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Biomedical subjects

H Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to H Yoshida.

At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Transient cortical blindness following bypass graft angiography. A case report.

Transient cortical blindness, an uncommonly recognized complication of cerebral angiography, is an exceedingly rare event after cardiac catheterization and angiography. This report describes a sixty-two-year-old patient who had transient cortical blindness following bypass graft angiography. In this case, the authors showed that cortical blindness was associated with the breakage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and an increase in vascular permeability rather than with primary cerebral circulatory insufficiency. When the possibility exists that an excess volume of contrast medium may enter the cerebral circulation as in this case, that is, following a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using the internal mammary artery (IMA), precautionary measures may be necessary such as changing the type of contrast medium to be used or decreasing the volume injected. When cortical blindness occurs, it is a serious clinical problem whether transient or permanent. Therefore, the circumstances leading to this complication should be understood to determine suitable treatment and management.

Blindness↗
PubMed1995

Synthesis and pharmacological effects in mice of halogenated cannabinol derivatives.

Eight halogenated derivatives of cannabinol (CBN) substituted on the aromatic ring at the 2 and/or 4 position were synthesized and their pharmacological effects were evaluated by intracerebroventricular injection (50 micrograms/mouse) in mice, using hypothermia, pentobarbital-induced sleep prolongation, catalepsy and anticonvulsant effect as indices. The hypothermic effects of monohalogenated derivatives of CBN were comparable to that of CBN, whereas the effects of dihalogenated derivatives of CBN except for the fluorinated derivative were attenuated. In the interaction with pentobarbital, two monochlorinated derivatives exhibited a significant prolongation of sleeping time, although other derivatives did not significantly affect the sleeping time. The cataleptogenic effects of monofluoro- and 4-bromo-CBN were stronger than that of CBN. 4-Bromo-CBN exhibited a significant prolongation of seizure latency induced by pentylenetetrazol. These data suggest that halogenation of CBN modifies the pharmacological profile of the cannabinoid.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Synthesis of sulfated cerebroside analogs having mimicks of ceramide and their anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activities.

Various sulfated cerebroside analogs, which are mimicks of cerebroside, have been prepared from per-O-acetylated D-glucose, per-O-acetylated D-galactose, and per-O-acetylated D-lactose with ethyleneglycol dodecyl ether, 3-docosyloxy-1-propanol, 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-O-dimyristyl-1,3-propanediol, and L-serine diamide derivatives as ceramide moieties. The synthesized sulfated glycolipids showed anti-HIV-1 activities.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Relationships between biting force and the morphology of the maxilloface].

The maximum biting force of 40 male students aged 26.1 +/- 3.9 years was assessed to evaluate the relationships between biting force and the morphology of the maxilloface. The evaluations were made using roentgenographic cephalogram measurements and oral model measurements. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The subjects who had strong maximum biting force (MBF) were those with high posterior facial height, high posterior inferior facial height, long length from the Ar-Me line to the gonion, and long length between the adhesion of the masseteric muscles. 2. The subjects who had strong MBF had a small gonial angle, and their occlusal plane and mandibular plane approached the anterior cranial base and eye-ear-plane, that is, the subjects with strong MBF were considered to be persons with a deep overbite. 3. There was a significant positive correlation between MBF and discrepancy values using oral model measurements (p < 0.01). No significant correlations were noted between MBF and the sum of teeth size. 4. There was a significant positive correlation between MBF and maximum grip strength (p < 0.01), back strength (p < 0.01) and the long jump (p < 0.05), and there was a significant negative correlation between MBF and 50m running (p < 0.01), but no significant correlations were noted between MBF and 1500m running.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effects of Ca-antagonists on oxidative susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL).

Twelve adults (age 32-61 years) with essential hypertension were recruited from the outpatient clinics of National Defense Medical College hospital to serve as subjects in the present study. They were treated with nilvadipine, a Ca-antagonist, 4 mg b.i.d. for 4 weeks. LDL samples were isolated by ultracentrifugation at the beginning (week 0) and at the end (week 4) of the treatment regimen. The formation of conjugated dienes was measured by incubating 100 micrograms of LDL protein with 2 mumol CuSO4 in 2 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS). There were no significant differences between lipids levels, composition and anti-oxidant levels of LDL at weeks 0 and 4. The lag time of LDL oxidation was 71.1 +/- 11.3 min at week 0 and 81.3 +/- 13.2 min at week 4 (p < 0.05). In vitro studies of LDL oxidation, evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and by agarose electrophoretic mobility, indicated that nilvadipine inhibited the oxidative modification of LDL while amlodipine, used as control, did not. Nilvadipine, a lipophilic Ca-antagonist, significantly prolonged the lag time of conjugated diene formation of LDL by 12.6% but amlodipine, a hydrophilic Ca-antagonist, had no major effect on LDL oxidation. These results suggest that Ca-antagonists are effective for the prevention of atherosclerosis but the effect is dependent upon the lipophilicity of the drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Biochemical and enzymological study of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes from commercial quality control sera and several animal tissue sources.

We assayed the isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) in commercial quality control sea and several animal tissue extracts, using electrophoresis. We compared the Km values and activation energies of the isoenzymes, in order to find suitable animal tissue sources with a similar isoenzyme profile to that of human serum lactate dehydrogenase. Some of the control sera contained only one isoenzyme fraction corresponding to porcine heart isoenzyme-1 or chicken heart isoenzyme-1, which showed essentially no changes of enzyme activity as a function of pyruvate substrate concentration. Other control sera, which contained isoenzymes from human red cells haemolysates, or from animal tissue extracts with a human serum matrix, showed significant changes of enzyme activity was a function of substrate concentration, and showed different Km values and activation energies from those of human serum. Of the serum and tissue samples from several animal sources, rat heart and kidney extracts showed the greatest similarity to human serum, with respect to the electrophoretic pattern and the Km, pH optimum and activation energy of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Toxicological study on rats fed haloperidol: 80 week chronic toxicity test.

Haloperidol (HPL) was administered by presenting HPL-admixed food to 20 male and 19 female Sprague-Dawley rats from the age of 5 weeks at a target dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day for 80 weeks. The range of the actual daily dose was 0.48-1.11 mg/kg in males and 0.34-0.73 mg/kg in females. The control rats(13 males and 13 females) were given normal food. In the present study, the general condition and locomotor activity of these rats were examined. 1. The number of HPL-treated animals that died during the administration periods (11 males and 9 females) and the symptoms observed immediately before their death were comparable to those in the control group. Vacuous chewing movement developed in HPL-treated animals (12 males and 11 females) after the 28th week of administration. These movements showed a tendency of decrease after the 68th week. Blepharitis was observed in all females and 3 males of the HPL-treated group, but in none of the controls of either sex. Subcutaneous masses in the chest and abdomen were observed in 3 HPL-treated females and 6 control females, but there was no significant difference in their incidence between the two groups. 2. The body weight gain in the HPL-treated group was suppressed in males, but was promoted and then suppressed in females. The food consumption in the HPL-treated group was similar, but the water consumption was reduced in both sexes as compared with the control groups. 3. Locomotor activity was reduced in the HPL-treated group for both males and females, and no tolerance developed. These results suggest that HPL does not have a possibility to cause death even by chronic administration at the doses examined in the present study. However, the occurrence of body weight losses and blepharitis indicated the need for particular attention to these symptoms during chronic administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Relapsing polychondritis associated with subclinical Sjögren's syndrome and phlegmon of the neck.

A 25-year-old woman, diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome at age 20, presented with painful edema of her left neck. Three days later, she additionally complained of bilateral auricular pain, and her nasal cartilage was tender to palpation. She was diagnosed as having phlegmon on the basis of her neck findings. Anti-human cartilage antibodies were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence, and the diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis was established. The patient was administered antibiotics and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and her symptoms gradually improved. Relapsing polychondritis is one of the possible complications of autoimmune diseases, and infection might be a precipitating factor for this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Association of the prohormone convertase 2 gene (PCSK2) on chromosome 20 with NIDDM in Japanese subjects.

Proinsulin is converted to insulin by the concerted action of two sequence-specific subtilisin-like proteases termed prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) and prohormone convertase 3. PC2 is a type II proinsulin-processing enzyme, and it cleaves the proinsulin molecule on the COOH-terminal side of dibasic peptide, Lys64-Arg65, which joins the C-peptide and the A-chain domains. We have previously cloned and characterized the exon-intron organization of the human PC2 gene (gene symbol PCSK2), localized this gene to human chromosome 20 band p11.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and identified a simple tandem-repeat DNA polymorphism (STRP) in intron 2 of the form (CA)n, suitable for genetic studies. Since non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is associated with increased secretion of proinsulin and proinsulin-like molecules, we conducted a case-control study to determine whether a genetic variation in PCSK2 might contribute to the development of NIDDM. The study population consisted of 152 Japanese NIDDM subjects and 102 normal healthy nondiabetic control subjects matched for age and body mass index. The subjects were genotyped at the STRP in intron 2, and the results indicated a significant difference (P = 0.004) in the overall allele frequency distribution between the two groups. The A1 allele was found more frequently in NIDDM than in nondiabetic subjects (11 vs. 4%, P = 0.0068). The NIDDM patients were divided into two subgroups according to the presence or absence of the A1 allele.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Toxicological study on antineoplastons A-10 and AS2-1 in cancer patients.

Antineoplastons, which were firstly described by Burzynski, are naturally occurring peptides and amino acid derivatives which control neoplastic growth. We conducted a toxicological study of the Antineoplastons A-10 and AS2-1 in combination with other anticancer agents or radiation in 42 patients, 46 tumors with terminal stage cancer. Antineoplaston A-10 oral formulation and A-10 injectable formulation was administered in 14 and 25 patients respectively. The maximum daily dose was 10 g and 40 g, respectively and the longest term of administration was 610 days and 67 days, respectively. Antineoplaston AS2-1 oral formulation and AS2-1 injectable formulation was administered in 33 and 10 patients, respectively, the maximum daily dose was 12 g and 30 g, respectively, and the longest term was 1070 days and 25 days, respectively. The major adverse effects that may have been related to these agents as used in combination with other conventional chemotherapeutic agents or radiation were general weakness, myelosuppression, and liver dysfunction, but these effects were not seen when either Antineoplaston was administered alone. The minor adverse effects observed in single use of either Antineoplaston A-10 or AS2-1 were excess gas, maculopapullar rash, fingers rigidity, reduced cholesterol, reduced albumin, increased amylase, eosinophilia, increased alkaline phosphatase, headache, hypertension, palpitation, peripheral edema but these adverse effects did not limit to continuation of either agent. The evaluation of the usefulness of the Antineoplastons in combination therapy based on the imaging findings during the course of treatment revealed disappearance or measurable shrinkage of the tumor lasting more than one months as visualized by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography was seen in 15 tumors (32.6%). No increase in size of tumor for more than 3 months was observed in 8 (17.4%). The mean survival time of these patients was significantly longer than that in patients with tumors showing progressive increasing (17.52 + 3.31 months vs 4.80 + 0.65 months, p < 0.005). Antineoplaston A-10 and AS2-1 are less toxic than conventional chemotherapeutics and they were useful in maintenance therapy for cancer patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical study of photodynamic therapy for laryngeal cancer].

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative treatment involving the use of a photosensitizer and low powered laser to selectively destroy tumor cells. In the head and neck, its application to laryngeal papilloma, metastatic tumor and oral cancer have been reported but our report on PDT for laryngeal cancer is the only clinical report in Japan. At present, we treat laryngeal cancer by PDT using argon and excimer dye lasers such as the HpD. In the present study, we assessed the utility and safety of PDT and investigated long-term prognosis after this therapy. The subjects were 12 patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent PDT between February 1988 and October 1993. Among them, ten with cancer of the vocal cords underwent PDT as the primary treatment and two underwent PDT because of recurrence after radiotherapy. Under local anesthesia, PDT was performed using a video endoscope (Pentax EB2000). The optimal dose from an argon dye laser was set at 200-500 mW/cm2 of continuous waves for 20 minutes and that from the excimer dye laser was set at 200 J/cm2 of pulse waves (3-4 mJ/pulse, 30-40 Hz). The argon dye laser used was the Fujinon PDT developed by Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. The excimer dye laser used was a product of Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd. 1) Effect of PDT The effect of PDT as a primary treatment for ten patients was classified as CR in eight and PR in two cases, the CR rate being 80.0%. When evaluated only for T1 patients, the results were classified as CR in eight and PR in one. The patient whose response was classified as PR had refused repeated PDT. CR was maintained for five and 13 months in the two patients who underwent PDT as a secondary treatment after radiotherapy. CR was obtained in 83.3% of all patients studied. 2) Duration of the effect of PDT and long-term prognosis The patients were followed up for 14 to 71 months. The longest duration of CR achieved by PDT monotherapy was 65 months. Among the patients who underwent PDT as a primary treatment, one developed local recurrence and underwent radiotherapy. However, the prognosis was uneventful in all other patients. CR after PDT monotherapy was maintained for 42 months in one T3 patient. Two patients with a history of previous treatment thereafter relapsed and underwent total laryngectomy. The larynx could be conserved in 83.3% of all patients. However, it could be conserved in 100% of patients who underwent PDT as a primary treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Interrelationship between the facial expression and familiarity: analysis using spatial filtering and inverted presentation].

We investigated interrelationship between the facial expression and familiarity using spatial filtering and inverted presentation. The stimuli were facial images (smiling and neutral faces) band-pass filtered in the spatial domain. If the filtering is carried out at low spatial frequencies, the images convey more global features than the local ones, whereas the local features are emphasized in the images filtered at high frequencies. The task of subjects was to judge the expression (Experiment 1) or familiarity (Experiment 2) of such images, which were presented in the upright or inverted orientation. The following results were obtained. 1) Spatial frequency components in the middle range (12.4 and 24.8 cycles/face-width) were important in recognizing both expression and familiarity, 2) there was close relationship between the facial expression and familiarity, and 3) smiling faces were harder to recognize when they are shown in the inverted orientation. These results suggest that there are the common and different recognition processes between facial expression and familiarity.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Object-specific priming in apparent motion display].

The perceptual process of an object with multiple features mainly consists of two stages. At first, features are encoded independently at the modular level (feature level). Secondly, they are recombined to build a temporal representation of the object (conjunctive level). Using the apparent motion technique in which stimuli were defined by color and shape, we examined the levels at which the object-specific priming takes place. Although the discrimination of the second stimulus was facilitated when it shared the features with the first stimulus, the priming effects were different according to the number of stimulus items of the first frame. When the first frame contained one stimulus item, the priming benefits were obtained at the both conjunctive and the feature levels. However, the benefit was found only at the feature level when the item number was increased to eight (one of them disappeared in the following frames as the apparent motion stimulus). The roles of modular analysis and attention integration were discussed in terms of the economical validity of feature preservation in object perception.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

New antibiotics phthoxazolins B, C and D produced by Streptomyces sp. KO-7888.

New antibiotics, phthoxazolins B, C and D were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. KO-7888. They are geometrical isomers of 10-hydroxyphthoxazolin A. They showed selective antifungal activity against Phytophthora parasitica in vitro and modest herbicidal activity in a laboratory test, but the potencies were different among isomers.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1995

Screening method for cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors with herbicidal activity.

A new screening method for inhibitors of cellulose biosynthesis is described. This method utilized three microbial strains; a cellulose-containing fungus Phytophthora, and a cellulose non-containing fungus Candida, and a bacterial strain of Acetobacter, a cellulose-producing acetic acid bacterium. The primary screen examined microbial cultures for selective growth inhibition against Phytophthora with no inhibition against Candida. The secondary screen tested for herbicidal activity. Thirdly, the active cultures were examined for their inhibition of cellulose biosynthesis by an Acetobacter strain. A screening trial with this new method led to the discovery of two microbial metabolites named phthoxazolin A and phthoramycin as new inhibitors of cellulose biosynthesis with herbicidal activity.

Acetobacter↗
PubMed1995

[Comparative clinical study of azithromycin with tosufloxacin tosilate in the treatment of acute odontogenic infection].

To objectively assess azithromycin (AZM) for its clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness in the treatment of acute odontogenic infections (periodontitis, pericoronitis and osteitis of the jaw), a double-blind, randomized, multi-center trial was conducted in which tosufloxacin tosilate (TFLX) was used as the control drug. AZM was administered to 90 patients at a once-daily 500 mg dose for 3 days, while TFLX was given to 90 patients at a 150 mg t.i.d. dose for 7 days. 1. The clinical efficacy rates calculated according to evaluation at an endpoint set on the 3rd day of treatment by a committee of experts were 85.9% (73/85) in the AZM group and 78.9% (71/90) in the TFLX group. No statistically significant difference between the treatment groups was detected, and clinical equivalence was verified (p = 0.002). 2. The clinical efficacy rates according to evaluations made by investigators at the end-of-tail point was 87.1% (74/85) in the AZM group and 73.3% (66/90) in the TFLX group. The efficacy rate in the AZM group was higher than that in the TFLX group, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.006). 3. The bacteriological elimination rate in the AZM group was 97.5% (39/40) and that in the TFLX group was 85.7% (30/35), but the difference was deemed statistically not significant. 4. Adverse reactions were observed in 11 of 88 cases (12.5%) in the AZM group and 5 of 90 cases (5.6%) in the TFLX group. Six of 85 cases (7.1%) in the AZM group and 5 of 85 cases (5.9%) in the TFLX group showed laboratory abnormalities. However, neither adverse reactions nor laboratory abnormalities showed any differences in statistical significance between the treatment groups. 5. The safety rates, expressed as percentages of cases with no adverse events and no laboratory abnormalities, was 84.1% (74/88) in the AZM group and 90.0% (81/90) in the TFLX group. The difference between the two groups was found to be statistically insignificant. 6. The usefulness rates, the ratio of cases rated as either "Very useful" or "Useful", was 83.9% (73/87) in the AZM group, and it was statistically higher (p = 0.025) than 72.2% (65/90) obtained for TFLX group. Judging from the above results, it has been concluded that AZM is as useful as TFLX in the treatment of acute dental infections.

Adolescent↗