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Biomedical subjects

I D Mandel

Publications and source records attributed to I D Mandel.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Lipids of supragingival calculus.

The matrix of supragingival calculus constitutes 15.7% of the calculus dry weight and contains 54.9% protein and 10.2% lipids. Of the total lipids, 61.8% are represented by neutral lipids, 28% by glycolipids, and 10.2% by phospholipids. The neutral lipids exhibit a high content of free fatty acids (63.9%) and triglycerides (15.8%). The glycolipids are comprised of simple glycosphingolipids (17.2%), mainly lactosyl- and glucosylceramides, and of neutral and sulfated glyceroglucolipids (82.8%). The phospholipids contain large quantities of phosphatidylethanolamine (34.2%) and diphosphatidylglycerol (25.5%). Comparison with salivary and submandibular stone lipids indicates that both saliva and bacteria contribute to the lipid content of supragingival calculus.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1983

Lipid composition of human parotid salivary gland stones.

The parotid gland stone matrix constitutes 20.2% of the stone dry weight and contains 8.5% of lipids. Of the total lipids, 74% are represented by neutral lipids, 17% by glycolipids, and 9% by phospholipids. The neutral lipids exhibit a high content of free fatty acids (52.7%) and cholesteryl esters (31.1%). The glycolipids are composed of simple glycosphingolipids (7.1%), and of neutral and sulfated glyceroglucolipids (92.9%). Phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol are the principal constituents of the phospholipid fraction.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1983

The salivary lactoperoxidase system in caries-resistant and -susceptible adults.

In a comparative study of caries-resistant and -susceptible adults, no significant differences were found in the concentrations of lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate, and pre-formed hypothiocyanite in parotid and submandibular saliva, or in hypothiocyanite formed in expectorated saliva over a 60-minute period. The concentrations per se of these components are not critical determinants of caries resistance or susceptibility. Thiocyanate concentration was higher in both unstimulated parotid and submandibular saliva than in the respective stimulated secretions. At comparable flow rates, parotid values were higher than submandibular.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Quantitation of human salivary acidic proline-rich proteins in oral diseases.

Acidic proline-rich proteins (APRP) were quantitated immunochemically in salivary secretions from groups of: caries-resistant (CR) and caries-susceptible (CS) subjects; heavy- and light-calculus-formers; and patients with Sjögren's Syndrome, drug-induced xerostomia, and recurrent parotitis. In all groups except the parotitis patients, there were comparable levels of APRP, about 40-50 mg%, with similar values in parotid and submandibular saliva. In chronic recurrent parotitis, the values were somewhat higher (about 60 mg%). There were no differences in the proportion of APRP-A to C in a subset of CR and CS. Taken as a whole, the data support the view that the secretion of APRP is stable and that caries status and propensity to calculus formation are not associated with abnormal levels of these phosphoproteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparative growth responses of oral streptococci on mixed saliva or the separate submandibular and parotid secretions from caries-active and caries-free individuals.

Growth of S. mutans on mixed or parotid saliva from CF individuals may be influenced by the availability of growth-supportive proteins or the inhibitory activity present in parotid saliva. A deficiency in growth-supportive proteins may explain the limited growth of S. sanguis on mixed or submandibular saliva from these individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A longitudinal study of periodontal disease in patients with reduced immunocapacity.

The periodontal status of renal transplant patients on immunosuppressant drug therapy was compared with that of an age matched normal group over a period of 2 to 4 1/2 years. Gingival Index, Plaque Index, and Periodontal Destruction Index were used as measures of comparison. Over this period of time the Gingival Index of the immunosuppressed patients increased significantly when compared to the normals. There was a significant increase in the mean Plaque Index for both groups during the study period. The increase was greater in the immunosuppressed group. However, the difference in the Plaque Index for the two groups was not significant. There was little change in the Periodontal Destruction Index in both groups over time. The results of this study indicate that there is little difference in the rate of periodontal destruction between patients taking immunosuppressant drugs and normal patients. These findings, taken in conjunction with other recent reports, would seem to indicate that T cells play a minor role in the etiology of periodontal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Lysozyme and lactoferrin quantitation in the crevicular fluid.

This study was designed to determine if quantitation of lysosomal products in crevicular fluid may be useful as a diagnostic test to evaluate clinical status in periodontal disease. Levels of lysozyme and lactoferrin were quantitated in crevicular fluid from patients with gingivitis, generalized adult periodontitis, localized juvenile periodontitis and normals. Crevicular fluid (CF) was collected from each patient by standardized filter paper strips and evaluated for lysozyme and lactoferrin by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Levels of lysozyme (micrograms of protein per microliter of CF) were significantly higher in localized juvenile periodontitis patients as compared to gingivitis and adult periodontitis. On the other hand, levels of lactoferrin (micrograms of protein per microliter of CF) did not show significant differences between gingivitis, adult periodontitis and localized juvenile periodontitis. These results indicate that a lysozyme to lactoferrin ratio could be of value as a diagnostic test for localized juvenile periodontitis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Lipid composition of human parotid and submandibular saliva from caries-resistant and caries-susceptible adults.

The lipid content and composition of parotid and submandibular saliva from caries-resistant (DMFS of 0) and caries-susceptible (DMFS greater than 15) adults was investigated. Lipids were extracted from dialysed and lyophilized saliva, collected from 10 subjects in each group, and fractionated into neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. The lipids in each fraction were separated into individual components by thin-layer chromatography and quantitated. The parotid and submandibular saliva of caries-resistant subjects contained 37 and 35 per cent fewer lipids/100 ml of saliva than that of the caries-susceptible group, and had less (p less than 0.001) neutral lipids and phospholipids. The neutral lipids of caries-resistant saliva contained (mg/100 ml of saliva) considerably (p less than 0.001) fewer free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The glycolipids consisted exclusively of glyceroglucolipids and their content was similar in both groups. The content of phospholipids in the salivas of the caries-resistant was 25 and 33 per cent lower than that of the caries-susceptible. The data suggest a relationship between the level of lipids in salivary secretions and resistance to caries.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Lipid composition of the matrix of human submandibular salivary gland stones.

The lyophilized stone matrix, prepared by exhaustive dialysis of pulverized stones against 10 per cent EDTA and water, yielded 9.6 +/- 0.9 mg per cent of lipids. Following fractionation of the lipid extract on silicic acid columns, 57 per cent of lipids were found in the neutral lipid fraction, 40 per cent in the glycolipid fraction and 3 per cent in the phospholipid fraction. Of the total neutral lipids, 77.3 per cent were represented by free fatty acids, 14.7 per cent by cholesterol, 4.1 per cent by triglycerides and 3.2 per cent by cholesterol esters. The glycolipid fraction was comprised of simple glycosphingolipids (11.3 per cent), mainly lactosyl- and glucosylceramides, and of neutral and sulphated glyceroglucolipids (88.7 per cent). The sulphated glyceroglucolipids consisted of tri- and tetraglucosyl glyceroglucolipids, whereas hexa- and octaglucosyl glyceroglucolipids were the predominant constituents of the neutral glyceroglucolipid fraction. The phospholipids exhibited a high content of sphingomyelin (22.3 per cent), phosphatidylcholine (12.1 per cent), phosphatidylethanolamine (11.4 per cent), phosphatidylserine (10.5 per cent) and lysophosphatidylcholine (13.3 per cent). The major fatty acids of the neutral lipid fraction were hexadecanoate, octadecanoate and octadecenoate. The glycolipids contained large quantities of hexadecanoate and tetracosanoate, while the hexadecanoate, octadecanoate and tetracosanoate were the principal fatty acids of the phospholipid fraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Role of salivary mucins in the protection of the oral cavity.

Mucins are the principal organic constituents of mucus, the slimy visco-elastic material that coats all mucosal surfaces. Compelling evidence suggests that they play an integral role in non-immune protection of the oral cavity. Specific protective functions include: 1) protection against desiccation and environmental insult, 2) lubrication, and 3) antimicrobial effects against potential pathogens. Biosynthesis of mucin is regulated by both intrinsic ("cooperative sequential specificity") and extrinsic ("structural modulation") controls. These controls form the basis by which mucin's structure can be modified to meet a dynamically changing biological need.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

Enhanced saliva-mediated bacterial aggregation and decreased bacterial adhesion in caries-resistant versus caries-susceptible individuals.

A study of saliva-mediated aggregation and adhesion has been carried out in a group of caries-resistant (CR) and caries-susceptible (CS) individuals. The submandibular saliva of the CS group had a much greater potency, as determined by dilution, in promoting adherence to hydroxyapatite beads than did the saliva of CR group. In contrast, the CR group demonstrated a twofold enhancement of saliva-mediated aggregation compared with the CS group. These observations support the hypothesis that saliva-mediated aggregation and adherence are important factors in caries resistance.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1982

Comparative plaque acidogenesis of caries-resistant vs. caries-susceptible adults.

The authors conducted a comparative study of plaque acids in three-day fasting or resting plaque samples from ten pairs of caries-resistant (CR) and caries-susceptible (CS) subjects chewing a sucrose gum for a period of 45 min. The study disclosed two important differences: 1) The amount and rate of production of lactic acid were lower in the CR group, especially at ten min; and 2) in contrast to lactic acid levels, the level of acetic acid was significantly higher in the CR group at zero time (before chewing), and after 20 and 45 min of chewing the sucrose gum. Both the lower levels of lactic acid and the higher levels of acetic acid are (paradoxically) consistent with the higher plaque pH values reported for CR when compared to CS subjects. High pK' acids (such as acetic, as well as propionic and butyric) can provide a buffering system (acetate-acetic acid) capable of countering the pH decrement generated by the low pK' acids (lactic, formic and pyruvic).

Acetates↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of cysteine-containing phosphoproteins from human submandibular-sublingual saliva.

Members of a family of acidic proteins taken from human submandibular-sublingual saliva were designated cysteine-containing phosphoproteins, since they could be distinguished from other salivary phosphoproteins by the presence of half-cystine. These molecules consisted of a single peptide chain of approximately 14,000 daltons. Their isoelectric points ranged from 4.3 to 5.9. Two groups (C2 and C3) were O-phosphorylated. Their charge heterogeneity was apparently due to variations in content of phosphate and acidic and basic amino acids.

Animals↗