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Biomedical subjects

I Avni

Publications and source records attributed to I Avni.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Corneal graft rejection after neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser posterior capsulotomy.

Neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd-YAG) laser capsulotomy was performed in three patients with corneal graft. Acute corneal graft rejection was noted in these patients 4 weeks to 4 months after posterior capsulotomy. In one patient, enlargement of the capsulotomy opening was followed by a second episode of corneal graft rejection. We discuss the complications of Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy, and its possible role as a cause for corneal graft rejection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Silicone oil-induced corneal hydrops?

A 27-year-old man with a personality disorder, who did not have keratoconus previously, recently presented with a clinical picture resembling acute corneal hydrops OS three years after silicone oil injection for a complicated retinal detachment. Although self-induced trauma could not be excluded completely, this case might represent a newly described late corneal complication of intracameral silicone oil.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The corneal disk: a new keratoscopic device.

An inexpensive instrument for rapid intraoperative or postoperative evaluation of corneal astigmatism is presented. Its ease of use and availability make it an ideal adjunct to cataract and corneal surgical procedures in which minimal postoperative astigmatism is desired.

Astigmatism↗
PubMed1991

Maintaining nearly physiologic intraocular pressure levels prior to tying the sutures during cataract surgery reduces surgically-induced astigmatism.

We sought to determine whether maintaining nearly physiologic levels of intraocular pressure (IOP) before the final tying of sutures in cataract surgery can help minimize postoperative-induced astigmatism. We compared the postoperative astigmatic decay curves of two similar groups of 18 patients who had undergone cataract surgery, in one of which IOP had been maintained at 17 mm Hg prior to the final tying of sutures, and in the other of which the eyes were hypotonus (3 mm Hg) at this point. Initial with-the-rule cylinder change was significantly less and astigmatic decay occurred earlier in the former group.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Risk factors associated with late infection of filtering blebs and endophthalmitis.

Late infection of filtering blebs and endophthalmitis are hazardous complications of glaucoma filtering surgery frequently associated with bleb failure and loss of functional vision. To determine possible risk factors for the development of these complications, characteristics of nine eyes of nine patients after filtering surgery in whom late endophthalmitis developed were compared with those in patients who had received a comparable operation at the same time in whom endophthalmitis did not develop. An average of 7.7 +/- 6.2 years (range, 6 months to 18 years) elapsed between the time of the filtering procedure and the initial appearance of endophthalmitis. Factors associated with increased risk were: increased axial length, thin and leaky bleb, conjunctivitis, upper respiratory infection, and the winter season.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Posterior penetrating ocular injury].

The management of posterior penetrating ocular trauma includes thorough preoperative evaluation and exploration and careful debridement with excision or repositioning of the uvea. Vitreous incarceration should be avoided and the sclera and cornea should be reapproximated. Preventive antibiotic and steroid therapy are indicated. Vitreoretinal evaluation includes CT scan, ultrasonography and electroretinography. Vitrectomy should be performed within 5-10 days after injury when there is retinal detachment, an opaque vitreous, extensive vitreous hemorrhage, double perforating injuries, or a reactive foreign body. When there is endophthalmitis or chalcosis, vitrectomy should be performed earlier. A 22-year-old man with severe penetrating trauma of the eye is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Epikeratophakia surgery for refractive errors and keratoconus].

Epikeratophakia surgery is a relatively new surgical technique which involves suturing of prelathed corneal tissue on top of the recipient's cornea. The epikeratophakia lens is lathed according to the recipient's refractive needs and therefore can correct myopia and hyperopia; a plano lenticle can be used to correct keratoconus. In the past 3 years we operated on 25 patients (27 eyes). There were 11 cases of myopia, 7 of aphakia and 7 of keratoconus. The aphakic (hyperopic) group included patients with aphakia and traumatic aphakia in whom secondary implantation of an intraocular lens was contraindicated or who were contact-lens intolerant. In the myopic group, the average correction of 18.3 diopters improved to -1.9 diopters after surgery, and in the hyperopic-aphakic group from +10.9 diopters to +1.1 diopters. In the keratoconus group there was also marked improvement after surgery. There was no major complication during or after surgery. Epikeratophakia surgery is a reversible, extraocular procedure, which is fairly simple technically, does not cause immunological rejection, and gives fairly good results in certain refractive errors and in keratoconus.

Aphakia↗
PubMed1989

Epikeratophakia after ocular trauma.

Five patients with long-standing monocular traumatic aphakia and contact lens intolerance underwent epikeratophakia. This procedure was chosen to rehabilitate the visual function in those eyes that exhibited distorted anterior segment anatomy after trauma. Three of the patients had corneal scars associated with their old perforation wounds, and all of them had undergone an intracapsular cataract extraction soon after their original injuries. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/50 or better in all cases before surgery. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity improved to within two lines of the best-corrected preoperative visual acuity, after a minimum follow-up period of six months. No intraoperative complications were noted. One cornea developed late-onset partial scarring of the interface in the area of the original scar, but the process arrested spontaneously.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Nd: YAG laser treatment of anterior chamber implantation cysts.

The development of an epithelial implantation cyst is a severe complication of anterior segment surgery and trauma. Two patients with anterior chamber implantation cysts were treated with Nd: YAG laser. One required surgical correction as the cyst reformed after each of 6 laser treatment sessions. In the other patient, the cyst reformed once, and has not recurred for 18 months since the second laser treatment. Collapse of anterior chamber implantation cysts can be achieved with Nd: YAG laser, though multiple treatment sessions may be required due to the cyst's tendency to reform.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The intravitreal penetration of cefotaxime in man following systemic and subconjunctival administrations.

Of 30 patients scheduled to undergo elective vitreal surgery, five received a single dose of 1000 mg of cefotaxime intramuscularly and 25 received 100 mg subconjuctivally. Specimens of serum and vitreous were collected from 30 minutes to five hours after drug administration, and were assayed for cetotaxime concentration by bioassay and high pressure liquid chromatography. In the five patients who received the intramuscular dose, no cefotaxime or its major metabolite could be detected in the vitreous. In the 25 patients who received the subconjunctival dose, cefotaxime or its metabolite could be only detected in patients with aphakia or in those who previously underwent vitreal surgery. Cefotaxime in intramuscular administration should not be relied upon as appropriate prophylaxis for vitreal surgery. Cefotaxime in subconjunctival administration reaches therapeutic levels in the vitreous only in previously operated eyes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Lectins for the identification of ocular bacterial pathogens.

In a preliminary in vitro investigation, fluorescein-conjugated lectins were used in the identification of bacteria commonly involved in ocular infections. Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Strep. pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Hemophilus influenzae, and Proteus mirabilis were incubated with each of eleven lectins using a slide technique. Bacterial fluorescence was readily observed with a fluorescence microscope. All clinical isolates bound wheat germ agglutinin. The Gram-positive isolates bound Concanavalin A, while the Gram-negative isolates did not, with rare exceptions. Streptococcal species isolates reacted with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, while staphylococcal species isolates did not. Lectins may be useful in furthering the initial identification of causative organisms in bacterial ocular infections.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

Antibacterial effect of donor corneas stored in gentamicin-enriched McCarey-Kaufman medium.

Penetrating keratoplasty was performed on five pairs of rabbit eyes; one eye of each animal received a donor cornea stored in McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium containing gentamicin, and the contralateral eye received a donor cornea stored in M-K medium without gentamicin. At the end of surgery, dilutions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were introduced into the anterior chamber of both eyes. The eyes receiving gentamicin-enriched corneas showed mild to moderate infection; the contralateral eyes showed significantly more severe infection. The results indicated that donor corneas stored in gentamicin-enriched M-K medium inhibit the growth of bacteria acquired at the time of surgery and thus may improve the safety of such transplantation procedures.

Animals↗