Lesch-Nyhan syndrome-like behavior in rats from caffeine ingestion: changes in HGPRTase activity, urea and some nitrogen metabolism enzymes.
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Acetylcholinesterase↗
Biomedical subjects
I Ferrer
Publications and source records attributed to I Ferrer.
[Chronic lymphocyte thyroiditis in childhood (author's transl)].
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Adolescent↗
An autoradiographic study of methyl-azoxy-methanol acetate-induced cortical malformation.
A completely disorganized pattern of neuronal migration was observed in intracortical neuronal nodules induced by the injection of methyl-azoxy-methanol acetate (MAM) in the rat on the day 14 of gestation. Labeled neurons were found at different cortical levels after a single injection of tritiated thymidine on days 14, 16, or 18 of gestation. Preservation of the ascending migratory progress of neuroblasts toward the cerebral cortex is, however, seen in the largest areas in which no intracortical nodules are found in spite of the abnormal structure of these areas. Neurons labeled on day 16 of gestation occupy deep regions of the cortex, while neurons labeled on day 18 are found at superficial levels. These results indicate variable degrees of disturbance in the migratory pattern in spite of the disorganization of the cortical structure in brains injured at an early stage before the cortical plate is formed.
Animals↗
Effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on carrier-primed anti-hapten responses in Xenopus laevis.
Young adult Xenopus laevis were treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea at doses which temporarily or permanently remove the thymic cortex and suppress allograft immune competence. Their ability to mount a carrier-primed, helper T cell-mediated, hapten-specific response was tested in terms of numbers of antigen binding cells in the spleen. Animals which had retained skin allografts for more than 300 days lacked helper activity, while those which had eventually rejected their allografts were able to mount an anti-hapten response. All groups of Xenopus exposed to the carcinogen rejected skin xenografts after the same time as untreated control animals.
Animals↗
Bleeding in syringobulbia. A fatal complication.
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Adult↗
[Peripheral neuropathy and insulinoma (author's transl)].
A case of insulinoma is reported with disease of the peripheral nervous system and pathological demonstration of a primary nerve lesion. On admission the female patient gave a history of hypoglycemic episodes and paresthesias and loss of strength in both hands. Physical examination disclosed loss of strength and atrophy of the distal musculature of the extremities, predominating in the upper ones and without fasciculations. Muscle biopsy demonstrated changes suggestive of neurogenous atrophy, and biopsy of the sural nerve showed reduction of the myelin fibers with axonal degeneration, important signs of demyelinization, and remyelinization figures. The neuropathy was unchanged two months after removal of the insulinoma. The exact location of the nerve lesion in insulinoma is controversial, some authors placing it in the peripheral nerve while others believe the motor neurons of the anterior horns to be diseased. The pathological findings in the present case suggest primary nerve disease, but an associated lesion of the anterior horns could also be present.
Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
Isolation and photo-oxidation of lysozyme fragments.
Reduction of the four disulfide bonds and further carboxymethylation of lysozyme followed by its reaction with CNBr brings about L-I, (aa 1-12) and L-II-III (aa 13-129) peptides. When breaking the polypeptidic chain by CNBr action and freeing the peptides formed through S-S bonds reduction and carboxymethylation three peptides are obtained corresponding to L-I (aa 1-12), L-II (aa 13-105) and L-III (aa 106-129). L-II-III, L-III and L-II peptides were separately subjected to photo-oxidation in presence of riboflavin, in 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. The kinetic analysis of Trp photo-oxidation in L-II-III peptides shows that these residues keep, to a great extent, the degree of exposition they had in native lysozyme. L-II peptide also presents Trp residues with a different degree of exposition. Presence of Tyr photo-oxidation in L-II and L-II-III peptides - what does not take place in native lysozyme - suggests a relationship between photo-oxidation selectivity and the degree of exposition of certain amino acid residues in spatial configuration.
Amino Acids↗
[Effect of chronic administration of cimetidine on adenohypophysis secretion in children].
In view of the existing disagreement on the hormonal effects of a chronic treatment with cimetidine, we have studied on a sample of 18 children, the possible alterations that might occur. A comparison has been established between basal conditions and a two-month treatment with 500 mg. a day, on levels of GH, PRL, LH, FSH, TSH and cortisol (as an indirect measurement of ACTH). The statistic study has not shown any noticeable difference in the considered period of time, and dose that has been used does not provoke any alteration in adenohypophyseal secretion.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
[Mast cells in the skin of rats during development].
The number of mast cells in the skin of the rat increases from the 17th day of the embryonic period to the end of the first postnatal month in the dorsum of the trunk and the head, while in the overlip skin the peak values are reached at the end of the first postnatal week. In the adult animal, the normal values are about one third of the maximum values in all areas. The number of mast cells decreases during the three first days after incised skin injuries; later on, their number increases up to the tenth day, and subsequently decreases, reaching normal values at the end of the second week. These patterns parallel the increase in fibrillary proteins, the development of vascularization and growth of hair follicles in the different scar tissue in skin injuries, respectively. A trophic affect of mast cells may be postulated. This could be exerted by two pathways: an indirect one, related to the vasoactive action of histamine, an a direct one, showing the increased rate of cell división induced by histamine in cultures of epidermal cells. The addition of cimetidine inhibits this stimulating action of histamine; because of this, the stimulating effect of histamine appears to be mediated by H2 receptors.
Animals↗
Schilder's disease. A study of the cerebral cortex with Golgi's method.
The cerebral cortex of a patient with Schilder's disease was studied with the Golgi method. The number of synaptic spines, basal dendrites, branching points, and dendritic intersection points of 5th layer pyramids are similar to those of controls, in spite of almost complete loss of extrinsic fibers. These data illustrate the probable remodeling of intrinsic cortical circuits and neuronal plasticity in the human cerebral cortex.
Cerebral Cortex↗
Lipid inclusions in the telencephalic neuroglia of the developing rat.
The presence of lipid vacuoles is a common fact in neuroglial cells and their precursors in the developing rat brain. Simple lipid vacuoles are present in ependymal cells, subependymal cells, spongioblasts and astrocytes. Polymorphic inclusions are observed in subependymal cells, spongioblasts, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Great numbers of dense inclusions are found in "premyelinic" oligodendrocytes, while smaller numbers of simple lipid vacuoles are found in the astrocytes of the telencephalic mantle. These results are discussed and related to the better known changes present in the human developing brain.
Animals↗
Development of non-pyramidal neurons in the rat sensorymotor cortex during the fetal and early postnatal periods.
The development of non-pyramidal neurons was studied in the rat sensorymotor cortex during the fetal and early postnatal periods with Golgi's method. Additional data of the early stages were obtained using autoradiography and electron microscopy. Horizontal neurons in the marginal layer were found from the 15th postconceptional (pc.) day (cellular birthday: 13th-15th pc. day). Horizontal neurons in the inner margin of the early cortical plate were found from the 16th pc. day (cellular birthday: 14th-16th pc. day). Coarse cell profiles were seen with Golgi's method, but, under electron microscope, increased numbers of organelles were observed in these cells, as compared to those of the cortical plate. From the 17th day of gestational age to the moment of birth, a small number of non-pyramidal neurons were stained with Golgi's method, including horizontal, stellate, and neurogliform neurons, at different levels of the cortical plate. The greatest development of the non-pyramidal system was observed during the second postnatal week, while the greatest increase of dendritic branches and synaptic spines was observed during the third and fourth weeks. This pattern is similar to that observed in the pyramidal system, but an ascending gradient was not observed.
Animals↗
[Pellagroid encephalopathy in chronic alcoholism. Clinicopathological study (author's transl)].
Pathological findings from two patients with clinical symptoms of diffuse encephalopathy who died due to a bronchopneumonia are studied. Postmortem examination of the central nervous system revealed neuronal changes which suggested the diagnosis of pellagroid encephalopathy. The differential diagnosis between several diseases characterized by encephalopathy, alcohol ingestion and malnutrition are discussed (chronic alcoholism, acquired hepatocerebral degeneration, Marchiafava-Bignami's syndrome, Morel's lamilar sclerosis, Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome and pellagroid encephalopathy). Alcoholic encephalopathy should be considered a medical emergency, which requires early correction of the basal parameters and prompt administration of thiamin and nicotinamide-nicotinic acid in doses of 500 mg per day i.v. followed by 200-300 mg per day of niacinamide by mouth.
Adult↗
A golgi and ultrastructural study of a dominant form of Kufs' disease.
A cerebral biopsy from a patient with inherited dominant autosomic Kufs' disease was studied with Golgi's method and ultrastructurally. A marked PAS positive, sudanophile, autofluorescent deposit was observed in the cytoplasm and in the proximal region of the axon of neurons from the third layer. Ultrastructurally this is a granular, membrane-bound product, sometimes with with a dense, compact rectilinear pattern in which the typical clear component of adult lipofuscin is scanty. Sections stained with Golgi's method show a prominent, sometimes double, axon hillock swelling without dendritic spines. These facts are compared with additional samples of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's chorea processed in a similar way.
Axons↗
Nascent microglia in the developing brain.
Nascent microglia cells in the developing brain were studied by morphological, cytochemical, and autoradiographic methods. These cells are a well differentiated population, characterized by the presence of an activated nucleus, numerous ribosomes, a well developed Golgi system and associated structures including clear vesicles, dense granules, and membrane-bound polymorphous structures. Big clear vacuoles in the cytoplasm are a constant feature; filaments and microtubules are found in variable numbers. Finger-like projections and invaginations of the plasma membrane are usually found. The identification of these cells with the classical microglial cells stained by Rio Hortega's method was made by reconstruction of 20 cells using serial sections. These cells show strong NADPH dehydrogenase, ATPase, and acid phosphatase activities, in addition to nonspecific esterase activity which is inhibited by sodium fluoride. Transfusion of labeled bone marrow cells from a donor showed labeled cells only in those areas in which nascent microglia cells are more abundant. Taken together, these data suggest an exogenous, most probably monocytic, origin of nascent microglia. New studies with membrane markers are, however, needed for providing better characterization of these cells.
Animals↗
Reactive microglia in the developing brain.
Reactive microglia in the developing brain after stab wound was studied by morphological, cytochemical, and autoradiographic methods. Morphologically, early reactive cells are of the "M" cell type (Matthews 1974). They show an activated nucleus, cytoplasm rich in ribosomes with wide Golgi complex and variable numbers of lipid inclusions. Big clear vacuoles are found in many of these cells. Microtubules not associated with centrioles and filaments may or may not be present. Junctional complexes of the zonula or puncta adherentia types are occasionally found. Strong NADPH dehydrogenase, weak NADH dehydrogenase, strong ATPase, and strong acid phosphatase, in addition to nonspecific esterase activities were demonstrated in many reactive cells. Intravenous infusion of labelled bone marrow cells from a donor showed labelled macrophages and labelled perivascular cells at the site of injury. Intracerebral injection of a small dose of tritiated thymidine at the time of injury resulted in the appearance of labelled macrophages in the following days. These data suggest that many of the reactive cells have an exogenous, more probably monocytic, origin; but a certain amount of endogenous cells also act as macrophages in brain injuries.
Animals↗
Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis.
Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis is usually associated with guttate hyperkeratosis, xerosis, and lentiginosis not related to the patient's age. Histologically, hypopigmented macules show remarkably decreased melanin, decreased DOPA-oxidase activity and a decreased number of melanosomes in the melanocytes with predominance of Stages I and II and small sizes. The epidermis is always atrophic. When scales are removed by scraping, hyperkeratotic lesions show, clinically and histologically, variable degrees of hypomelanosis; thus suggesting a relationship with the hypopigmented macules. These data suggest that idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis is the result of an early aging of the skin.
Adult↗
[Benign congenital myopathy with type I fiber predominance and rare "cores" in the asymptomatic mother. Association with malformations of the midline (author's transl)].
The case of a 20 year-old female with a congenital myopathy and multiple midline malformations (cranio-facial dysplasia with cleft-palate, cervical and dorsal vertebral blocks and sacro-lumbar spina bifida) is reported. A muscle biopsy showed only a predominance of type I fibres (97,3 p. 100). A muscle biopsy from the asymptomatic mother showed a predominance of type I fibres (95 p. 100) and a small number of fibres (less than 5 p. 100) with central or peripheral cores. Other fibres showed subsarcolemnic mitochondrial aggregates and slight architectural alterations. These findings confirm the variable histological patterns in benign congenital myopathies and emphasize the usefulness of studying the asymptomatic parents of such patients in whom a predominance of type I fibres is the only change present in the muscle biopsy.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗