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Biomedical subjects

H Wada

Publications and source records attributed to H Wada.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Hypoplasty of the breast due to x-ray irradiation.

We treated five women with hypoplasty of the breast induced by radiation. Only one of these women underwent mammaplasty with the use of a latissimus dorsi muscle flap and prosthesis. Hypoplasty of the breast is considered a result of imprudent utilization of x-ray irradiation of young patients with benign skin diseases. To prevent underdevelopment and hypoplasty, attention must be directed to the risk involved in radiation therapy for benign diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effects of dietary histidine and methionine loading in rats with a portacaval shunt.

To elucidate disturbances of brain amine metabolism in hepatic coma, the effects of dietary histidine and methionine loading on the brain levels of amino acids and transmitter amines and on behavior were examined in rats with a portacaval shunt (PCS rats). Surgical construction of a portacaval shunt exaggerated the increase in brain histamine caused by dietary histidine loading 4 weeks after operation. Although the marked increase in the brain level of methionine itself did not affect on the brain levels of catecholamines, serotonin, and histamine, brain level of 5-HIAA was decreased in PCS rats on methionine-enriched diet. Diminished spontaneous activity was observed in PCS rats on either diet, which could not be related to the disturbance of brain amine metabolism caused by excess histidine and methionine. These results indicated that histamine was involved in the derangement of brain amine metabolism in PCS rats, and that direct effect of dietary methionine loading on the brain levels of transmitter amines was not observed in PCS rats. The etiological relation of these substances to hepatic coma should be further investigated.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Application of a computer-controlled infrared beam device to behavioral research.

An experimental control system was designed to evaluate the effects of toxic substances. This system consisted of a personal computer (Apple II), shuttle boxes, and their controller. The shuttle box (33 X 20 X 53 cm) was divided into two compartments of equal size with a hurdle (8 cm). An infrared beam device was set up 8 cm from each side of the hurdle and 5 cm above the floor to detect the occupied compartment. Signals from detectors were put into the Apple II through a peripheral interface adapter unit. Since the control program was written in assembly language, which could operate at high speed, it was possible to conduct experiments using four shuttle boxes simultaneously. During the execution of the experiments, the timer unit generated pulses 100 times/sec. Every pulse was counted and used to measure a response latency at intervals of 10 msec. The application of a computer-controlled infrared beam device made it possible to detect the location and operant responses of a subject mechanically from moment to moment and to construct an extremely flexible experimental control system.

Avoidance Learning↗
PubMed1986

Chemical modification of tryptophanase from E. coli with polyethylene glycol to reduce its immunoreactivity towards anti-tryptophanase antibodies.

Escherichia coli tryptophanase was modified with 2,4-bis(O-methoxypolyethylene glycol)-6-chloro-s-triazine (activated PEG2, MW 5,000 x 2). The modified tryptophanase, in which approximately 43% of the total 120 amino groups and 38% of the total 16 sulfhydryl groups in the molecule were coupled, completely lost the immunoreactivity towards anti-tryptophanase serum from rabbit. Approximately 10% of the enzymic activity was retained. The modified enzyme showed the same physicochemical properties as the native enzyme: Km value for L-tryptophan (0.3 mmol/l), optimum pH (8.0) and optimum temperature (50 degrees C). The modified enzyme was more resistant than the native counterpart against proteolytic digestion with trypsin.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Long-term follow-up results of selective VIM-thalamotomy.

The authors report the results of a long-term follow-up study of the effects of the physiologically defined selective VIM (nucleus ventralis intermedius)-thalamotomy on tremor of Parkinson's disease in 27 patients and essential tremor in 16 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 3.25 to 10 years (mean 6.58 years). In 43 patients a total of 50 operations (including four bilateral operations and three reoperations) were carried out. The early (2 to 4 weeks after surgery) and late effects on the tremors were determined clinically and electromyographically. Fourteen parkinsonian cases were treated with minimal lesions (about 40 cu mm). Their late results were very similar to the early results: in 10, the tremors were completely abolished, three had a slight residual tremor, and one underwent reoperation 3 months after the first surgery. Eleven essential tremor cases were treated with minimal lesions. Six of these tremors were completely abolished, four patients had slight residual tremors, and one patient with a recurrence underwent reoperation 2 years after the initial surgery. In these 23 successful operations with minimal lesions (excluding two cases with reoperation), the tremor was abolished without discernible long-lasting side effects. The other 23 operations on 16 patients with Parkinson's disease (including one reoperation) and on seven with essential tremor (one of whom also had a minimal lesion on the other side) involved relatively large lesions. In this group, the surgery was successful in almost every case. It was concluded that radiographically and physiologically monitored selective VIM-thalamotomy for parkinsonian and essential tremor is effective even when lesioning is minimal. Moreover, the beneficial effect is maintained over a long period of time.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Characterization of polyethylene glycol-modified L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli and its application to therapy of leukemia.

For the purpose of clinical application to the therapy of human leukemia and lymphosarcoma, L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli was modified with 2,4-bis(O-methoxypolyethylene glycol)-6-chloro-s-triazine (activated PEG2) by an improved method, which involves a purification step of activated PEG2 by gel filtration. The PEG2-modified asparaginase retained approximately 30% (73 IU/mg of protein) of the enzymic activity of the native enzyme, while it had almost wholly lost the immunoreactivity towards anti-asparaginase antibodies. The modified enzyme retained the characteristics of the native enzyme in terms of the pH- and temperature-dependencies of activity and stability, and the Km value for L-asparagine. Administration of the modified enzyme to a dog with spontaneous lymphosarcoma induced complete remission without any toxic side effects. Seven children with multiple relapses of acute leukemia were treated with a regimen of cycles of methotrexate and native asparaginase. Three of these children developed anaphylactic shock. In contrast to the native enzyme, the successive administration of PEG2-modified asparaginase to those three patients was therapeutically effective without causing any allergic reaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Results of clinical trials with a CMitF (cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, and 5-fluorouracil) regimen versus a CAF (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil) regimen in advanced/relapsed breast cancer].

Randomized clinical trials were conducted in patients with advanced/relapsed breast cancer, using CMitF (mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil) regimen in comparison with CAF (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil) regimen. The response rate was 50% (13/26) for the CMitF group and 50% (10/20) for the CAF group. Classified by disease site, CAF group showed a tendency for a higher response rate in soft tissue, but in bone and viscera the rates were similar for both regimen groups. The median weeks to response (range) was 5 (3-21) weeks for the CMitF group, and 8 (3-22) weeks for CAF group, a tendency for slightly earlier response thus being shown in the CMitF group. The median duration of response (range) was 10 (4-47) weeks for the CMitF group, and 9 (4-50) weeks for CAF group, whereas by the method of Kaplan-Meier, at 40 weeks after the start of therapy, the proportion showing response still continued to be 60% for the CMitF group, which was a higher rate than the 27% for CAF group. The survival rate at 48 weeks was for both groups with no difference shown. Leukopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms and alopecia were major side effects in both groups, but the incidence and severity grade of gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea and vomiting) and alopecia were significantly less in the CMitF group than in CAF group. In both groups, the WBC nadir was 2,100/microliter and the time to nadir was 14 days, with no difference shown in hematological toxicity between the two groups. No severe cardiac, hepatic, or renal toxicity was noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinicopathological status and treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation with special reference to Tossy's grade III].

Seventy patients classified as Tossy's Grade III acromioclavicular dislocation were studied clinically and radiographically, and treated conservatively. Twenty acromioclavicular joints from 11 cadavers were dissected for a detailed anatomical evaluation of acromioclavicular joints. Anatomical findings showed that the conoid ligament played an important role for the fixation of the clavicular end to the acromion. Patients with dislocation classified as Tossy's Grade III were divided into two subtypes, A and B, according to the distance between the clavicle and acromion on the radiograph. Arthorography was performed on 22 patients. The arthograms were classified into three types, I, II and III, depending on the leak spread and flow of the contrast medium around the acromioclavicular joints. Types I and II arthorograms were seen in all cases classified as Type A on X-rays, most of the Type III arthorograms were seen in cases classified as Type B. Favorable results were obtained in eighty-six per cent of Type A cases. Fair to poor results, however, were achieved in 60% of type B cases. From the result of this study, the author concludes that Tossy's Grade III, complete dislocation, should be classified into two subtypes and surgical treatment should be considered for Type B or complete dislocation.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗