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Biomedical subjects

I D Miller

Publications and source records attributed to I D Miller.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Cervical carcinoma in the Grampian region (1980-1991): a population-based study of survival and cervical cytology history.

OBJECTIVES: To study survival in women treated for cervical carcinoma in Grampian region, to identify clinical and pathological prognostic factors, and to correlate survival with cytology history. DESIGN: A retrospective study of all cases of cervical carcinoma using a prospectively gathered database. Data validated by 1 in 10 randomised retrospective case note sampling. SETTING: Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. SUBJECTS: Three hundred and sixty-three women resident within Grampian diagnosed as having cervical carcinoma between 1980 and 1991, with five-year survival data on the 206 diagnosed by the end of 1986. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Five-year survival rates. RESULTS: The mean annual incidence of cervical carcinoma in our population was 11.2 per 100,000 women, with an overall five-year survival of 67% in those under 40 years of age and 60% in those aged 40 years and over. On univariate analysis, survival was significantly adversely affected by tumour stage, grade and absence of previous smears. On multivariate analysis, the effect of previous smear history was lost, but stage and grade remained strong independent risk factors for survival. There was no significant difference in five-year survival by age or tumour type. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of cervical carcinoma in Grampian region was independently affected only by stage of disease and tumour grading and cervical smear history.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Optical modelling of light distributions in skin tissue following laser irradiation.

A Monte-Carlo method is used to compute light distributions in a multilayer skin model for variable width finite beams. By means of a 4-layer skin model in which blood may be represented as a discrete layer, vascular lesions such as port wine stains may be studied. Light distributions and thermal profiles are simulated, representing the irradiation of a port wine stain using 577 nm and 585 nm wavelengths. Damage thresholds at 585 nm are found to substantially exceed those predicted at 577 nm, although the nature of the damage differs at the two wavelengths. Variations due to beam width are found to be unimportant if the diameter exceeds 1 mm. The predictions are compared with clinical results, and a novel 5-layer approach based on new optical parameters is adopted to account for discrepancies in epidermal temperature.

Hemangioma↗
PubMed1993

Intraosseous leiomyoma of the mandible: report of a case.

A rare case of intraosseous leiomyoma of the mandible is reported. This is the fourth recorded case involving the mandible. The literature is reviewed and the amenability of the lesion to simple local excision is highlighted.

Actins↗
PubMed1992

A population-based study of microinvasive disease of the cervix--a colposcopic and cytologic analysis.

A study of 61 cases of microinvasion of the cervix occurring in our population between 1980 and 1989 is reported. The mean age of the women was 39 years, compared with 30 years for cervical intraepithelial grade 3 (CIN III) and 47 years for frank invasion, respectively. Colposcopic suspicion of microinvasion was present in 31 cases, giving a sensitivity of colposcopic diagnosis of 50% and a specificity of 91%. In 21 cases (34%) there was no suspicion either cytologically or colposcopically of microinvasion. Colposcopy predicted microinvasion more accurately with increasing depth of invasion. In 28 women there had been previous smears within 10 years available for review. The time interval between the first abnormal smear and the histological diagnosis ranged from 1 month to 9.8 years (mean, 4 years).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in salivary gland tumours: an immunohistochemical study.

Sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary salivary gland tumours were stained with a monoclonal antibody to the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein to determine the incidence and significance of expression of this protein. The series of 131 tumours comprised 33 cases of pleomorphic adenoma, 2 of malignant mixed tumour, 1 oxyphil adenoma, 31 Warthin's tumours, 4 basal cell adenomas, 6 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 14 acinic cell carcinomas, 19 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 3 squamous carcinomas, and 18 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Positive staining, as defined in previous studies, was present in five tumours (three cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, one mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and one adenoid cystic carcinoma). A review of the medical records of all patients did not disclose any clear difference between the clinical behaviour of positive and negative cases over a period of follow-up that ranged from 18 to 120 months. The findings of this study indicate that the protein product of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene is infrequently expressed in salivary gland tumours, and when it is localized on the tumour cell surface membrane, there is no clear evidence that this determines the biological behaviour of the tumour.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1990

Q-switched ruby laser treatment of tattoos; a 9-year experience.

Nine years of clinical experience of the application of the Q-switched ruby laser to the removal of tattoos is presented. This laser achieves optimal removal of blue/black amateur tattoos by its selective interaction with the dermal suspensions of pigment which constitute the tattoos. The scar free cosmesis thus achieved is a considerable improvement on non-specific laser techniques whereby the laser is absorbed to a comparable degree in both pigmented and non-pigmented tissue. Long-term results are analysed and it is noted that a variety of professional tattoos may also respond to treatment. The mechanisms and appearance are discussed and correlated with short-term healing processes. It is found that power densities in the range 1200-2800 GW/m2 are most suitable. Appropriate dosimetry can be witnessed by the appearance of opaque intradermal vacuoles corresponding to the vaporization of the tissue water surrounding the pigment suspensions. Treatment by Q-switched ruby laser offers a viable scar-free option for a wide range of dark tattoos, leading to a more acceptable clinical outcome in most cases than other current therapies.

Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1990

An immunohistochemical characterisation of the inflammatory cell infiltrate in benign and malignant prostatic disease.

The prostate gland is said to be immunologically privileged because it lacks afferent lymphatics and because of the immunosuppressive properties of seminal fluid. To elicit the presence or absence of an immune response within the diseased prostate gland, the infiltrate in prostate glands affected by hyperplasia or adenocarcinoma was phenotypically characterised, using immunohistochemical techniques. An infiltrate, composed mainly of T-lymphocytes (CD-3+), was demonstrated in all glands examined. No difference in the type, level of activation or degree of infiltration was found between those glands affected by hyperplasia (n = 20) and those affected by adenocarcinoma (n = 20). In the malignant cases, there was no correlation between grade (Gleason) or stage (TNM) and the type or degree of mononuclear cell infiltrate. Our findings suggest that the host response, in situ, to hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma is similar and may reflect the fact that the two diseases are often found concurrently in the same gland and in close proximity to one another. The infiltrate, therefore, is unlikely to represent a tumour specific immune response to tumour specific antigens. The significant infiltrate we have demonstrated, and its phenotypic characterisation, would not support the hypothesis that the prostate is immunologically privileged as has been suggested previously.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Inflammatory infiltrate in prostatic hyperplasia--evidence of a host response to intraprostatic spermatozoa?

The inflammatory infiltrate was characterised in 20 samples of prostatic hyperplasia using cell surface specific monoclonal antibodies. The infiltrate was composed predominantly of CD-3+ T-lymphocytes. The distribution of the T-lymphocyte subsets (CD-4 and CD-8) between the epithelial and stromal components of the gland was significantly different, with most of the intra-epithelial infiltrate being CD8+, T cytotoxic/suppressor cells. This may be a necessary immunological barrier, as in the epididymis, to prevent the development of autoimmunisation to sperm antigens. Large numbers of CD4+ T helper/inducer cells and significant numbers of CD-11c+ macrophages were demonstrated in the extra-glandular stromal tissues, suggesting a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. Intraprostatic spermatozoa have been demonstrated recently and we have confirmed this finding on post mortem specimens. It is postulated that the presence of an intra-epithelial cytotoxic barrier and the marked stromal infiltrate may be due, in part, to the intermittent presence of spermatozoa within the prostate.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Epidermal growth factor receptor, nuclear proliferation antigen and interleukin-2 receptor expression in prostatic cancer.

Immunohistochemical methods have been used to study the relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), T-lymphocyte infiltrate, interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression and the degree of cellular proliferation using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. EGF-R was detected in only 2 out of the 19 malignant biopsies, but was present in the benign elements of all twelve of the heterogeneous biopsies examined. The level of immune response, as indicated by the percentage of T cells expressing the IL-2R, did not correlate with the expression of the nuclear proliferation antigen determined by Ki-67 monoclonal antibody staining intensity. This study fails to show a statistically significant correlation between the expression of EGF-R or nuclear proliferation antigen and the degree of the cell mediated immune response to the tumour.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Immunolocalization of prealbumin: distribution in normal human tissue.

Using an indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique we have demonstrated the plasma protein, prealbumin, in the cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Serial sections stained with antisera to glucagon, insulin and somatostatin revealed that the distribution of the prealbumin stained cells matched that of the glucagon A-cells. Absorption and cross-absorption experiments with prealbumin and glucagon showed that the staining was specific. We also found positive staining for prealbumin in single cells in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, mainly stomach and colon, and kidney tubules.

Glucagon↗