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Biomedical subjects

H Thomas

Publications and source records attributed to H Thomas.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Simultaneous infection of Mastomys natalensis with Dipetalonema witei and Litomosoides carinii (author's transl)].

Mastomys natalensis that has been described by Lämmler et al. (1968) as suitable host for Litomosoides carinii can also serve as final host for Dipetalonema witei. At the end of the prepatency period the microfilaraemia increased as rapidly in Mastomys as in the original final host Meriones persicus. Maximal microfilaraemia was observed earlier in Mastomys (120 days p.inf.) than in Meriones (250 days p.inf.). Accordingly microfilariae counts decreased more rapidly in Mastomys. The maximal counts found in Mastomys was 78000 microfilariae/ml blood, which is 3.2 times less than in M. persicus. Furthermore it could be demonstrated that a simultaneous experimental infection of Mastomys with D. witei and L. carinii in possible. The course of microfilaraemia and the number of macrofilariae were comparable in mono- and simultaneous infections for both species of filariae. The macrofilariae of D. witei began to die earlier than those of L. carinii both in mono- and in simultaneous infections. The percentage of dead macrofilariae was 3.8% 110 days p.inf., and 13.1% 130 days p.inf. respectively. Therefore, chemotherapeutic experiments should be terminated and evaluated about 110 days p.inf.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Amidantel, a potent anthelminthic from a new chemical class.

N-(4-[(1-(Dimethylamino)-ethylidene)-amino]-phenyl)-2 methoxyacetamide hydrochloride (amidantel, BAY d 8815) is a new aminophenylamidine with an interesting anthelminthic spectrum. In rodents the compound is active against nematodes, filariae and cestodes. Of special interest is the high efficacy in dogs against hookworms and large roundworms. Amidantel was well tolerated by all animals tested and did not show teratogenic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Induction of remission in hepatocellular carcinoma with doxorubicin.

Doxorubicin (60 mg/m2 at 3-weekly intervals to a maximum total of 550 mg/m2) induced clinical remission in 14 (32%) of 44 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In 3 of those who responded, hepatic arteriography showed clearing of the previously extensive tumour circulation, and in a 4th there was disappearance of the tumour on serial ultrasound examinations. A fall in serum-alpha-fetoprotein level after the initial injection of doxorubicin predicted a favourable clinical response, whereas the level continued to rise in patients who did not respond.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The efficacy of praziquantel against experimental cysticercosis and hydatidosis (author's transl)].

Praziquantel is active against cysticerci in experimentally infected mice, rabbits, sheep and cattle. After single or repeated application the infectious stages of Hymenolepis nana, Cysticercus fasciolaris, C. pisiformis, C. tennuicollis and C. bovis were killed. The compound is more active against older than against younger stages as demonstrated with H. nana-cystecercoids and C. fasciolaris in mice. Against the tetrahyridia of Mesocestoides corti in mice praziquantel is only effective after an intraperitoneal application of an oily suspension. Praziquantel shows also activity in rodents against the infectious protoscolices of Echinococcus multilocularis but failed to inhibit the growth of the hydatid cysts.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Action of caffeine on calcium transport by isolated fractions of myofibrils, mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum from rabbit heart.

We studied the effects of caffeine on calcium transport by subcellular organelles isolated from rabbit myocardium. Caffeine increased myofibrillar basic and calcium-activated ATPase activity at 20 mM but not at lower concentrations. Mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium accumulation was measured both by dual wavelength spectrophotometry with the calcium-sensitive dye, murexide, and by Millipore filtration with 45Ca. In mitochondria, caffeine impaired phosphate-assisted calcium transport but did not alter the closely related parameters of oxygen uptake, P/O ratio (nmol adenosine diphosphate consumed/n ats oxygen consumed, state 3 respiration) or limited calcium loading. In SR, caffeine impaired calcium accumulation. New methods were used to characterize calcium accumulation in the absence of oxalate according to first order reaction kinetics. Caffeine increased the rate constant while decreasing the calcium accumulated. It also increased the associated calcium-activated ATPase activity at low (30 mM) but not high (240 micrometer) external calcium concentration. In the presence of oxalate, caffeine decreased the rate of calcium accumulation, more with low than high calcium concentration. Net efflux of 45Ca from preloaded SR also was increased by caffeine. The findings indicate that caffeine impairs active calcium accumulation by making SR vesicle membranes more permeable to calcium.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The efficacy of praziquantel against cestodes in cats, dogs and sheep.

Praziquantel is a new type of acylated isoquinoline-pyrazine. A single, low oral or subcutaneous dose of the compound is reliably effective against all tested juvenile and adult cestodes in cats, dogs and sheep. Praziquantel is the first cestodicide which is also effective on bile duct cestodes. In cats and dogs, 5 mg praziquantel per kg is completely effective on all stages of Taenia hydatigena, T pisiformis, T ovis, T taeniaeformis, Dipylidium caninum, Mesocestoides corti, Echinococcus multilocularis and E granulosus. Because of its very wide therapeutic index praziquantel is thus particularly suited for eradication programmes, eg, echinococcosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Febantel, a new broad-spectrum anthelminthic.

N-(2-[2,3-Bis-(methoxycarbonyl)-guanidino]-5-(phenylthio)-phenyl)-2-methoxyacetamide (febantel, Rintal) is a new compound which is highly active against various species of nematodes and cestodes in mice, rats, dogs, sheep and cattle. In sheep and cattle a single oral dose of 5 mg/kg resulted in an almost complete elimination of larval and adult intestinal nematodes as well as Dictyocaulus. The compound was well tolerated by all animals tested.

Acetanilides↗
PubMed1978

The efficacy of febantel on gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.

Febantel (Bay h 5757, Rintal) is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic of a new type. A single oral dose of 5 mg/kg is fully effective against larval and adult stages of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Ostertagia circumcincta and Bunostomum trigonocephalum in sheep.

Acetanilides↗
PubMed1977

The efficacy of praziquantel against cestodes in animals.

Praziquantel (EMBAY 8440, Droncit) is a new type of acylated isoquinoline-pyrazine. A single oral or subcutaneous dose of the compound is reliably effective against juvenile and adult cestodes in mice and rats. For the first time, with praziquantel a compound is available that is also effective on cestodes in the bile-duct. Using Hymenolepis nana in mice we were able to show that age, sex, strain and intensity of infestation of the host have no influence on the efficacy. The onset of the effect of praziquantel in vivo is rapid. Within 10 min the parasites were immobilized and contracted and excreted within a few hours with the faeces.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Myocardial utilization of hypertonic glucose during hemorrhagic shock.

Awake pigs were rapidly bled 40% of total blood volume to induce hemorrhagic shock. Immediately after the induction of shock, all pigs received a single intravenous injection of radioactive-labeled glucose-U-14C. Simultaneously with glucose-U-14C injection, ten pigs received single central intravenous injections of unlabeled 50% glucose, four pigs received equiosmolar 25% mannitol, six did not receive either 50% glucose or mannitol, and two received 50% glucose plus insulin. Mean arterial pressure with 50% glucose was 89.9 mm. Hg at 15 minutes of shock and significantly higher than without 50% glucose, 48.3 mm. Hg or after mannitol, 46.7 mm. Hg (P = 0.05). Mean cardiac output at 10 minutes of shock with 50% glucose was 2.24 L. per minute and significantly higher than with mannitol, 1.34 L. per minute, or without 50% glucose, 0.94 L. per minute (P = 0.05.). Evidence for increased anaerobic myocardial utilization of the administered unlabeled 50% glucose was shown by a 12% greater production of unlabeled lactate in the venous coronary sinus blood from unlabeled 50% glucose in contrast to those not given 50% glucose at 10 minutes after shock (P = 0.05). Also, 50% glucose significantly increased mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and survival over both control groups.

Anaerobiosis↗