Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

I Kabir

Publications and source records attributed to I Kabir.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Diarrhea associated with Cyclospora Sp. in Bangladesh.

A spherical acid-fast organism measuring approximately 10 microns in diameter (Cyclospora sp.) has recently been implicated in diarrheal diseases in many parts of the world. We detected this organism in the stools of six Bangladeshi patients with diarrhea. Four patients had chronic diarrhea and two had acute diarrhea at the time of presentation. This is the first report of infection with this organism in the indigenous population from this region.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Changes in body composition of malnourished children after dietary supplementation as measured by bioelectrical impedance.

Body composition was measured with bioelectrical impedance in 35 malnourished children aged 24-59 mo to investigate the effect of a 3-wk feeding supplementation. Twenty children received a high-protein diet with 15% of total energy as protein, whereas 15 children received an isoenergetic standard-protein diet with 7.5% of energy as protein. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometry were done before and after 21 d of dietary supplementation. The children fed the high-protein diet gained significantly more body weight than those receiving the standard-protein diet (1.33 +/- 0.54 vs 0.88 +/- 0.47 kg, P < 0.02). The total body water and fat-free mass determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis showed that the group fed the high-protein diet increased significantly more (0.92 vs 0.58 kg) than those on the standard-protein diet (P < 0.02). Results of this study suggest that feeding a high-protein diet accelerates catch-up growth and restores the reference body composition in children recovering from malnutrition.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1994

Absorption of macronutrients from a high-protein diet in children during convalescence from shigellosis.

Absorption of macronutrients and energy intake were determined in 29 children aged 24-59 months, during convalescence from acute shigellosis. A 72 h metabolic balance study was performed to determine the absorption of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Eighteen children received a high-protein (5 g/kg/day) diet, and 11 children received a standard-protein (2.5 g/kg/day) diet. The mean +/- SD energy intake was 612 +/- 38 kJ/kg/day for children receiving the high-protein diet, compared with 633 +/- 50 kJ/kg/day for the standard-protein group. The coefficient of carbohydrate absorption was 89 and 92% for the high-protein and standard-protein diets, respectively (p = 0.059). The coefficient of protein absorption was 80 and 71% for the high-protein and standard-protein groups, respectively, and was significantly higher in the high-protein group (p < 0.01). Absorption of fat was similar in both groups. The results of the study show better absorption of protein from a high-protein diet during convalescence, which may have a positive impact on catch-up growth of children suffering from shigellosis.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

Small intestinal growth caused by feeding red kidney bean phytohemagglutinin lectin to rats.

BACKGROUND: Plant lectins are present in significant quantity in a variety of food sources. The aim of this study was to determine if they stimulated growth of the intestine. METHODS: Germ-free and conventional rats were pair fed purified phytohemagglutinin lectin (PHA) or equivalent casein in a fully nutritious diet. PHA was instilled into in situ jejunal and ileal loops. Organ weight, length, DNA, protein content, morphometry, and [3H]thymidine uptake into jejunal crypt cells were measured. RESULTS: A trophic response occurred in the small intestine (jejunum greater than ileum) because of PHA (P < 0.001), was sustained by continued exposure, and was reversible on reinstitution of the control diet (P < 0.05). The intestinal microbial flora in conventional animals that were fed PHA augmented the growth-stimulatory effects of PHA on intestinal weight (P < 0.01). PHA caused fecal protein, fat, and mucous glycoprotein levels (P < 0.001) to increase in germ-free animals. PHA increased jejunal mucosal crypt depth and crypt mitotic activity (P < 0.05); DNA content (P < 0.05) and [3H]thymidine uptake (P < 0.01) into crypt cells was increased. No increase in plasma or tissue content of gastrin, enteroglucagon, or peptide YY was observed on PHA exposure, and there was no increase in organ weight of the liver, kidney, or colon. CONCLUSIONS: PHA stimulated growth of rat small intestine when present in the diet or instilled in the bowel lumen.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Rapid catch-up growth of children fed a high-protein diet during convalescence from shigellosis.

Sixty-nine children age 2-5 y, convalescing from shigellosis in a randomized clinical trial were fed either a high-protein diet containing 628 kJ.kg-1.d-1 with 15% of total energy as protein, or a standard-protein diet that was isoenergetic but with 7.5% of total energy as protein for 21 d. Children fed the high-protein diet showed a significant increase in height (1.02 +/- 0.44 cm; mean +/- SD) compared with the children who were fed the standard-protein diet (0.69 +/- 0.34 cm; P < 0.001). Similarly, increases in body weight were 1.25 +/- 0.48 vs 0.86 +/- 0.48 kg for the high-protein and the standard-protein diet, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean increases of serum proteins were also significantly higher in the high-protein group (P < 0.01). These results indicate that increasing the protein content of the diet during convalescence from shigellosis in children leads to more rapid catch-up growth.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of typhoid fever with ceftriaxone for 5 days or chloramphenicol for 14 days: a randomized clinical trial.

To compare the therapeutic efficacy of ceftriaxone given once daily for 5 days and chloramphenicol given four times daily for 14 days, a controlled trial was carried out with 59 patients who were culture positive for Salmonella typhi. Ceftriaxone was given to 28 patients in once-daily intravenous doses of 75 mg/kg of body weight to children and 4 g to adults for 5 days; chloramphenicol was given to 31 patients at a dosage of 60 mg/kg/day until defervescence and then at 40 mg/kg/day to complete 14 days of treatment. All Salmonella isolates were susceptible to both antibiotics. Clinical cures (defervescence without complications, no relapse, and no need for further treatment) occurred in 79% of the patients treated with ceftriaxone and 90% of those treated with chloramphenicol (P = 0.37). On the third day of treatment, blood cultures were positive for S. typhi for 60% of the patients in the chloramphenicol group and 0% of the ceftriaxone group (P = 0.001). Defervescence occurred in half the patients in both groups during the first 7 days, but on days 9 to 13 after the start of treatment, nine patients in the ceftriaxone group, compared with six patients in the chloramphenicol group, remained febrile (P = 0.4). The median hematocrit and total leukocyte counts at day 14 were significantly lower for the chloramphenicol group than those for the ceftriaxone group (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). These results indicate that the effects of therapy with ceftriaxone for typhoid fever differed from those of chloramphenicol therapy in that blood cultures became negative earlier, prolonged fever persisted in some patients, and bone marrow suppression was reduced. We conclude that a short, 5-day course of ceftriaxone is a useful alternative to conventional 14-day chloramphenicol therapy in the treatment of typhoid fever.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The effect of dietary protein supplementation on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins in children with shigellosis.

Nutrient deficiency causes growth failure and decreases serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations. Because IGFBPs modulate the concentrations and availability of IGFs in serum, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) were measured along with IGF-I and IGF-II before and after 21 days of refeeding in 22 undernourished Bangladeshi children (2-4 yr of age) with shigellosis. The effects of a 150 Cal/kg.day diet with a normal protein (6%; n = 10) or high protein (15%; n = 12) content were studied. The results were compared with those of 25 age-matched healthy American children (controls). Body weight gain was better in patients receiving the high protein diet than in those receiving the normal protein diet. In both groups, initial IGF-I (32 +/- 6 and 24 +/- 7 ng/mL; mean +/- SD) and IGF-II (177 +/- 15, 174 +/- 45 ng/mL) concentrations were low compared to controls (100 +/- 12 and 542 +/- 29 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.007). After refeeding, IGF-I increased to 160 +/- 26 ng/mL on the normal protein diet and to 322 +/- 41 ng/mL on the high protein diet, exceeding values in controls (P < 0.007). IGF-II increased more than 2-fold on each diet (P < 0.007), reaching control values. IGFBP-2 concentrations before refeeding were twice those in controls (750 +/- 200 vs. 317 +/- 33 ng/mL; P < 0.007) and normalized after refeeding in the high protein group (288 +/- 32 ng/mL; P = NS), but remained elevated in the normal protein group (526 +/- 77 ng/mL; P < 0.007). IGFBP-3 levels before refeeding were low and returned to normal on each diet. IGFBP-3 proteolytic activity in serum was initially increased and declined on the high protein diet. In conclusion, protein content in the refeeding diet differentially affects IGFs and IGFBPs in young undernourished children with infection. IGF-I and IGFBP-2 seem to be particularly sensitive to dietary protein alterations. We speculate that an increase in IGF-I concentrations, normalization of IGFBP levels, and a decrease in IGFBP-3 proteolytic activity in serum may all be involved in the improved recovery and catch-up growth observed with the high protein diet.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1993

Systemic allergic reaction and diarrhoea after pineapple ingestion.

Some foods may initiate allergic reactions. Anaphylaxis due to mangoes, oranges, nuts and other foods has been reported earlier. We report the clinical and laboratory features of 32 patients who became symptomatic shortly after they had eaten pineapples. Seventeen patients were males and 15 females with ages ranging from 5 to 70 years. Most of the patients complained of intense itching and urticarial rashes, followed by abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea. Sixty-eight percent of the patients became symptomatic within half an hour of eating the pineapple. On examination 18 patients had an urticarial rash and a flushed face. Although none of the patients were severely dehydrated, 20 patients presented with shock. Their peripheral pulse and blood pressure were low or absent suggesting an anaphylactoid reaction. The median total eosinophil count was 1850 (250-6375/mm3). The serum IgE level measured in 4 patients was raised. The patients were treated with intravenous fluids and antihistamine. Some patients also received steroid and adrenaline. All patients recovered uneventfully. Our findings suggest that ingestion of pineapple may occasionally cause an anaphylactoid reaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Sharing of virulence-associated properties at the phenotypic and genetic levels between enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Hafnia alvei.

Seven strains of Hafnia alvei isolated from diarrhoeal stools of children resembled enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in that they produced attaching-effacing (AE) lesions in rabbit ileal loops and fluorescent actin staining in infected HEp-2 cells. In addition, a DNA probe from a chromosomal gene required by EPEC to produce AE lesions, hybridised to chromosomal DNA from all seven H. alvei strains. These findings indicate that there is a sharing of virulence-associated properties at the phenotypic and genetic levels by H. alvei and EPEC. H. alvei strains with these properties should be considered diarrhoeagenic.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1992

Effects of a protein-rich diet during convalescence from shigellosis on catch-up growth, serum proteins, and insulin-like growth factor-I.

Shigellosis in children can cause growth retardation, worsening of malnutrition, and hypoproteinemia. To assess the effects of ingestion of a protein-rich diet during convalescence, 22 children aged 2 to 4 y with culture-proven shigellosis were randomly assigned after 5 d of antibiotic treatment to 21-d feeding regimens of either a 150 kcal/kg/d high-protein diet with 15% of calories as protein or an isocaloric control diet with 6% of calories as protein. At the start and end of dietary treatment, weight, height, mid-arm circumference, skinfold thickness, serum protein concentrations, and serum IGF-I were measured. Means of weight gain and increases in mid-arm circumference were greater in children fed high-protein diets than those fed control diets (1.23 versus 0.76 kg; 1.40 versus 0.96 cm; p < 0.05). Mean increase in height in children fed high-protein diets (0.83 cm) was not significantly greater than with control diets (0.74 cm). Mean increases in serum concentrations of total protein, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein were greater in the high-protein group than in controls (p < 0.05). Mean serum concentrations of IGF-I were low in both groups before treatment [4.2 +/- 2.6 nmol/L (31.9 +/- 19.6 ng/mL) in controls; 3.1 +/- 3.4 nmol/L (24.0 +/- 26.3 ng/mL) in the high-protein group] but increased more in the high-protein group [39.0 +/- 16.2 nmol/L (298 +/- 124 ng/mL)] than in the control group [16.7 +/- 9.2 nmol/L (128 +/- 70 ng/mL), p < 0.01].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Decreased food intake in children with severe dysentery due to Shigella dysenteriae 1 infection.

Factors that affect food intake in acute shigellosis were studied in 82 children aged 24-59 months. Children were offered an energy-dense milk-cereal-oil-based diet every 2 h. Food intake was compared between children with Shigella dysenteriae 1 infection and those infected with other Shigella spp (predominantly S. flexneri). Mean energy intake in the first 48 h was 435 kJ/kg.d in children infected with S. dysenteriae 1 and 536 kJ/kg.d in children infected with other Shigella spp (P < 0.001). Febrile children ate significantly (P < 0.05) less food than afebrile ones (469 vs 517 kJ/kg.d). Food intake remained significantly (P < 0.001) less in children infected with S. dysenteriae 1 after controlling for the effect of fever. The results show that food intake is significantly reduced in dysentery due to S. dysenteriae 1 infection compared to that of other Shigella species; however, adequate calorie intake can be maintained by providing frequent energy-dense meals despite anorexia, fever, abdominal pain and diarrhoea.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1992

Campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia in children with diarrhoea in Bangladesh: report of six cases.

Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from blood cultures from 6 of 6,275 diarrhoeal children seeking treatment at the Clinical Research Centre of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) between April 1989 and December 1990. The clinical records of these 6 children were reviewed. All children were male; 5 were less than 1-year old and were severely malnourished. Five patients presented with watery diarrhoea and one with bloody diarrhoea. Two children died in the hospital. All strains of Campylobacter isolated from the 6 children were negative for cell invasive properties as tested by the Sereny test. Of the two strains tested for serum bactericidal activity, one strain was serum sensitive (growth inhibition), and the other resistant. The ability of C. jejuni to cause bacteraemia suggests that the organisms may be responsible for diarrhoeal diseases especially in young and malnourished children. An early attempt to detect Campylobacter and start effective antimicrobial therapy is indicated.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of indigenous plants in the treatment of acute shigellosis.

The clinical efficacy of three indigenous plants was compared with that of ampicillin and placebo in a randomized double blind clinical trial. Eighty-two men with shigellosis were studied. Sixteen patients received dried unripe fruit powder of 'bel' (Aegle marmelos), 19 received dried powdered plant of 'thankuni' (Hydrocotyle asiatica), 15 received a similar preparation of 'gandhavadulia' (Paederia foetida), 15 received ampicillin and 17 received a placebo. Treatment with indigenous plants did not show any clinical improvement or bacteriological cure as compared to ampicillin. The natural history of shigellosis was obtained by documenting the response of the indigenous plants and placebo treated groups.

Adolescent↗