Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Turner

Publications and source records attributed to H Turner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Social support, AIDS-related symptoms, and depression among gay men.

This study examined the impact of social support and HIV-related conditions on depression among 508 gay men participating in the San Francisco Men's Health Study, a population-based prospective study of single men aged 25-54 years. The number of HIV-related symptoms experienced significantly predicted depression cross-sectionally and 1 year later. Satisfaction with each of three types of social support (emotional, practical, informational) was inversely correlated with depression. Men who were more satisfied with the social support they received were less likely to show increased depression 1 year later. Degree of satisfaction with informational support appeared especially critical in buffering the stress associated with experiencing HIV symptoms. These findings offer valuable insight in understanding the psychological needs of gay men confronting the AIDS crisis and have important practical implications for designing mental health services to meet those needs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Changes in condom use among homosexual men in San Francisco.

Employed data from two longitudinal surveys of gay men in San Francisco (a) to examine for cohort (Study 1) and attrition (Studies 1 and 2) bias effects on reported changes in condom use by gay men and (b) to investigate predictors of condom use (Study 2). Substantial increases in condom use were observed, and these changes were unrelated to attrition and cohort bias. In terms of predictors of condom use, men who always used condoms had higher levels of social support from informal sources of help, had more positive expectations that condoms would have positive interpersonal and personal consequences, and were more likely to be HIV positive than men who used condoms occasionally or never. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for HIV-prevention research.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Differential recognition of microfilarial antigens by sera from immigrants into an area endemic for brugian filariasis.

Studies in animal models indicate that antibodies to surface antigens of microfilariae participate in the control of parasitaemia resulting from infections with lymphatic filarial nematodes. In an attempt to identify parasite antigens that elicit such 'protective' host responses, we compared the antigen recognition patterns of persons who remained amicrofilaraemic after 3-6 years of exposure to Brugia malayi with those of individuals who developed patent filariasis during the same period. IgG antibodies in sera from immigrants identified between 0 and 25 microfilarial antigens on Western blots. The highest degree of reactivity was observed with antigens in the 65-75 kD and 20-30 kD ranges, and with a group of high mol. wt antigens (greater than 180 kD). Sera from amicrofilaraemic donors preferentially reacted with 70/75 kD microfilarial antigens. A proportion of such sera inhibited the binding of monoclonal antibody MF1 to its target epitope; eight of nine inhibitory sera were from patients with active infections, evidenced by the presence of microfilariae or filarial antigens in the donors' blood, but who were amicrofilaraemic. These results indicate that some amicrofilaraemic residents of areas where brugian filariasis is endemic develop immune reactions to a microfilarial stage-specific antigen that was previously identified as a potentially 'protective' parasite antigen in animal models of lymphatic filariasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Older Americans and AIDS: transmission risks and primary prevention research needs.

The growing number of AIDS cases among older Americans (50 years and older) is of increasing concern. In the context of primary prevention, findings are reviewed that bear on the modes of HIV transmission (blood transfusion, sexual) among older individuals and knowledge of the magnitude of the AIDS problem represented by these routes of infection. Lastly, a proposed research agenda is focused on questions of primary prevention of HIV transmission.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Campylobacter pylori in patients undergoing gastroscopy at Goroka Base Hospital.

Biopsy specimens were taken from intact areas of antral mucosa in 53 consecutive highlanders presenting for gastroscopy. Spiral or curved bacilli were demonstrated in 31 patients (58%). Campylobacter pylori was cultured from 17 patients (32%). The bacteria were present in 16 (76%) of the 21 patients with gastric ulcer. Histological studies carried out in 25 patients showed gastritis in 21 (84%) and the bacteria were present in all 8 cases of active chronic gastritis and in 5 of 13 cases (38%) of chronic gastritis. These results suggest that infection may play an important role in the aetiology of gastritis and gastric ulcer in Papua New Guinea.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Stress of AIDS caregiving: a preliminary overview of the issues.

This paper describes the stressors experienced by lovers and friends who were caregivers to AIDS patients and the social supports and coping strategies they drew on in efforts to mediate stress. From exploratory, intensive interviews with San Francisco men who provided care in their homes or those of the patients, three types of stressor were identified. One involves exigencies within the caregiver role itself, such as the demands and burdens encountered in housekeeping and nursing activities and in the management of financial and legal affairs. A second type of stressor involves the uncertainties caregivers experience concerning their own future, uncertainties that arise from the fact that homosexual caregivers are often exposed to the same set of health risk factors as the patients. Third, being a caregiver can create stressful problems in other roles. Thus, the demands of caregiving can disrupt multiple areas of life--occupational, economic, and social. Once disrupted, these become independent sources of stress. Formal and informal support systems appear to be important resources in sustaining caregivers and allowing them to continue in this role. In addition to support systems, a variety of coping strategies that may also help caregivers to sustain themselves have been identified. These strategies fall into three classes: those that function to minimize the physical and management demands of caregiving; cognitive and perceptual devices that reduce the level of threat the situation holds for the caregiver; and behaviors and practices that keep tensions and anxieties within manageable bounds.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

The Traumatic Coma Data Bank: a nursing perspective, Part I.

The Traumatic Coma Data Bank (TCDB) was a collaborative project undertaken to study the nature and causes of severe head injury, allowing patients similar in age, severity of insults and neurological and physical symptoms to be compared in terms of outcome. Systematic uniform data were collected during the prehospital, acute and rehabilitative phases on 581 patients from 6 centers during the pilot phase of the TCDB, June 1, 1979 through May 31, 1982. The pilot phase successfully determined that a collaborative approach to studying head injury was feasible and additional information gained was incorporated into the main phase April, 1983 through April, 1988. A description of the TCDB population as of this writing (730 patients) is included here.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The Traumatic Coma Data Bank: a nursing perspective, Part II.

The Traumatic Coma Data Bank (TCDB) was a collaborative project undertaken to study the nature and course of severe head injury. Evolution of nursing goals includes collection of data, communication, new clinical observations, designing future research projects, education and legislative impact. Management issues inherent in the collaborative research project are defining, collecting, entering, and analyzing and publishing results.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1987

Motor response study.

This study investigated whether the pattern of abnormal motor responses is affected by the site of stimulation and the initial position of the upper extremity. Our findings did not demonstrate a significant correlation between site of stimulation and limb position, with the exception of extensor posturing, which occurred more frequently regardless of stimulation or limb position.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Pressure-volume index in head injury.

The authors studied intracranial pressure (ICP) and intracranial compliance as defined by the pressure-volume index (PVI) in 34 severely head-injured patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less. The objective of the research was to determine if there was a correlation between the pressure-volume status and subsequent increase in ICP. The PVI and ICP measurements were obtained serially, and the temporal course of the pressure-volume status and ICP was determined during the 5-day period following injury. Aggressiveness of ICP was quantified by a therapy intensity level scale. A clear relationship between the PVI measured soon after injury and subsequent development of ICP emerged. Following mechanical trauma the PVI is reduced, and the degree of reduction and extent of biomechanical recovery are closely related to outcome and development of raised ICP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Three collaborative research projects involving neuroscience nurses.

Traumatic head injury and stroke affect millions of persons in the United States each year. Neuroscience nurses have the unique opportunity to be involved in collaborative research projects concerning these health problems. The goal of much research on head injury and stroke is to increase the qualitative survival of patients. This paper describes three collaborative clinical research projects that have involved neuroscience nurses. How nurses have influenced and been influenced by various aspects of these projects, the roles they played in the projects, and associated nursing implications are discussed.

Brain Injuries↗