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Biomedical subjects

H Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to H Wilson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cognitive improvement associated with tricyclic antidepressant treatment of childhood major depressive illness.

11 children fulfilling DSM-III criteria for major depressive illness were administered detailed neuropsychological batteries prior to and 3 to 6 mo. after starting tricyclic antidepressant treatment. Remission of depressive illness in children with melancholic major depression was associated with significant improvement in WISC-R Verbal IQ and Performance IQ, and on the Similarities, Comprehension, Block Design, and Coding subtests. In addition, there were significant improvements on the Halstead Categories test, on the Visual Reception subtest of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, and in response latencies on the Matching Familiar Figures test. Two children with evidence of mild left hemiparesis showed amelioration of hemiparesis during tricyclic antidepressant treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The mechanism of the clonidine-induced reduction in peripheral parasympathetic submaxillary salivation.

The mechanism of the clonidine induced reduction in submaxillary salivation evoked by electrical stimulation of the chorda tympani was investigated in anaesthetised cats. This effect of clonidine was found to be dose and frequency dependent. In addition to clonidine, tramazoline, also a preferential presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, produced a reduction in electricallly evoked salivation. Methoxamine, noradrenaline and naphazoline, which are less potent presynaptic alpha-receptor agonists, caused increases in salivation. Phentolamine only partially antagonized the decrease in salivation produced by clonidine whereas it was virtually abolished by yohimbine. Clonidine increased salivation evoked by intra-arterial injections of carbachol. These findings suggest that clonidine reduces peripheral parasympathetically evoked submaxillary salivation by activation of presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors which inhibit cholinergic transmission.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1979

The effect of clonidine on centrally and peripherally evoked submaxillary salivation.

In anaesthetised cats, clonidine (10 microgram/kg, i.v.) produced a 60% reduction in submaxillary salivation induced by brain stem stimulation at 10 and 15 Hz and reductions of 35 and 15% in salivation evoked by chorda tympani nerve stimulation at 5 and 15 Hz respectively. Pretreatment with clonidine (20 microgram/kg/day, orally) for 28 days reduced peripherally evoked salivation by 45%. These results suggest that both central and peripheral mechanisms are involved in the diminished salivation produced by clonidine, and the reduction on peripheral stimulation may reflect the presence of presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors inhibiting cholinergic transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Action of clonidine on centrally evoked salivation in anaesthetized cats.

1. Clonidine (4 microgram/kg) given intracisternally to anaesthetized cats inhibited brain stem-evoked parasympathetic submaxillary or parotid salivation by 62% at 5 Hz and 44% at 15 Hz. 2. The inhibitory action of clonidine on salivation was equally prevented by pretreatment with either intracisternal yohimbine (175 microgram/kg) or phentolamine (250 microgram/kg), used as preferential pre- and post-synaptic alpha-adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs respectively. 3. the inhibition of centrally evoked salivation by clonidine is due to an action on alpha-adrenoreceptors but no clear evidence was obtained to indicate whether these were located pre- or post-synaptically. This is in contrast to the preferential presynaptic action of clonidine in reducing peripheral parasympathetic nerve-evoked salivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Amine metabolites in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid in coma.

The concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and 5-hydroxyindolylacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in samples of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) taken from 15 patients who were comatose as a result of an acute head injury, a tumour, or a cerebrovascular accident. The metabolite levels were not related to the ventricular fluid pressure. In the eight patients who recovered and from whom serial samples of CSF were obtained, the metabolite levels did not change, except for two patients in whom HVA increased as coma progressed. The concentration of MHPG, but not of HVA or 5-HIAA, was greater (P less than 0.02) in the five patients who died without regaining consciousness than in the 10 patients who recovered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Adriamycin in combination for the treatment of breast cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

Patients with advanced breast cancer who had not previously received chemotherapy were treated on a three-arm prospective study: adriamycin day 1 plus 5-FU on day 1 and 8 (AF), adriamycin day 1, plus 5-FU day 1 and 8, and cyclophosphamide day 1 (AFC), and adriamycin day 1 plus 5-FU day 1 and 8, cyclophosphamide day 1 and methotrexate day 1 (AFCM). These courses were repeated every 21 days. The response rate was 44/105 (42%) AF, 44/103 (43%) AFC and 52/105 (49%) AFCM. The length of response was 22, 33 and 35 weeks, respectively, for AF, AFC and AFCM (P = 0.21). The median survival, 64 weeks, was equal in all three limbs. The major toxicity was leukopenia. Twenty-eight percent developed a WBC of less than 2,000/microliter, which resulted in seven deaths (2.2%).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

5FU infusion with mitomycin-C versus 5 FU infusion with methyl-CCNU in the treatment of advanced colon cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) in a randomized trial evaluated 5FU infusions in combination with either Mitomycin-C or Methyl-CCNU in patients with disseminated large bowel cancer. A response rate of 18% was noted on the 5FU-Mitomycin limb as compared to 16% on the Methyl-CCNU arm (p = .39). Median survival for all treated patients was 43 weeks on both arms. Myelosuppression was found to be more significant on the Mitomycin-C arm. Regression analysis demonstrated that performance status, sex, and primary site were significant pretreatment characteristics for predicting survival. The response rates associated with this burdensome method of 5FU administration in combination with either Mitomycin-C or Methyl-CCNU appear to offer little advantage over bolus 5FU alone.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Mitomycin C, vincristine, and bleomycin therapy for advanced cervical cancer.

The Southwest Oncology Group has treated 130 patients with advanced disseminated uterine cervical carcinoma no longer amenable to therapy with further radiation or surgery. Patients received one of three different schedules of mitomycin C, vincristine and bleomycin. A twice weekly schedule of bleomycin and vincristine produced response in 60% of patients. An infusion bleomycin schedule produced response in 39% of patients and a once weekly vincristine bleomycin schedule produced a 25% response rate (45% overall). Responding patients lived significantly longer than nonresponders (30 vs 18 weeks). Toxicities encountered included leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, peripheral neuropathy, gastrointestinal upset, dermatitis, and alopecia. We believe two of the schedules utilized represent an improvement in producing tumor remission induction in this previously recognized refractory carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

CSF studies on the relationship between dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in Parkinsonism and other movement disorders.

In Parkinson's disease, the concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA) was reduced in lumbar CSF from patients with idiopathic Parkinsonism (n = 54, P less than 0.05) and post-encephalitic Parkinsonism (n = 19, P less than 0.01). The reduction in the concentrations of 5-hydroxyindolylacetic acid (5-HIAA) was not significant, and there was no alteration in the levels of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG). Treatment with L-dopa increased the concentration of HVA in the CSF (P less than 0.05) but had no effect on the levels of 5-HIAA and MHPG. Carbidopa given in combinations with L-dopa produced similar CSF concentrations of dopa as did L-dopa alone but caused less than half the rise in HVA. Fourteen patients who became functionally independent on treatment with L-dopa had higher 5-HIAA levels than 23 patients who showed no such improvement (P less than 0.001), suggesting that intact 5-hydroxyltryptamine neurones may be important in the therapeutic response to L-dopa. In a variety of movement disorders, the levels of HVA, 5-HIAA, and MHPG were not significantly different from age-matched controls. Treatment with tetrabenazine did not significantly alter the metabolite levels in patients in whom it produced either improvement, or side effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Lysosomal enzymes in cerebral atrophy.

In seven patients with cerebral atrophy due to pre-senile dementia and/or cerebrovascular disease, the activity of acid phosphatase in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was higher (p less than 0.05) than in six controls. The activity of arylsulphatase and beta-galactosidase in CSF was the same in the two groups. In the serum, the activities of acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase were the same in the two groups but the activity of beta-galactosidase was lower (p less than 0.02) in patients with cerebral atrophy.

Acid Phosphatase↗