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Biomedical subjects

I Avni

Publications and source records attributed to I Avni.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The effect of changes in intraocular pressure on corneal curvature after radial keratotomy in the rabbit eye.

Standard radial keratotomy was performed in both eyes of 18 rabbits. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was raised by injection of saline solution into the vitreous cavity at different times after surgery: 8 eyes at one, two, and six weeks and 12 eyes at four months. Keratometric readings at 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mmHg were recorded by three independent observers in a masked fashion. The same procedure was performed in eight eyes that had no surgery, as controls. Increments in IOP correlated with significant reductions in corneal power at all times after surgery and for all IOP values in the operated eyes. No changes were observed in the control eyes. The results indicate that variations in IOP, even within physiological limits, may cause changes in corneal curvature after radial keratotomy, and that patients with wide fluctuations in IOP could present a higher risk for postoperative fluctuation in visual acuity after this refractive procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of K-Sol and M-K medium for cornea storage: results of penetrating keratoplasty in rabbits.

Five pairs of rabbit corneas were stored for two weeks at 4 degrees C, one of each pair in K-Sol medium, and one in McCarey-/Kaufman (M-K) medium. After transplantation all penetrating keratoplasty grafts became clear and thin. Endothelial cell loss was significantly less in the K-Sol stored corneas. Another five pairs of corneas were stored for two weeks in K-Sol or three days in M-K medium. After penetrating keratoplasty there were no significant differences in clarity, thickness, or endothelial cell loss. The results indicate that K-Sol provides satisfactory medium-term corneal storage compared with short-term storage in M-K medium at refrigerator temperatures.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Rapid visualization of three common fungi using fluorescein-conjugated lectins.

The feasibility of using fluorescein-conjugated lectins to visualize and differentiate three fungi commonly involved in ophthalmic mycoses was evaluated. Using a panel of fluorescein-conjugated lectins, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Fusarium solani were rapidly and reproducibly visualized in in vitro culture isolates, as well as in tissue samples and fixed histopathologic specimens taken from experimental mycoses. Additionally, Aspergillus and Fusarium were consistently differentiated from Candida. The binding affinities of the different lectins corresponded well with the individual sugar composition of the fungal cell walls.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Calcofluor and ink-potassium hydroxide preparations for identifying fungi.

Calcofluor and ink-potassium hydroxide preparations identified Fusarium solani, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Candida albicans, the three most common ocular fungal pathogens, in scrapings, biopsy specimens, and tissue sections of corneal mycotic infections in rabbits. These stains also identified fungal organisms in specimens from four human patients with keratomycoses. Neither procedure requires more than a few minutes to perform or extensive training or experience to interpret. The specimen stained with calcofluor can be examined immediately, but may not identify all fungi. The more sensitive ink-potassium hydroxide preparation should be examined after 18 to 24 hours, and is less likely to provide false-positive results than the calcofluor method.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cefsulodin levels in the human aqueous humor.

Subconjunctival administration of cefsulodin sodium (100 mg), but not systemic administration (500 mg), provided therapeutic concentrations in the primary aqueous humor of 22 patients who underwent cataract surgery. Therapeutic concentrations of cefsulodin persisted in the aqueous humor for at least five hours after subconjunctival administration of the agent.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Topical treatment of periocular basal cell epithelioma with solcoderm.

25 patients with 29 histologically confirmed periocular basal cell epitheliomas were treated by topical application of Solcoderm, a solution of organic and inorganic acids and ions. The cure rate of the 29 lesions, which were followed for a mean period of 32 months, was 80%. The overall cure rate following second Solcoderm treatment of the 6 recurrent lesions was 96.7%. The cosmetic and functional results were excellent and there were no serious complications and side effects.

Acetates↗
PubMed1983

Indications for the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of corneal alkali burns.

We produced alkali burns (1.5 N NaOH) in the right eyes of 63 mice. Three weeks later the left eye of each mouse was similarly burned. All eyes were followed up weekly for 4 weeks after the burn and were graded according to the severity of the lesion. The lesions developed much faster and were more severe in the left eyes. These results suggest that the body's immune mechanism participates in the pathogenesis of alkali corneal burns and adversely affects the development of this condition.

Alkalies↗
PubMed1982

Epithelial invasion of the anterior chamber following repeated keratoplasty.

A 17-year-old man underwent five perforating keratoplasties. The first operation was due to keratoconus and the first two grafts were rejected. Five months after the second operation, the patient complained of severe ocular pains and retrocorneal and iris membranes were noted. Because of acute glaucoma, a peripheral iridectomy was performed, followed by by trabeculectomy due to persistent high pressure. After the third keratoplasty, a diagnosis of epithelial downgrowth was histopathologically established. Fourth and fifth keratoplasties were done because of corneal abscesses, this time combined with membrane peeling from the vitreous cavity. Epithelial cells were diagnosed again in histopathological examination of material removed from the vitreous. The rarity of epithelial downgrowth after surgically uncomplicated keratoplasty and the importance of the symptom of severe disabling pain are stressed.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular hypotensive effects of cholinergic and adrenergic drugs may be influenced by prostaglandins E2 in the human and rabbit eye.

PURPOSE: Increased PGE2 production by the iris and ciliary body regulate intraocular pressure (IOP) in vivo. Various cholinergic and adrenergic compounds are traditionally used as antiglaucoma drugs, and their effect on IOP reduction is antagonised by cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indicating a role for eicosanoids in their hypotensive activity. One of the most potent antiglaucoma drugs, PG2 alpha (Latanoprost), reduces IOP by increasing uveoscleral outflow and also increases PGE2 production by the iris and ciliary body in vivo. We investigated whether cholinergic and adrenergic antiglaucoma drugs induce the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in vitro by: 1) the iris-ciliary body (ICB) of rabbits and, 2) irises of glaucoma patients. METHODS: Pilocarpine 2%, epinephrine 1% and echothiophate iodide 0.125% were applied topically to both eyes of Albino rabbits. Control groups were treated with the corresponding vehicles, or untreated completely. Human iris specimens were obtained from nine untreated cataract eyes, and five eyes under antiglaucoma medication undergoing surgery. PGE2 were determined by a radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: PGE2 production by the ICB of treated rabbits in vitro was twice that of vehicle-treated or untreated rabbit eyes (p<0.001, for either group). In vitro PGE2 production by treated glaucoma patients' irises was three times higher (p<0.001) than in cataract control patients. CONCLUSIONS: The study found an increase in in vitro production of PGE2 by the irises of eyes treated with cholinergic and adrenergic antiglaucoma medications. This suggests a role for endogenous PG production in the hypotensive effect of both classes of drug.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drug induced myopia associated with treatment for gynecological problems.

We present three cases of women who developed acute transient myopia caused by drugs for gynecological problems. One patient was treated with disothiazide for premenstrual edema. The second had acute cystitis and was treated by sulphonamide and the third developed myopia coincident with metronidazole treatment for trichomonas vaginalis. We followed these patients by A scan ultrasonographic ocular measurements, documenting reduction of the anterior chamber depth combined with lens thickening. The ocular and myopic changes cleared up completely on discontinuation of the causative agent. The possible mechanism is thought to be an allergic reaction to the drug.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transformation of corneal epithelial cyst into anterior chamber implantation cyst and scleral cyst: a rare occurrence.

An 8-year-old boy underwent a penetrating keratoplasty for a corneal epithelial cyst. After surgery an anterior chamber implantation cyst appeared. Repeated Neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser treatments failed to eradicate this cyst; it later extended into the sclera together with the collapse of the anterior chamber cyst. The possible mechanism underlying the development of these cysts is discussed.

Anterior Chamber↗