[Home treatment of patients with hemophilia].
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
H Walter
Publications and source records attributed to H Walter.
Genetic markers and leprosy in South African negroes: Part II. Erythrocyte enzyme polymorphisms.
The phenotype frequencies of the erythrocyte enzyme polymorphisms acid phosphatase (aP), phosphoglucomutase loci 1 and 2 (PGM1 and PGM2), adenylate kinase (AK), adenosine desaminase (ADA), esterase D (EsD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) were determined on a sample of 234-248 South African Negroes with leprosy. These results were compared with data of 841--997 healthy Negro controls of similar geographical and ethnic origin, in order to determine whether or not any association exists between specific phenotypes and the manifestation of leprosy. A part of the data included in the present study were compared with the data of a similar comparative analysis on Mozambican Negroes. With regard to the polymorphisms aP, PGM1 and PGM2, the results derived from South Africa and Mozambique exhibit reverse patterns of deviations from the null hypothesis. From this it does not appear justified to postulate an association between these genetic markers and the occurrence of leprosy. For the enzyme polymorphisms ADA, AK and EsD (data are confined to South African Negroes only) the distribution of phenotypes between patients and controls was very similar. The differences were not statistically significant. However, observations on the 6-PGD polymorphism (data are confined to South African Negroes only) showed an excess of phenotype PGD A among leprosy patients as compared with controls. The difference was statistically highly significant. Further studies based on additional samples are required to substantiate whether or not the statistical outcome reflects a true association between this phenotype and leprosy.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Associations between atopic diseases and the polymorphic systems ABO, Kidd, Inv and red cell acid phosphatase.
In 239 German patients with atopic conditions (atopic dermatitis, hay fever, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and acute urticaria) the phenotype and gene distribution of 15 genetic blood polymorphisms (ABO, MNSs, rhesus, P, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Hp, Gc, Gm, Inv, aP, PGM1, EsD, and 6-PGD) were analyzed and compared with those in 151 selected controls (individuals clinically free of allergic conditions and without allergy in the family history). The incidence of blood group antigens A and B was somewhat higher in patients than in controls. These observations are in accordance with the results of previous studies in other populations. In addition, our observations favor the hypothesis that there are also associations between the phenotypes Jk (a-b+), Inv(1) and red cell acid phosphatase aP A and aP AP on the one hand and atopic disposition on the other. The possible reasons for these associations are discussed.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
On the incidence of blood group O and Gm(-1) phenotypes in patients with malignant melanoma.
Fifteen polymorphic systems of the blood (ABO, MNSs, Rhesus, P, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Hp, Gc, Gm, Inv, aP, PGM1, EsD, and 6-PGD) were examined in 191 unrelated male and female patients suffering from malignant melanoma. These polymorphic systems were compared with the corresponding phenotype and gene frequencies of controls from the same geographical area (Rhineland-Palatinate). The only associations discovered were the ABO and Gm polymorphisms: The incidence of O and Gm(-1) phenotypes in patients is obviously higher than in controls. These observations agree with the findings in other population samples from Germany and Bulgaria.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
[Questioning of women in puerperium concerning their experiences at delivery].
200 patients of the Universitäts-Frauenklinik Würzburg were asked in a quenstionnaire about their attitude towards antenatal care and child birth as performed in a big gynecological hospital. Safety was their main point for choosing a big hospital. Patients' reactions about intensive perinatal care, analgesia, husbands' presence and rooming in are summarized as well as their criticism of organization and treatment during the ante-, peri- and postnatal period. 5 conclusions are drawn to make child birth in a big hospital more humane.
Female↗
Fractionation of membranes from Acholeplasma laidlawii A on the basis of their surface properties by partition in two-polymer aqueous phase systems.
Acholeplasma laidlawii A consists of pleomorphic cell clusters surrounded by a single membrane. When lysed, a cell gives rise to several membrane fragments which cannot be separated from each other by isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation. A heterogeneous lateral organization of the cell membranes was detected by countercurrent distribution of membrane fragments in a two-polymer aqueous phase system. It revealed that the membranes consist of at least two subpopulations with respect to surface properties. Changes in the fatty acid and cholesterol content of the membranes revealed that the resolution of different subpopulations was predominantly due to a critical ratio of monoglucosyldiglyceride to diglucosyldiglyceride. The heterogeneity of the membrane probably depends on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein steric interactions. Charged lipids, an apolar monoglucolipid and the ratio between lipids and proteins also affect membrane partition. The differences in the subpopulations were further reflected by different specific activities of NADH dehydrogenase, NADH oxidase and ATPase. These activities varied independently. Minor quantitative differences in the protein patterns of different subpopulations were apparent. The origin and the preservation of the membrane subpopulations are discussed in terms of lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions, their age and energy metabolism.
Acholeplasma laidlawii↗
Effect of membrane cholesterol enrichment or depletion on the partition behavior of human erythrocytes in dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) aqueous phases.
It has previously been shown that by appropriate manipulation of polymer concentrations and ionic composition and concentration one can select whether charge-associated or lipid-related membrane surface properties are reflected by cell partition in dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) aqueous two-phase systems (Walter, H. (1977) in Methods of Cell Separation ((Catsimpoolas, N., ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 307-354, Plenum Press, New York). In the current experiments we have studied that partition behavior of human erythrocytes and found that not only lipid-related but also charge-associated membrane properties are altered as a consequence of cholesterol-enrichment or -depletion. Results further indicate that, just as cell partition in charged phase systems reflects membrane charge-associated properties not readily measured by means other than partition (Brooks, D.E., Seaman, G.V.F. and Walter, H. (1971) Nat. New Biol. 234, 61--62; Walter, H., Tung, R., Jackson, L.J. and Seaman, G.V.F. (1972) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 48, 565--571), cell partition in uncharged phases reflects membrane lipid-related properties also not readily measured by other means.
Cell Separation↗
Membrane surface properties of sheep erythrocytes, an immunological reagent, after different treatments as reflected by partition in two-polymer aqueous phases.
Sheep erythrocytes (E) which, with or without certain treatments, are currently used as "immunological reagents" to detect cells with specific receptors (by rosette-formation) have been partitioned in two-polymer aqueous-phase systems selected so as to reflect charge-associated or lipid-related membrane surface properties. We have found that the partitioning behavior of E is not affected in these phases by reacting the cells with anti-E antibody (either IgG or IgM), forming EA. The additional binding of complement to the cell-antibody complex, forming EAC, results, however, in a marked decrease in the partition coefficient, K. Apparently both the charge-associated and hydrophobic properties reflected by partitioning remain accessible to the phase polymers when the cells are coated with antibody, but are not with the addition of complement. It is interesting that EA can still rosette with T-lymphocytes (14), a property of E, while the additional coating with complement results in EAC which does not appreciably do so (26). Neuraminidase or trypsin treatments of E, which yield Es having quite different rosetting properties with T-lymphocytes (14), cause increased Ks and unchanged Ks, respectively, in phases reflecting lipid-related surface properties. Either treatment causes reduced Ks of E in charged-phase systems. Neuraminidase treatment also results in a reduced electrophoretic mobility of E, while trypsin treatment is not detectable by cell electrophoresis (25). We are currently studying the possible usefulness of employing cell electrophoresis and cell partitioning in charged-phase systems jointly to obtain information on events occurring at the shear plane versus those occurring deeper in the membrane.
Animals↗
Membrane charge-associated heterogeneity of B-lymphocytes from human peripheral blood as reflected by cell partition in two-polymer aqueous phases.
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B-Lymphocytes↗
DDAVP factor VIII concentrate and its properties in vivo and in vitro.
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Adolescent↗
Factor VIII concentrate prepared from DDAVP stimulated blood donor plasma.
Human fraction I-0 (AHF-Kabi) was prepared from plasma from blood donors who had received an i.v. injection of DDAVP (0.2 microgram per kg b.w.) and tranexamic acid (0.01 g per kg b.w.) 15 min before collection of the blood. The factor VIII preparation from such plasma contained twice as much VIII:C,VIIIR:Ag, and VIIIR:RFC as normal fraction I-0. Normal fraction I-0 and DDAVP fraction I-0 were given to 2 patients with severe haemophilia A. The in vivo response of the DDAVP fraction I-0 corresponded to the in vitro values. No differences in survival time were seen. Hence, it is possible to produce factor VIII concentrates with at least double the yield by increasing the factor VIII level in blood donors by i.v. injection of DDAVP.
Adult↗
On the population genetics of beta2-glycoprotein I.
Beta2-glycoprotein I typings on 152 healthy Germans and 150 patients with atopic diseases did not show any differences in the serum protein concentrations or in the phenotype and gene frequencies. Compared to these German samples, Philippinos (n = 88) as well as healthy Negroes from South Africa (n = 192) revealed statistically significant lower concentrations of this serum protein. They differ also from the Germans with regard to phenotype and gene frequencies. A most striking result was found in the comparison of healthy and leprous Negroes (n = 250) from South Africa. In these, quite different and statistically significant beta 2-Glycoprotein I concentrations, respectively, phenotype and gene frequencies were seen, which may be due to this disease. The possible reasons for these observations as well as for the observed population differences are discussed.
Adult↗
Permeability of plasma membrane vesicle to ouabain and Mg2+ as a factor determining rate of binding of ouabain to Na+ and K+ dependent ATPase.
Na+, K+-ATPase of the plasma membrane isolated from sheep kidney medulla exhibits functional asymmetry for the cardiac glycoside ouabain. In this vesicular membrane preparation the rate of binding of ouabain was slow (time constant greater than 60 min) when the vesicles were incubated in the presence of isotonic sucrose. Upon treatment of the preparation with hypoosmotic shock or phospholipase A the initial rate of ouabain binding was enhanced at least 3 fold. In equilibrium a concentration of the ouabain-enzyme-complex was obtained which was about twofold that of the untreated vesicles. This result suggests two types of ouabain binding sites with an approximate stoichiometry of 1 to 1. The stoichiometry seems to be maintained at high concentrations of ouabain where binding curves show a biphasic time course. Additional information about heterogeneity of binding sites comes through experiments in which the vesicles were treated with Mg2+ prior to the addition of ouabain. A minor fraction of the binding sites were occupied by ouabain only after longtime incubation with Mg2+.
Animals↗
Subfractionation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on the basis of their surface properties by partitioning in two-polymer aqueous phase systems.
Partitioning of cells in dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) aqueous-aqueous two-phase systems is a sensitive method for separating cells and for obtaining information on their surface properties. Highly purified lymphocytes were obtained by velocity sedimentation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fractionated by countercurrent distribution (CCD, a multiple-step extraction procedure) in a charged two-polymer aqueous phase system. The lymphocytes remained viable after separation (order of 90%) and the E-rosetting cells responded (after adding back monocytes) to mitogens (PHA, Con A, PWM). Not only was the total lymphocyte population found to be highly heterogeneous (as evidenced by a broad and skewed distribution curve), but we were able to show that cells that rosetted with E, or had complement or Fc receptors were composed of additional subpopulations as well. The bulk of complement-receptor-bearing cells had the lowest partition coefficient (K), E-rosetting cells an intermediate K, and Fc-receptor-containing cells the highest K. The largest lymphocytes were among the subpopulation having the highest K and neither responded to T cell mitogens nor rosetted with E. Our results thus demonstrate that human peripheral blood lymphocytes can be subfractionated by CCD. The fractions are differentially enriched with lymphocyte subpopulations having characteristic surface markers and functional abilities.
Animals↗
[Supplemental instruments for Brückner's method of ligamentoplasty with the patellar ligament].
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Humans↗
[Statistical study of genetic polymorphism of blood. II. Regional differences].
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Blood Cells↗
Genetic markers and leprosy in South African negroes. Part I. Serum protein polymorphisms.
The phenotype frequencies of the serum protein polymorphisms Hp, Gc, Tf, Gm and Inv were determined on a sample of 250 South African Negroes with leprosy. These results were compared with data derived from 918-977 (depending on the polymorphism tested) healthy Negro controls of similar geographical and ethnic origin, in order to determine whether or not any association existed between specific phenotypes and the occurrence of leprosy. The data derived from the present study were also compared with those of similar comparative analyses on African and non-African populations. Because of the contradictory results between samples with regard to the polymorphisms Hp, Gc and Inv, an association of any of these phenotypes with leprosy appears to be highly improbable. With regard to the polymorphisms Tf and Gm, however, such associations cannot be ruled out. The questions arising from the results are discussed.
Alleles↗
Fractionation of microsomal membranes on the basis of their surface properties.
Partition in dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) aqueous-phase systems can be used for both membrane subfractionation and gaining information on membrane surface properties [H. Walter (1977) in Methods of Cell Separation (Catsimpoolas, N., ed.), vol. 1, pp. 307-354, Plenum, New York]. Smooth, light rough and heavy rough rat liver microsome (obtained by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation) were subjected to countercurrent distribution in such a system. Smooth microsomal membranes had the highest, heavy rough microsomal membranes the lowest and light rough microsomal membranes an intermediate partition coefficient. The separation is based primarily on hydrophobic differences in the membrane surfaces of the three preparations and is thus due to microsomal properties not previously utilized in their fractionation. The method permits additional subfractionations of microsomes.
Animals↗