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Biomedical subjects

H Yoshimura

Publications and source records attributed to H Yoshimura.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

A simple colorimetric method for determination of serum triglycerides with lipoprotein lipase and glycerol dehydrogenase.

A simplified enzymic procedure to determine accurately serum triglycerides is described. Serum triglycerides are hydrolyzed completely to free fatty acids and glycerol by lipoprotein lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. The released glycerol is oxidized with glycerol dehydrogenase from Erwinia aroideae in the presence of NAD+, were the reduction of the enzyme-linked NAD+ is coupled to the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium as a chromogenic indicator with phenazine methosulfate serving as an intermediate electron carrier of NADH. The absorbance at 570 nm is measured. The method requies only 20 microliter of serum and a 10-min incubation and is rapid and simple. The present method offers the measurement of a high concentration of triglyceride up to 1000 mg/dl serum. The results obtained by the present method show good correlation with those obtained by the glycerol kinase method (correlation coefficient, 0.989) or the acetylacetone method (correlation coefficient, 0.979). These results suggest that the proposed method will be utilized as a method or routine clinical test.

Colorimetry↗
PubMed1977

Biochemical correlates in mouse-killing behavior of the rat: prolonged isolation and brain cholinergic function.

After 30 days of isolation, 45% of the rats exhibited mouse-killing behavior. The killing response was suppressed by atropine (5 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg, IP) and scopolamine (8 mg/kg, IP), whereas methylatropine was ineffective. Acetylcholine (ACh) content and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were measured in 5 discrete areas of rat brain. As compared with the aggregated rats only the killer rats exhibited higher ACh levels in the diencephalon. The activity of AChE in all brain areas was unchanged by isolation; no significant difference was found between the killer and nonkiller rats. These results suggest that central cholinergic mechanisms participate in the mediation of mouse-killing behavior in the rat.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1977

A case of renal transplant recipient complicated with cryptococcosis and amphotericin B induced acute tubular necrosis.

An adult renal transplant recipient was complicated with cryptococcal lung granuloma and meningitis. Treatment with the antifungal agents, 5-fluorocytocin and clotrimazole had to be discontinued due to side effects. Whereas, the intrathecal administration of amphotericin B proved effective for meningitis but intravenously it induced acute tubular necrosis to the transplanted kidney. In order to cure the persistant fungal lung granulomas in renal transplant patients early surgical excision seems to be essential.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1977

[Behavioral effects of 5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (ID-690)].

Effects on the central nervous system of ID-690, a new benzodiazepine derivative were investigated and compared mainly with those of diazepam in mice and rats. Locomotor activity of the rat was increased with ID-690, at doses of 2 approximately 5 mg/kg p.o., as with diazepam. ID-690 was approximately 5 times more potent than diazepam in inhibiting fighting behavior of long-term isolated mice. Hyperemotionality induced by either septal lesions or olfactory bulbectomy was also inhibited by ID-690. This effect was almost the same in potency as that of diazepam. ID-690 was only 1/30 as potent as diazepam in preventing maximal electroshock convulsion, while it was approximately 18 times more potent that diazepam in suppressing pentetrazol convulsion in mice. ID-690 was approximately 5 times as potent as diazepam in impairing rotarod performance in mice. The muscle relaxant effect of ID-690 was approximately 10 times as potent as diazepam, as measured with an inclined screen test in mice. Thus the effect of ID-690, as compared with diazepam, was characterized by its relatively potent muscle relaxant and extremely potent anti-pentetrazol convulsant action.

Agonistic Behavior↗
PubMed1977

Relation of protein nutrition to the reduction of red blood cells induced by physical training.

Sports anemia induced by tennis training or exercising on a bicycle ergometer was studied in healthy male students. Since the anemia has been attributed to an increased susceptibility of red blood cells to lysis during exercise and influence by the nutritional status of the individuals has been suggested, the relation of sports anemia to the nutritional conditions of the subjects and to osmotic fragility of red cells were studied in groups by controlling protein levels in diets. Anemia was most pronounced and the recovery from it was most prolonged in subjects with low protein diets, while it was least pronounced and the recovery was most rapid in subjects with high protein diets. The extent of increase in osmotic fragility of red cells was highest in subjects with low protein diets, and lowest in subjects with high protein diets. The erythropoietic responses to the exercise were different among the dietary groups; i.e., an early increase in blood reticulocytes in subjects with high protein diets and a late increase in subjects with low protein diets were observed during the course of training. From above observations, we conclude that the extent of anemia is closely related to protein intake from the diets and that it is one of adaptive processes of individuals to stenuous physical training rather than an exaggeration of the physiological process of erythrocyte destruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of physical characteristics, body temperature and basal metabolism between Thai and Japanese in a neutral temperature zone.

The aim of this research is to compare the physical status, basal metabolism and some other physiological characteristics between native Thai in Bangkok, Thailand, and native Japanese in Japan, and discuss the results regarding acclimatization to tropical climate. Measurements of the Thai were made in September in Bangkok, while those of native Japanese were done in August at Nishinomiya (Japan). The subjects were adult males (20-22 years old) in both cases. Physically the Thai are generally a little shorter and more slender than Japanese in the mean value. The mean skinfold thickness for Thai was 8.4 mm, which is significantly less than that of Japanese (11.0 mm). The mean oral temperature measured under basal conditions was the same between both subject groups. The Thai showed a slightly lower basal metabolism per unit body surface, and mean skin temperature measured in a similar environmental condition was lower for Thai than for Japanese. The results of anthropometric measurements and physiological characteristics measured were discussed in view of physiology of acclimatization ot tropical climate.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1976

Cis-trans isomerization of nitrofuran derivatives by xanthine oxidase.

Enzymatic cis-trans isomerization of nitrofuran derivatives was 3-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-(2-furyl)-demonstrated with milk xanthine oxidase. acrylamide (AF-2) and 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-(5-bromo-2-furyl)acrylamide (NFBFA) were mainly converted from the cis to the trans form by this enzyme supplemented with an electron donor. This enzymatic reaction was further characterized with respect to its cofactor requirements. Finally, a new cis-trans isomerization mechanism, which is based on transfer of a single electron by a nitroreductase such as xanthine oxidase to a nitrofuran derivative to give the anion free radical, was proposed.

Air↗