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Biomedical subjects

I Fujimoto

Publications and source records attributed to I Fujimoto.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Epidemiological survey on the relationship between obesity and endometrial cancer].

Endometrial carcinoma is found more frequently in obese subjects. In this study, we evaluated the comparative risks of endometrial cancer relative to obesity indices calculated using the Brocas coefficient. From 1979 to 1983, we treated 185 patients with endometrial cancer at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo. Compared to nonobese subjects, those who exhibited an obesity index of 1.2 or more were found to have a relative risk value of 2.0 or more times that of normal subjects across all age groups. Based on these findings, it is suggested that a practical and effective preventive measure against endometrial cancer is to avoid becoming obese.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Occurrence of second primary cancers among patients with cervical cancer in Osaka, Japan.

Using the data accumulated in the Osaka Cancer Registry, we conducted a study on the effect of radiotherapy for cervical cancer in causing second primary cancers. Two groups of patients with cervical cancer, 1,767 who were given radiotherapy and 1,377 who were not, were followed for 7-9 years on average. In the radiotherapy group, 79 women had second primaries, and in the nonradiotherapy group, 23 did. These figures were compared with the expected cancer incidence for all sites. In the radiotherapy group, a significantly high observed-to-expected ratio was noted in cancers of the rectum, lung, and bladder. The nonradiotherapy group showed no site with a significantly high observed-to-expected ratio. Factors causing the increased level of lung cancer were studied. Some evidence indicated the excess was probably not related to smoking but to radiation, although the mechanism is unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Association of second primary leukemias with the method of treatment of the first primary cancer.

A case-control study of the association between chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for the first primary cancer and the second primary leukemia was made. All leukemia cases were collected from the cancer patients' file of the Osaka Cancer Registry which listed more than 220,000 cases during the 1965-82 period. Among the 2,765 leukemia patients, 46 had other (first) cancers. Two controls were selected from the cancer patients' file for each of the first primary cancers of 46 cases, with which they were matched in age, sex, cancer site, date of diagnosis, size of the treating hospital and survival period. Comparing the method of treatment of the first primary cancer in the cases and the controls, the proportion of patients treated by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy was significantly higher among the cases than among the controls when the interval of the two primary cancers was 5 years or more.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Epidemiologic study of carcinoma in situ of the cervix.

From 1950 to 1979, 1,248 cases of cancer in situ were treated in the Department of Gynecology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo. Detailed data were obtained from 585 of the patients by interview. Many patients had had their first sexual experience at an early age. Many had had more than two sexual partners, and there was a large discrepancy between the age at first sexual intercourse and at first marriage. The above factors seem to be related to the development of cancer in situ.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1985

[Epidemiologic study by interview on carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri].

From 1950 to 1979, 1248 patients with cancer in situ of the cervix uteri were treated at the Department of Gynecology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo. Information was obtained from 585 of these patients by direct interview. Many patients revealed early experience of first sexual intercourse and many had had more than two sexual partners and a large discrepancy between the age at first sexual intercourse and at first marriage. Early experience of first sexual intercourse, marital status and the number of sexual partners all seem to have a relation to the development of cancer in situ.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Survival rate as an index in evaluating cancer control.

A WHO/IARC Expert Committee on Cancer Statistics (1979) reported that it is of increasing importance to make comparisons of survival experience between countries. Unfortunately, there may be insufficient uniformity between different regions with regard to the criteria or classifications used and to registry policy and methods. The study of time trends in survival is complicated by changes in the degree of case reporting to registries, by the increasing number of cancer patients found by screening programmes, and by changes over time in definitions or coding rules of cancer site, stage, histology and even diagnosis. Such problems are inevitable in the medical field, which is evolving continually. Analysis of such data has, however, made important contributions in the field. Survival rates present problems and limitations; however, the overall results from population-based cancer registries are more representative of the general pattern of survival from cancer than those from hospitals (WHO/IARC Expert Committee on Cancer Statistics, 1979). Interesting though a hospital patient series may be, it should be kept in mind that the real efficacy of a cancer control programme can be judged only from population figures.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Follow-up study of HBs Ag-positive blood donors with special reference to effect of drinking and smoking on development of liver cancer.

In order to confirm the close association between chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) in Japan, 8,646 male hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag)-positive blood donors (GPT less than or equal to 35 Karmen units) were followed up. Twenty liver cancer cases were observed during the follow-up period (average 6.2 years), the expected number calculated on the basis of age-specific incidence rates among the general population being 3.03. Therefore, the observed to expected ratio of liver cancer was 6.60, that is significantly higher than 1.0. During the same follow-up period, a total of 76 deaths were observed, of which 20 were due to liver cancers and 9 to liver cirrhoses, meaning that nearly 40% of deaths among the study subjects due to chronic liver diseases. Drinking and smoking habits in the liver cancer cases were compared with those observed in healthy male HBV carriers. A strong positive association between drinking habits and liver cancer was observed and there was a significant dose-response relationship after adjustment for cigarette smoking habits. A high risk of liver cancer was also observed among heavy smokers, but a significant dose-response relationship could not be found between smoking habits and liver cancer, partly because of the limited number of the study subjects. These findings suggest that HBV is a major etiologic agent of PHC in Japan where the HBs Ag prevalence rate is about 2%, and alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking may promote the process of HB viral hepato-carcinogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Epidemiological studies on multiple primary cancers--observations on the second primary cancers among cervical cancer and laryngeal cancer cases].

Two epidemiological studies on multiple primary cancers were conducted. The first one was 7-9 years' follow up among cervical cancer cases (1,767 radiotherapy and 1,377 non-radiotherapy cases) registered in the Osaka Cancer Registry. The number of observed second primaries was significantly higher than the expected numbers at the rectum, bladder, lung and all sites in the radiotherapy group only. The other was a 7 years' follow up study on 532 laryngeal cancer cases. Higher incidence than expected second primaries were observed at the mouth and pharynx, esophagus and lung and all sites. The factors associated with these results were analyzed in relation to radiotherapy and smoking. Through these studies, the authors proved the usefulness of the data accumulated in a population-based cancer registry, especially in finding the multiple primaries, surveying prognosis of subjects and controls, and calculating expected numbers using the incidence data from the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Time trends in cancer incidence in Osaka].

Changes in environments and life styles in Japan have caused the recent changes in the time trends of cancer incidence for various sites. Using the data from the Osaka Cancer Registry, time trends during 1966-80 were analysed for cancer incidence of the leading 5 sites: stomach, lung, liver, uterus and breast. Age-adjusted incidence rates of cancers of the stomach (both sexes) and uterus (invasive cancer) decreased to 75% and 64% respectively between the two periods of 1966-68 and 1978-80 while cancers of the lung, liver, and breast reached 163%, 140%, and 143 % during the same period. Decrease of stomach cancer incidence was observed in all age-groups under 79, however, not in the 25-44 age-groups among females. Analyzing the histological data in the registry, it was noticed that estimated incidence of the intestinal type of stomach carcinoma had decreased more rapidly than the diffuse type. In the 30-49 age-groups among females, no decrease was observed of the diffuse type of carcinoma. Concerning lung cancer, a marked increase was observed over 60 years of age. The age-specific incidence curves by birth cohort showed no or very small cohort effects for the population born 1920-29. Among males, percentages of adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma have increased and that of epidermoid carcinoma decreased. The change was more marked in the age-groups younger than 59. Liver cancer showed the 3rd highest incidence rate among males and 6th among females. A rising trend in recent years was noticeable over 45 years of age among males. For the invasive uterine carcinoma, the incidence rate has been decreasing in all ages. Comparing these figures with those of whites in Connecticut or of Japanese in Hawaii, the former was higher than the latter and the difference was larger in age-groups over 40. The recent age incidence curve of breast cancer in Osaka came to be close to that in Iceland in 1930-49 when the curve had kept a constant level for age-groups after menopause. Birth cohort effect was observed for in these age classes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Mass screening program for cancer].

Since Japan, a national cancer control program has been initiated in 1957. The fundamental principles were set up in 1965. Under these principles, the Ministry of Health and Welfare granted financial support for stomach and uterine cancer mass screening programs, which were conducted by the local governments. At that time, the number of examinees was limited; 990,000 persons for stomach cancer screening program and 127,000 persons for uterine cancer screening program in 1966. However, it increased rapidly year after year and reached to 4,350,000 examinees for the stomach cancer and 2,656,000 examinees for the uterine cancer In 1983, the Health Promotion Act for the Aged was enacted. The Act prescribes the local municipalities to conduct stomach and uterine cancer mass screening programs for their inhabitants. This report describes a historical review of the development of the mass screening programs, especially on the objection objection against the programs in 1967-69 and in 1978-79, and on the reaction to those objection. The definition of mass screening programs and the future of mass screening are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Cancer mortality among Koreans in Osaka, Japan.

Using data from the Osaka Cancer Registry, we calculated age-standardized cancer mortality rates among Koreans and Japanese living in Osaka, Japan, during 1968-77. The following points were elucidated: 1) Among Koreans in Osaka, the mortality rate for liver cancer was about twice that among Japanese; 2) Among Koreans in Japan, the mortality rate of stomach cancer has been declining more rapidly than it has among Japanese. The factors involved in the Korean-Japanese difference of liver cancer and those involved in the rapid decrease of stomach cancer among Koreans in Japan are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Descriptive epidemiology of thyroid cancer in Osaka.

Epidemiological aspects of thyroid cancer in cases registered at the Osaka Cancer Registry during 1966-77 were analyzed. Average incidence rate age-adjusted to the world population was 0.6 for males and 1.8 for females. The ratio of incidence to mortality was low in both sex groups over 55 years old. Histologically, papillary adenocarcinoma was most predominant (59%), followed by follicular adenocarcinoma (18%), adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (12%), and anaplastic carcinoma (7.4%). In the older age groups, the percentage of anaplastic carcinoma was relatively higher than that in the younger groups. Age-specific incidence rates were estimated and 5-year survival rates were calculated for each major histological type.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Cancer incidence in Japan in 1975 and changes of epidemiological features for cancer in Osaka.

The cancer incidence for all of Japan has been estimated for 1975 with the use of data accumulated for 2 or 3 years from the cancer registries participating in the Research Group. Stomach cancer incidence has decreased by 30% in Osaka from 1963 to 1977. Analysis of the histological distribution of this carcinoma demonstrated that 1) the incidence of the so-called "intestinal" type decreased more rapidly than that of the "diffuse" type, and 2) the intestinal type of carcinoma had a more favorable survival rate than has the diffuse type. However, the survival rate of stomach cancer in Osaka increased by 2.6 and 0.7% in males and females, respectively, during 1970-74 compared with that of 1965-70, probably because of early diagnosis and improved treatment. Correlation between age-adjusted cancer morbidity and mortality rates was observed in 30 site-sex samples in 11 districts in Osaka. Only 13 samples (43%) showed statistically significant correlations. Of 12 site-sex samples having survival rates of 20% or more, only one showed significant correlation.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A method of record linkage.

In cancer epidemiology, prospective approaches are very important both in testing etiological hypotheses and in evaluating preventive procedures. Prospective studies, however, are very difficult and expensive, because a large number of people and a long period of observation are necessary for a satisfactory study. As a data source for follow-up studies, population-based cancer registry is very useful. The Osaka Cancer Registry has been in operation since December, 1962. Since 1968 the data processing, including the work of collation, has been semicomputerized. In order to identify cancer patients, we use the following six indices: date of birth, first Chinese character of a person's family name, address a: city, ward, town or village, address b: further details. i.e., street, avenue, section, hamlet etc., site, and sex. When we have data on the collation indices for the subjects to be followed up, we can conduct follow-up studies easily and accurately, using a semicomputerized collation method similar to that in the cancer registration system. Because the master file of the Osaka Cancer Registry contains the data of cancer cases reported and all cancer deaths among the residents of Osaka Prefecture, we can follow up the subjects living in Osaka Prefecture and obtain data about vitually all cancer incidences and deaths among them. In this follow-up method by means of record linkage to the cancer registry, some considerations should be taken into account for the following factors; coverage of cancer data in the Osaka Cancer Registry, reliability of the collation method, and address of the subjects to be followed up. As an example of a study with this method, we present the follow-up study of the screenees of a mass screening program for stomach cancer.

Computers↗