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Biomedical subjects

I Holme

Publications and source records attributed to I Holme.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Antihypertensive drugs and blood lipids: the Oslo study.

1 The report presents the effects on blood lipids and uric acid of six different antihypertensive drugs, used alone and of five different combinations of two antihypertensive drugs. 2 Prazosin significantly lowered serum LDL + VLDL cholesterol and total triglycerides. Atenolol lowered LDL + VLDL cholesterol to a smaller but significant extent. Both pindolol and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTH) were without effect, while oxprenolol significantly increased total triglycerides. Propranolol significantly lowered HDL cholesterol and increased total triglycerides and uric acid. 3 The combination prazosin and pindolol had a favourable effect on the lipid profile, while the combination propranolol and HCTH lowered HDL cholesterol but increased total triglycerides. Propranolol and prazosin lowered HDL cholesterol, while methyldopa and HCTH, and HCTH and amiloride were without effect on blood lipids. 4 It is suggested that the metabolic effects of antihypertensive drugs could be of special importance in long-term treatment of mild hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effect on HDL cholesterol of oxprenolol and atenolol.

In 19 healthy men aged 50 with untreated mild essential hypertension (WHO group I classification) randomized into two groups, treatment (18 weeks) with oxprenolol (n = 10) lowered HDL cholesterol by 11.4% (P less than 0.02) and cholesterol ratio (HDL cholesterol X 100/LDL + VLDL cholesterol) by 13.7% (P less than 0.05) whereas atenolol (n = 9) lowered HDL cholesterol by 16.5% (P less than 0.02) and cholesterol ratio by 19.2% (P less than 0.01). In the total material (n = 19) the reduction of HDL cholesterol correlated positively with initial concentration of HDL (r = 0.48, P less than 0.05). Increments of total triglycerides by 20.0 and 17.9%, respectively, for the two drugs and small changes in total cholesterol, LDL + VLDL cholesterol and uric acid were not significant. The HDL cholesterol lowering effect of oxprenolol and atenolol observed in the present study may have clinical importance since such metabolic side effects have been postulated to counteract the beneficial effect of blood pressure reduction on development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in mild essential hypertension.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1982

Antihypertensive drugs and blood lipids: the Oslo study.

The effects on blood lipids and uric acid of six different antihypertensive drugs used alone, and of five different combinations of two antihypertensive drugs, are reported here. Prazosin significantly lowered serum low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein (LDL + VLDL) cholesterol and total triglycerides while maintaining high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Atenolol lowered LDL + VLDL cholesterol slightly. Both pindolol and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) were neutral, while oxprenolol increased total triglycerides. Propranolol lowered HDL cholesterol and increased total triglycerides and uric acid. The combination of prazosin plus pindolol has a direct favorable lipid profile, while the combination of propranolol plus HCTZ lowered HDL cholesterol and increased total triglycerides. The combination of propranolol plus prazosin lowered HDL cholesterol, but to a lesser degree than propranolol alone, which suggests that prazosin was not able to completely counteract the negative effects of propranolol on HDL. Methyldopa plus HCTZ, and HCTZ plus amiloride were neutral with regard to effects on blood lipids. It is suggested that the metabolic effects of antihypertensive drugs could be of special importance in the long-term treatment of mild hypertension.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1981

Effect of diet and smoking intervention on the incidence of coronary heart disease. Report from the Oslo Study Group of a randomised trial in healthy men.

16 202 men, aged 40-49 years, were screened for coronary risk factors, Of these, 1232 healthy, normotensive men at high risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) were selected for a 5-year randomised trial to show whether lowering of serum lipids and cessation of smoking could reduce the incidence of CHD. Men were admitted to the trial if they had serum cholesterol levels of 7.5-9.8 mmol/l (290-380) mg/dl), coronary risk scores (based on cholesterol levels, smoking habits, and blood pressure) in the upper quartile of the distribution, and systolic blood pressures below 150 mm Hg (mean of two measurements). The men in the intervention group were recommended to lower their blood lipids by change of diet and to stop smoking. Mean serum cholesterol concentrations were approximately 13% lower in the intervention group than in the control group during the trial (based on the difference between the mean of 3 prerandomisation values and the mean of yearly values during the trial). Mean fasting serum triglycerides fell by 20% in the intervention group compared with controls. 80% of the men in both groups smoked tobacco daily at the start of the study. The mean tobacco consumption per man decreased by 45% more in the intervention group than in the control group. However, only 25% of the smokers in the intervention group completely stopped smoking compared with 17% in the control group. Diagnosis of events of cardiovascular disease during the study was made blindly according to predefined criteria by two cardiologists not involved in the study. At the end of the observation period the incidence of myocardial infarction (fatal and non-fatal) and sudden death was 47% lower in the intervention group than in the controls (p = 0.028, two-tailed log rank test). When the incidence of strokes was added, the difference between the groups was still significant. It is concluded that in healthy middle-aged men at high risk of CHD advice to change eating habits and to stop smoking significantly reduced the incidence of the first event of myocardial infarction and sudden death. Statistical analysis, by Cox's proportional hazards model shows that the reduction in incidence in the intervention group is correlated with the reduction in total cholesterol and to a lesser extent with smoking reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Combined modality therapy of operated astrocytomas grade III and IV. Confirmation of the value of postoperative irradiation and lack of potentiation of bleomycin on survival time: a prospective multicenter trial of the Scandinavian Glioblastoma Study Group.

In a controlled, prospective, randomized investigation, started in 1974, 118 patients with supratentorial astrocytoma Grade III--IV were divided into three groups. Groups 1 and 2 received 45 Gy postoperatively to the whole supratentorial brain. Bleomycin in 15-mg doses and a total dose of 180 mg or placebo was given intravenously three times a week, one hour prior to radiotherapy, during weeks 1, 2, 4 and 5. Group 3 received conventional care but no radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Median survival rates of patients were 10.8 months in Groups 1 and 2, and 5.2 months in Groups 3, a statistically significant difference. With regard to performance, the patients in Group 3 deteriorated faster than patients in Groups 1 and 2. Bleomycin had no positive or negative influence on survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Physical activity at work and at leisure in relation to coronary risk factors and social class. A 4-year mortality follow-up. The Oslo study.

The association between physical activity at work and at leisure, coronary risk factors, social class and mortality has been studied in about 15000 Oslo men, aged 40-49, without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes at a screening examination for coronary risk factors. Four-year total and CHD mortality showed a decrease with increasing degree of leisure activity, and an increase with increasing work activity. The three conventional coronary risk factors--serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and number of cigarettes--associated negatively with physical leisure activity, whereas they all associated positively with physical activity at work. Men in lower social classes were less active at leisure but more active at work than men in the higher classes. In a multivariate analysis of variance with coronary risk score (based on SBP, serum total cholesterol and number of cigarettes), social class and physical activity, the predictive power of physical leisure activity for future death was almost as good as the coronary risk score. Physical activity at work, on the other hand, was not an independent risk factor either for total or for CHD mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of propranolol and prazosin on blood lipids. The Oslo Study.

In 23 hypertensive men, aged 47-55, propranolol reduced serum high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol by 13% reduced the ratio of HDL to low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)+very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol by 15%, increased total triglycerides by 24%, and increased serum uric acid by 10%. Prazosin reduced total serum cholesterol by 9%, LDL+VLDL cholesterol by 10%, and total triglycerides by 16%. These changes are statistically highly significant. On combined treatment with propranolol and prazosin HDL cholesterol was still significantly reduced but changes in other blood lipids were small and insignificant. Uric acid remained elevated. When decisions about long-term therapy are made, such metabolic effects might be of special importance.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1980

Four and two-thirds years incidence of coronary heart disease in middle-aged men: the Oslo study.

The association between four and two-thirds years incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and serum cholesterol, blood pressure (BP), height, body weight, cigarette smoking and physical activity at work and at leisure, was studied in 14,816 Oslo men, aged 40-49 years at entry to the study and free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Serum cholesterol is a stronger predictor for CHD than the other continuous factors studied in this cohort. The predictive power was only moderately increased by combining cholesterol, systolic BP and cigarette smoking. The risk ratio between men physically active and sedentary at leisure was 1:3. Only 35% of this difference could be explained by the other risk factors. The epidemiology of CHD in Oslo in relation to serum cholesterol and BP was found to be unchanged from that found in a previous study in Oslo.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Four-year mortality by some socioeconomic indicators: the Oslo study.

The association between four-year mortality and some socioeconomic indicators has been studied in al Oslo men aged 40--49, invited to a screening programme for cardiovascular disease, and in a 'healthy' subgroup of participating men free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes at screening. The lowest social class exhibited a much higher total mortality than the other classes. This was pronounced for a variety of causes of death, such as cancer of the lung, accidents and homicide, and coronary heart disease. The negative mortality gradient by increasing socioeconomic status can to a certain degree be 'explained' by the coronary risk factor pattern.

Achievement↗
PubMed1980

Serum insulin response to oral glucose load during a dietary intervention trial in healthy coronary high risk men: the Oslo study.

The effect of an ordinary lipid-lowering diet on serum insulin response to oral glucose load was investigated in a randomized, primary preventive trial of the Oslo Study of coronary heart disease in healthy high risk middle aged men. After 3 years intervention the treated group showed a significantly lower insulin response curve, a lower serum total cholesterol, a higher cholesterol ratio (defined as the ratio between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density + very low density lipoprotein cholesterol), lower fasting triglycerides and lower relative body weight than the control group. Increased levels of serum insulin and elevated insulin response to oral glucose load has been shown in earlier studies to be associated with increased susceptibility for atherosclerotic diseases. Therefore, it might be of importance, that lipid-lowering diet induce a lowering of serum insulin response in healthy, coronary prone men. As a contrast to the two high risk groups, the very low response curve of serum insulin and glucose in a group of coronary low risk men is also presented, and it is suggested that serum insulin levels should be added to the coronary prone syndrome of hyperlipidemia, obesity and physical inactivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

High density lipoprotein cholesterol and myocardial infarction or sudden coronary death: a prospective case-control study in middle-aged men of the Oslo study.

The high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations of frozen specimen obtained in 1972-73 are reported from 93 men aged 40-49 years who later developed coronary heart disease (CHD), and for 186 controls. Mean HDL cholesterol of CHD-patients was 7.9% lower than that of controls matched for smoking habits and serum concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol (p 0.05 for 82 men who had myocardial infarction, n.s. difference for 11 with sudden coronary death), and 10.2% lower (p 0.05) than that of controls who were not matched for the parameters mentioned. The present prospective study confirms that HDL cholesterol is inversely associated with the risk of developing CHD in middle-aged men.

Adult↗