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Biomedical subjects

H Verdoux

Publications and source records attributed to H Verdoux.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Schizophrenia and complications of pregnancy and labor: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Several epidemiological studies have reported an association between complications of pregnancy and delivery and schizophrenia, but none have had sufficient power to examine specific complications that, individually, are of low prevalence. We, therefore, performed an individual patient meta-analysis using the raw data from case control studies that used the Lewis-Murray scale. Data were obtained from 12 studies on 700 schizophrenia subjects and 835 controls. There were significant associations between schizophrenia and premature rupture of membranes, gestational age shorter than 37 weeks, and use of resuscitation or incubator. There were associations of borderline significance between schizophrenia and birthweight lower than 2,500 g and forceps delivery. There was no significant interaction between these complications and sex. We conclude that some abnormalities of pregnancy and delivery may be associated with development of schizophrenia. The pathophysiology may involve hypoxia and so future studies should focus on the accurate measurement of this exposure.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1999

Suicidality and substance misuse in first-admitted subjects with psychotic disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the links between suicidality and substance misuse (abuse or dependence) in subjects with early psychosis. METHOD: Data were collected on a sample of first-admitted subjects with psychosis (n=64). RESULTS: More than 1 in 4 patients had a history of parasuicide, and more than 1 in 10 patients were referred to the psychiatric hospital after such an act. Parasuicide was more frequent in subjects with a history of drug misuse (OR=4, 95% CI= 1.1-14.0, P=0.03), and especially of polysubstance use (OR=6.6, 95% CI=1.2-34.7, P=0.03). CONCLUSION: The association between substance misuse and suicidality found in subjects with psychosis is similar to that which exists in the general population. Since early psychosis is a high-risk period for substance misuse, subjects with incipient psychosis may be especially vulnerable to the devastating consequences of drug use with regard to increased risk of suicide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Is early adulthood a critical developmental stage for psychosis proneness? A survey of delusional ideation in normal subjects.

It has been hypothesized that late adolescence and early adulthood might be a brain developmental stage favoring the clinical expression of psychotic symptoms in psychiatric or neurological diseases. The aim of the present survey was to examine the relationship between age and delusional ideation in a sample of subjects with no psychiatric disorder. The survey was carried out with the Aquitaine Sentinel Network of general practitioners. Consecutive practice attenders were invited to complete the PDI-21 (Peters Delusional Inventory 21 items), a self-report questionnaire designed to measure delusional ideation in the normal population. The study concerned 444 patients who had no lifetime history of psychiatric disorder and who completed the PDI-21. A principal component analysis of the PDI-21 items was performed in order to identify delusional dimensions. An age-related decrease in the likelihood to report delusional ideas was found, younger subjects scoring higher on most dimensions of delusional ideation, such as 'persecution', 'thought disturbance', 'grandiosity' and 'paranormal beliefs'. 'Religiosity' was the only dimension positively associated with age. The results suggest that there may be a physiological neurodevelopmental stage favouring the expression of psychosis proneness in normal subjects, and support the hypothesis that the association between age and positive psychotic symptoms in functional and organic psychoses may be linked to the interaction between normal brain maturational processes and cerebral abnormalities involved in the aetiology of functional and organic psychoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A survey of delusional ideation in primary-care patients.

BACKGROUND: To assess the prevalence of delusional ideas in primary-care patients. METHOD: A survey was carried out with the Aquitaine Sentinel Network of general practitioners (GPs). Consecutive practice attenders were invited to complete the Peters et al. Delusional Inventory (PDI-21) self-report questionnaire, designed to measure delusional ideation in the normal population. GPs, blind to the questionnaire results, provided information on patients' psychiatric history. RESULTS: Of the 1053 attenders included in the survey, 348 (35%) had a lifetime history of psychiatric disorder, of whom 20 (2%) had a history of broadly defined psychotic disorder. The self-report questionnaire was completed by 790 patients. The range of individual PDI-21 item endorsement in subjects with no psychiatric history varied between 5 and 70%, suggesting that delusional ideation is a dimensional phenomenon lying on a continuum with normality. The main discriminative items between psychotic and non-psychotic patients were those exploring persecutory (OR = 15.2, 95% CI 4.3-53.7), mystic (OR = 6.4, 95% CI 1.9-22.4) and guilt (OR = 5.8, 95% CI 1.5-23.2) ideas. CONCLUSIONS: This survey demonstrates that questions that explore delusions and hallucinations are well-accepted by most primary-care patients. More research is needed on psychotic disorders in primary-care settings to improving early identification of these disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

How to improve recognition and diagnosis of depressive syndromes using international diagnostic criteria.

International diagnostic criteria for depression have been elaborated in order to standardize and to facilitate diagnostic assessment. The findings of the present survey suggest that general practitioners (GPs) do accurately assess the individual depressive symptoms required to fulfill international diagnostic criteria for depressive syndromes. Training GPs to use these diagnostic criteria may be a way of improving recognition and diagnosis of depression in general practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Seasonality of birth in schizophrenia: the effect of regional population density.

It has been suggested that winter birth in urban areas may be associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. Data on 4139 patients with a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia were obtained from a survey of public departments of psychiatry in metropolitan France. Place of birth was classified according to the administrative subdivision of French territory into 95 'départements'. Density of population in the decade and in the département of birth was identified using successive census data. A 20% excess (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03-1.40; p = 0.02) of winter births (January-March) was found among patients born in highly densely populated areas (> 136 inhabitants/km2) compared to those born in other areas. These results suggest that seasonal early environmental risk factor(s) linked to schizophrenia predominantly operate in urban areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Post-partum blues and mild depressive symptomatology at days three and five after delivery, A French cross sectional study.

This cross-sectional work studies the prevalence of post-partum blues on days 3 and 5 after delivery and the links between post-partum blues and depressive symptomatology, using standardised interviews and rating scales (Kennerley and Gath Blues Scale. MADRS) to screen a consecutive series of 104 women on days three and five after a normal delivery. This study stresses the possibility of a difference between the symptomatology of a benign "classical" post-partum blues, and that of a more intense blues closer to the spectrum of depressive mood disorders and perhaps post-natal depression.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1997

Obstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: an international collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data.

OBJECTIVE: An excess of obstetric complications in the histories of schizophrenic patients is a well-replicated finding, but less consistent results have been found concerning the relationships between obstetric complications and family history of schizophrenia, age at onset of schizophrenia, and gender. Small sample size limited the power of previous studies that attempted to assess such relationships. The aim of this study was to use data on individual patients from all available studies to examine the links between a history of obstetric complications and family history of schizophrenia, age at onset, and gender. METHOD: Raw data from 854 schizophrenic patients concerning history of obstetric complications rated according to the Lewis and Murray scale were obtained from 11 different research groups. Weighted average estimates were calculated with the use of regression techniques. RESULTS: A significant association was found between age at onset of schizophrenia and obstetric complications: the earlier the age at onset, the more likely the history of obstetric complications. Subjects with onset of schizophrenia before age 22 were 2.7 times more likely than those with onset at a later age to have had a history of abnormal presentation at birth and 10 times more likely to have had a history of complicated Cesarean birth. No association was found between obstetric complications and family history of schizophrenia or gender. CONCLUSIONS: The association between obstetric complications and early age at onset of schizophrenia indicates that the pathophysiology of early-onset schizophrenia involves neurodevelopmental impairment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Suicidal risk in bipolar disorders].

Mortality and morbidity are greatly increased in patients with mood disorders, due to suicide, cardiovascular and other diseases. Recent data for bipolar disorders have been released: the suicidal risk is very high in these patients, whereas a long term treatment with lithium brings down morbidity to the rate of general population. There are no data for other mood stabilizers on this subject. Further studies are needed in order to confirm that long term prophylaxy with new compounds (valpromide, carbamazepine, etc.) is also efficacious, concerning this aspect, especially in bipolar II, mixed states and dysphoric mania. There is a dearth of research in the field of the "bipolar spectrum" (soft bipolar pathology).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A survey of prescribing practice of antipsychotic maintenance treatment for manic-depressive outpatients.

Survey questionnaires were mailed to public hospital psychiatrists practising in a French region to obtain information on the manic-depressive outpatients they personally followed up. Data were collected on 222 manic-depressive outpatients managed by 43 separate psychiatrists. More than two thirds were receiving at least one antipsychotic, and 17% were prescribed a depot-neuroleptic. Predictors of antipsychotic prescription were a history of psychotic features (OR = 3.4; 95%CI 1.7-6.9), early age at onset (OR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.0-4.8) and low educational level (OR = 3.1; 95%CI 1.5-6.3). Similar predictors were found for depot-neuroleptic prescription. Although these indicate that the prescription of antipsychotic for manic-depressive outpatients is not random, only 14% of patients were receiving mood stabilizers only. Owing to the potential side effects of antipsychotics, the benefit-to-risk ratio of antipsychotic use in the maintenance treatment of manic-depressive patients has to be carefully taken into account.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Does familiality predispose to both emergence and persistence of psychosis? A follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: It as been suggested that in schizophrenia an association exists between family history of schizophrenia and poor outcome on the one hand, and family history of affective disorders and good outcome on the other. METHOD: We tested for associations between four-year outcome and familial loading for psychotic disorders in a mixed sample of 150 consecutively admitted patients with functional psychosis (schizophrenia, psychotic affective disorders, other psychotic disorders) of recent onset. For each proband, a familial loading score for (i) broadly defined psychotic disorder, (ii) schizophrenia, and (iii) affective disorder was calculated using information on relatives obtained through the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria method and direct interviews of relatives with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. RESULTS: In our sample of psychotic patients, familial loading for psychotic disorder predicted persistent negative symptoms over the follow-up period (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1-2.2), especially in schizophrenia, and was also associated with more time hospitalised (P < 0.05) [corrected], and more social disability at follow-up (P < 0.05). Greater familial loading for schizophrenia predicted a greater likelihood of non-recovery (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1-4.4) and a greater likelihood to have had persistent negative symptoms over the follow-up period (OR 1.7; 95% CI 0.9-3.1). No association was found between outcome and familial loading for affective disorder. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that familial loading may be a continuous risk factor for some dimensions of clinical outcome in the functional psychoses. This suggests that there is a continuum of genetic liability not only to the emergence of psychotic illness, but also the subsequent chronicity of the disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Schizophrenic deficit syndrome and neurologic tolerance].

Risk factors promoting the occurrence of neuroleptic-related tardive dyskinesia remain poorly understood. It has been hypothesized that type II schizophrenia, based on Crow's classification, would be more liable to this complication due to cerebral structural abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia characterized by deficitary symptoms. Association between tardive dyskinesia and cognitive deficit is currently the most firmly established. Data in the literature concerning the association between tardive dyskinesia and the other features of type II schizophrenia are more contradictory.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1995

Social class in unipolar and bipolar probands and relatives.

130 patients fulfilling DSM-III-R criteria for bipolar disorder (n = 62), bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (n = 19) and major depression (n = 49) were included in a comparative study on the occupational levels of uni- and bipolar probands and relatives. The occupational levels did not significantly differ between uni- and bipolar probands. An overrepresentation was found in the higher occupational class in bipolar probands' brothers and children. A comparison between the whole groups including probands and all their relatives revealed a social advantage both for male and female members of bipolar families. These results are in agreement with those of previous studies demonstrating an association between bipolar disorder and social achievement in relatives.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Neuroleptic effects on neuropsychological test performance in schizophrenia.

The present study assessed the effects of neuroleptic medication on tests sensitive to frontal and non-frontal lobe function in schizophrenic patients. A test-retest design before and after initiation of neuroleptic treatment was used. The performance of schizophrenics was compared with that of matched normal controls. Schizophrenics performed more poorly than controls on most tests at both first and second testing. Patients' performance improved significantly between the test and the retest on the digit symbol subtest of the WAIS-R and on the Stroop 'color naming' subtest. Similarly, performance on the verbal fluency test and on the Rey complex figure recall tended to be better at the retest, although not significantly. The deficit on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) remained stable over time in patients. The result suggest that neuroleptics give no negative effects on cognitive functioning in schizophrenics.

Administration, Oral↗