal reaction in 48% and soft tissue involvement in 33% of the lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Widening of the PDL space was best demonstrated on periapical radiographs. Structural changes in the mandibular canal were shown mainly with panoramic radiographs. Periosteal reaction was best demonstrated by occlusal radiographs and soft tissue involvement by CT. Thorough radiological examination using periapical, occlusal and panoramic radiography, and recognition of the radiological features of osteogenic sarcoma should lead to earlier diagnosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Clinical and radiological features of odontogenic myxoma of the jaws.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse critically the clinical and radiological features of odontogenic myxoma. METHODS: The clinical features of 164 cases of odontogenic myxoma (two new and 162 from the literature) and the radiological features of 96 cases (two new and 94 from the literature) were analysed. RESULTS: Most of the tumors (75%) were diagnosed in the 2nd to 4th decades. The male to female ratio was 1:1.5. Tumors were located in the mandible in two-thirds and in the maxilla one-third of cases. A multilocular appearance was observed in 55% and unilocular in 36%; 9% were not loculated. There was a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.000) between the size of the lesion and its locularity with the larger lesions more likely to be multilocular. Only 5% of the tumors were associated with an unerupted tooth. CONCLUSIONS: Odontogenic myxoma has a variable clinical and radiological appearance and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radiolucent and mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesions of both jaws in all age groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Interpretation of bitewing radiographs. Part 1. Evaluation of the presence of approximal lesions.

OBJECTIVE: Bitewing radiographs are the main tool for approximal caries detection. However, interpretation of findings is affected by numerous factors, such as beam angulation, exposure conditions, morphologic variations, etc. The objective of the present study was to compare the ability to detect virtually identical, artificial lesions in different tooth surfaces. METHODS: The in vitro model included preparation and radiologic evaluation of approximal artificial lesions in premolars and molars in depths ranging from 0.00 mm to 1.50 mm. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the prospect of a lesion detection between the different lesion depths (p < 0.0000) and between the different surfaces examined (p < 0.05). The interaction between lesion depth and tooth surface was significant at the 0.0001 level (ANOVA with repeated measures). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that initial approximal lesions of uniform size are more readily detected in premolars than in molars and that the chance of an incipient lesion to remain undetected is twice as high in molars than in premolars.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1996

Interpretation of bitewing radiographs. Part 2. Evaluation of the size of approximal lesions and need for treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The decision to treat initial approximal carious lesions is based mainly on interpretation of bitewing radiographs. In a previous report, it was shown that artificial approximal lesions of uniform size are more readily detected on radiographs in premolars than in molars. The objective of the present study was to compare the ability to evaluate the depth of similar size artificial lesions on radiographs and reach decisions concerning treatment, in premolars and molars. METHOD: Clinicians were asked to evaluate on radiographs, the size of in vitro prepared artificial lesions, and decide at which point they would perform a restoration. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the evaluation of lesion depth between different tooth surfaces. The interaction between lesion depth and tooth surface originated from the examiners' trend to score same size lesions as penetrating deeper into the tooth in premolars than in molars. The probability of the examiners to decide on restorative treatment in shallow lesions (0.25 mm, 0.50 mm) was higher in premolars than in molars. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that clinicians evaluate initial lesions as being deeper and more prone to treatment in premolars than in molars.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1996

Radiologic features of central giant cell granuloma of the jaws.

The radiologic features of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) have not been clearly defined, and conflicting descriptions appear in the literature. This study analyzes the radiologic and clinical features of 80 cases of CGCG. In nearly 50% of the cases the lesion is located in the posterior area of the jaws, that is, the molar, ramus, and tuberosity, and not in the deciduous teeth-bearing area as was accepted in the past. Only 51% of CGCGs are multilocular, and the frequency of these lesions is significantly higher in the mandible than in the maxilla. The correlation between the lesion's size and its locularity is statistically significant, and larger lesions assume a multilocular appearance. Only 6% of the lesions crossed the midline of the jaws, a feature that was considered in the past as typical for CGCG.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Influence of soft tissue on density and relative contrast between gutta-percha and dentin images. An in vitro study.

The current ANSI/ADA standard for density of gutta-percha (GP) has been found to be insufficient for clinical purposes. Furthermore, it does not take into account the possible influence of soft tissue on the image of GP in the root canal. The present study evaluated the density of GP according to the standard and the influence of soft tissue on the contrast between GP and dentin in vitro. The optical density of all tested GP brands was higher than the recommended standard. Soft tissue significantly influenced the relative contrast between dentin and GP and a decrease of more than 10% was observed when soft-tissue-equivalent phantom was added (p<0.000). A test simulating a clinical condition is recommended for improving the standard for the density of GP.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1995

Radiographic features of anterior buccal mandibular depression in modern human cadavers.

The anterior buccal mandibular depression (ABMD) becomes significant when evaluating edentulous patients prior to implant insertion. The features of the ABMD in dry mandibles from ancient populations have been reported. In the present study the prevalence and radiological appearance of the ABMD and the influence of soft tissue superposition on its radiological detectability in the jaws of modern human cadavers were evaluated. The prevalence of ABMD was 32%. The presence of soft tissue significantly influenced the radiopacity of the ABMD area and the degree of definition of the borders (p=0.0003 and 0.0001 respectively). Changes in the trabecular pattern were observed in 36% of the cases without soft tissue compared with 29% with soft tissue. The ABMD was more readily detected on CT scans than on conventional periapical or panoramic radiographs.

Age Distribution↗

PubMed1994

Anterior buccal mandibular depression (ABMD). Anatomic and histologic features.

The anterior buccal mandibular depression (ABMD) is a bilateral symmetrical depression located anterior to the mental foramen and extends under the alveoli of the first premolar to the central incisor. The prevalence, dimensions and contents of the ABMD in cadavers of fetuses and adult modern humans were evaluated. ABMD was found in all fetuses and in 31.8% of adults. The average dimensions of the ABMD in adults were depth 2.36 mm, width 5.44 mm and length 12.43 mm. The present study contributes to a better evaluation of the differential diagnosis and treatment planning in the anterior region of the mandible. A possible etiology for the development of ABMD is suggested.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Radiologic features of central odontogenic fibroma.

The central odontogenic fibroma is a rare benign neoplasm that is considered to be derived from mesenchymal dental tissue. This study reviews and analyzes the radiologic features of 51 cases (5 new cases and 46 from the literature). Central odontogenic fibroma appears in both the mandible and maxilla (55% and 45%, respectively). In the maxilla it has a tendency to involve the anterior area, whereas in the mandible the molar and premolar areas are the most prevalent sites. The majority of central odontogenic fibromas are unilocular radiolucent lesions with well-defined borders, but they may also appear as multilocular lesions and in rare instances may exhibit a mixed radiolucent/radiopaque appearance with poorly defined or diffused borders. The great variability in radiologic appearance of the central odontogenic fibroma means that it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all radiolucencies found in the jaws.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Location of the mandibular foramen in panoramic radiographs.

The reliability of two panoramic x-ray machines (Philips Orthoralix SD Ceph and Gendex Panelipse II) for determination of the location of the mandibular foramen was studied with the use of human dry mandibles. A significant correlation was found between the location of the mandibular foramen in the radiograph and the narrowest anteroposterior dimension of the ramus. A linear logistic regression equation was developed that could predict the actual location of the mandibular foramen from the radiographs. This finding will improve treatment planning of surgical splitting or fracturing of the ramus in cases that require orthognathic surgery provided the surgeon is aware of which panoramic machine was used. The Philips Orthoralix SD was found to be more reliable for this purpose than the Panelipse II (R2 = 0.94 and R2 = 0.87, respectively, in the vertical dimension and R2 = 0.87 and R2 = 0.75, respectively, in the horizontal dimension.

Humans↗

PubMed1994

Radiological findings in jaws and skull of neurofibromatosis type 1 patients.

Maxillary and mandibular lesions in neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) in patients are described. Radiographic manifestations include radiolucent lesions with well-defined, poorly-defined or irregular diffuse borders. Mandibular lesions were not associated with the inferior alveolar nerve as it coursed within the mandible. In three patients the lesions extended considerably into the cranial bones. The necessity for routine radiographic and CT evaluation of NF1 patients is emphasized.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Radiologic features of desmoplastic variant of ameloblastoma.

Desmoplastic variant of ameloblastoma is a newly described variant characterized by unique histologic and radiographic features. This study reviews and analyzes the clinical and radiographic features of 15 cases of desmoplastic variant of ameloblastoma (14 cases from the literature and one case from our files). Desmoplastic variant of ameloblastoma shows a predilection for the maxilla and has a tendency to occur in the anterior region of the mandible and maxilla. Radiographically, almost all desmoplastic variant of ameloblastomas exhibit a mixed radiolucent-radiopaque appearance. Most show poorly defined or diffused borders and are mistakenly diagnosed as fibro-osseous lesions.

Adult↗