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Biomedical subjects

I Chalmers

Publications and source records attributed to I Chalmers.

141 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Obstetric practice and outcome of pregnancy in Cardiff residents 1965-73.

Trends in management and outcome of pregnancy in Cardiff residents from 1965 to 1973 were reviewed. The mean age and parity of parturients fell. Hospital delivery became almost universal, monitoring the fetus during pregnancy was introduced, and induction and acceleration of labour became commonplace. These developments were not associated with any striking change in either the total perinatal death rate or the timing or cause of perinatal death. Possibly a real change in perinatal mortality between 1965 and 1973 was masked by random fluctuation of small numbers, or possibly factors peculiar to the Cardiff population prevented a decrease in perinatal mortality that would otherwise have resulted from improved medical care. Only by large-scale randomised trials can the true value of induction and other medical developments be assessed.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of different approaches to obstetric care: Part 1.

The obstetric management and results obtained by two obstetric teams working in the Cardiff Maternity Hospital over a five-year period are compared. One team had a more active approach to induction of labour and antepartum monitoring with urinary oestrogen assay and serial ultrasound cephalometry than the other. After controlling for differences in the attributes of the two groups of patients treated, it was not possible to show any striking advantage or disadvantage of the more active approach.

Erythroblastosis, Fetal↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of different approaches to obstetric care: Part II.

The obstetric management and outcome of normal patients presenting to two obstetric teams working in the Cardiff Maternity Hospital are compared over a five-year period. One team induced labour with amniotomy and oxytocin infusion three times more frequently than the other. No advantage or disadvantage of this practice was demonstrated using various measures of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The implications of these findings are discussed together with those of two previously reported observational studies. The need for experimental research in perinatal medicine is stressed.

Amnion↗
PubMed1975

Use of oxytocin and incidence of neonatal jaundice.

A retrospective controlled study using data from the Cardiff Births Survey examined a possible relation between oxytocin administration to induce or accelerate labour and the subsequent development of neonatal jaundice. Among 10 591 infants born in Cardiff between 1970 and 1972 the incidence of neonatal jaundice was higher in infants born after oxytocin administration than among others. Analysis by gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Apgar score, length of labour, sedative and analgesic therapy during labour, and suppression of lactation showed that this association held within all these categories except among small immature infants, who are at high risk of jaundice in any case.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The Cochrane Collaboration: the need for international collaboration].

The Cochrane Collaboration has undergone an unexpected growth since its inauguration during an international meeting in 1993. This collaboration was established in response to the criticisms of a British physician, Archie Cochrane, who criticised the medical profession because it had not organised a critical summary of all relevant randomised controlled trials. The driving force of the collaboration is the collaborative review groups who collect, sort and synthesize data concerning treatment efficacy in their particular area of interest. The Cochrane Centres and the Field Coordinations help them to do this and together the produce the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The need for international cooperation is obvious because the information necessary to this system is produced throughout the world, and only some of this information is published.

Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic↗