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Biomedical subjects

H Tashiro

Publications and source records attributed to H Tashiro.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Clinical symptoms of open lock position of the condyle. Relation to anterior dislocation of the temporomandibular joint.

Nine cases of open lock position of the condyle of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are reported. In two patients recurrent dislocation of the TMJ was diagnosed clinically, and four had previous episodes of anterior dislocation. An arthrotomographic examination revealed that the condyles of the affected TMJs were located anterior to the anterior bands of the disks at an open-mouth position. An arthrographic fluoroscopic examination showed that the anterior bands mechanically obstructed the anteriorly displaced condyles from posterior movement into the articular fossae to various degrees at open-mouth position. One cause of anterior dislocation of the TMJ is thought to be fixation of the condyle in the open lock position resulting from a disturbance of a neuromuscular mechanism. In the two patients with dislocation, occlusal treatment eliminated muscular symptoms and the dislocations completely disappeared.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cervical island skin flap for intraoral repair following cancer surgery.

Seventy three patients with oral cancer were operated on using the cervical island skin flap of Farr et al. (1969). Primary sites of the lesions were the tongue, floor of the mouth and lower gingiva. Most of the patients received total doses of 22.5 Gy of radiation and 110 mg bleomycin as a preoperative treatment. Among the 73 patients, complete necrosis of the skin island was observed in 3 cases. There was half necrosis in 4 cases, one quarter necrosis in 6 cases and marginal necrosis in 17 cases. The flaps in 43 patients completely survived. Results were better in the operations undertaken in the last 4 years in which a superficial layer of deep cervical fascia on the sternocleidomastoid muscle was included in the flap.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Generation of 19 STS markers that can be anchored at specific sites on human chromosome 21.

Sequence-tagged sites (STSs) are short stretches of DNA that can be specifically detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and can be used to construct long-range physical maps of chromosomal DNA. These STSs can be detected by PCR assays developed by reference to data obtained from the sequencing of restriction fragment length polymorphism-DNA markers for chromosome 21, which were derived from recombinant lamba-phage and plasmid clones made from DNA of a human-hamster hybrid cell line. In this report, we describe the generation of 19 new STSs that are specific for human chromosome 21.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Heterotopic salivary gland tissue in lymph nodes of the cervical region.

The occurrence and composition of intranodal salivary gland tissue (ISGT) in the head and neck region were investigated. ISGT was mainly composed of mature acini, intercalated ducts and intralobular ducts but immature acini (20.8%) and immature small ducts (18.8%) were also observed. The latter resembled salivary gland tissue in an early developmental stage. Various histological changes of ISGT were observed including cyst formation (16.7%), oncocytic metaplasia (8.3%), oncocytic adenomatous hyperplasia (8.3%) and ductal proliferation (20.8%). Thus ISGT may contain immature components with a potential for differentiation and proliferation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Changes in intestinal absorption of nutrients and brush border glycoproteins after total parenteral nutrition in rats.

The effect of total parenteral nutrition on nutrients absorption and glycoprotein changes of brush border membrane was examined in rat small intestine. In total parenteral nutrition rats, a marked decrease in activity of brush border enzymes was observed mainly in the proximal and middle segments of the intestine. Galactose perfusion of jejunal segment showed that hexose absorption was significantly inhibited, while intestinal absorption of glycine or dipeptide, glycylglycine was not significantly affected by total parenteral nutrition treatment. When brush border membrane glycoprotein profile was examined by [3H]-glucosamine or [3H]-fucose incorporation into jejunal loops, significant changes were observed in the glycoprotein pattern of brush border membrane especially in the high molecular weight range over 120 kDa after total parenteral nutrition treatment, suggesting strong dependency of glycoprotein synthesis on luminal substances. Molecular weight of sucrase isomaltase in brush border membrane detected by specific antibody showed no significant difference, however, in total parenteral nutrition and control rats. Also, molecular weight of specific sodium glucose cotransporter of intestinal brush border membrane detected by selective photoaffinity labelling was not altered in total parenteral nutrition rats. It may be that prolonged absence of oral food intake may produce significant biochemical changes in brush border membrane glycoprotein and absorptive capacity of small intestine, but these changes were not observed in all brush border membrane glycoproteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Role of platelet activating factor on the fibrinolytic activation in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal damage induced by endothelin-1.

We have examined the hypothesis that the release of tissue type plasminogen activator may play a prominent role in endothelin induced gastric mucosal injury. We determined tissue type plasminogen activator activity in the regional blood sample and the concentration of platelet activating factor in the gastric mucosa after the administration of endothelin-1 in a range of 50-500 pmol/kg into the left gastric artery of male Wistar rats. Endothelin-1 increased the tissue type plasminogen activator release and platelet activating factor formation, and induced subsequent gastric mucosal haemorrhagic change in a dose dependent manner. In addition CV-6209, a selective platelet activating factor blocker, attenuated the activation of regional tissue type plasminogen activator and the development of mucosal damage induced by endothelin-1. The results of this study showed that tissue type plasminogen activator activation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of endothelin induced mucosal injury of rat stomach, and suggest that the platelet activating factor may be involved in the process of regional fibrinolytic activation induced by endothelin-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intestinal microcirculatory changes during fat absorption and the effect of cholecystokinin inhibitor.

The major objective of this study was to estimate how microvascular changes occur in the intestinal segment in relation to fat absorption and also to assess the role played by cholecystokinin (CCK) in fat-induced intestinal hyperemia. A 12-cm loop of rat middle small intestine was exposed to a 120-min infusion of oleic acid micelle solution containing [14C]oleic acid. Time-course changes of vascular diameter and red blood cell (RBC) velocity of submucosal arterioles, venules, and periglandular and muscular capillaries were determined simultaneously in their different order of branching by using intravital microscopy equipped with a high-speed video camera system. Lymphatic transport of oleic acid was also monitored by collecting lymph from intestinal lymphatics. The instillation of micelle produced significant dilatation of submucosal arterioles and venules and significant increase in RBC velocity in submucosal microvessels and periglandular capillaries at 15 to 30 min after the fat instillation. This corresponds well to the appearance of [14C]oleic acid in intestinal lymph. This microvascular dilatation and RBC velocity increase continued throughout the exposure to fat and started to attenuate 30 min after restoration to saline infusion. There was also heterogeneity in microvascular responses among different orders of branches to fat administration, and RBC velocity increase was not observed in muscular capillaries. Local intra-arterial infusion of CCK inhibitor, loxiglumide (CR 1505, 10 mg.kg-1.h-1), significantly attenuated both fat-induced microvascular dilatation and RBC velocity increase but not the fat absorptive function. Our results indicate that CCK plays a significant role in intestinal hyperemia induced by fat absorption. However, CCK-mediated intestinal microvascular change was not a prerequisite for fat absorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of kallikrein and caffeine on the sperm survival of cryopreserved semen in patients with oligozoospermia].

Cryopreservation of semen from patients with oligozoospermia (sperm counts less than 20 million/ml) generally results in a severe decline in the percentage of motile spermatozoa after thawing in comparison with normozoospermia. We studied the effects of two metabolically active compounds, namely kallikrein and caffeine, on the survival of frozen-stored spermatozoa, in particular, from patients with oligozoospermia. A modified Ackerman's solution was used as the protective medium, and the specimens were frozen using a programmed freezer. We evaluated the post-thaw survival rate of spermatozoa by sperm counts on addition of agents. 1) When used the modified Ackerman's solution only, the post-thaw survival rate in the cases of oligozoospermia was significantly lower than that in the cases of normozoospermia. On the other hand, between these groups, there were no significant differences in the post-thaw activity rates of spermatozoa. 2) When added 1 KE/ml kallikrein and 7.5 mM caffeine (final volume) to the protective medium, the survival rate in the cases of oligozoospermia increased significantly, so that no significant differences were seen in the survival rates between the groups of oligozoospermia and normozoospermia. The effect of caffeine was better than that of kallikrein. 3) It was suggested that kallikrein and caffeine activated the non-motile live spermatozoa after thawing especially in the cases of oligozoospermia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Therapeutic value of hepatectomy and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hepatocellular carcinoma].

Therapeutic value of hepatectomy and TAE was evaluated retrospectively in 150 hepatectomized and 117 non-hepatectomized patients of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Operative death was seen in 5 patients. Cumulative 5 years survival rate and disease free cumulative 5 years survival rate of the 145 hepatectomized patients were 35.4 per cent and 23.6 per cent respectively. These survival rates were significantly affected by tumor size, intrahepatic metastasis (IM) and vascular invasion (Vp). But the influences of tumor margin (TW) and curative resection (relative curative or relative non-curative) were slight. Ninety-two patients (69:dead, 23:alive) had tumor recurrences. TAE was performed in 56 out of 92 patients effectively and 2 years survival rate was 31.5 per cent. Overall cumulative 5 years survival rate of non-hepatectomized patients was 6.6 per cent, but this group showed a more reduced hepatic reserve and more advanced tumor stage. Six patients treated by TAE survived more than 4 years. Hepatectomy is a first option for the treatment of HCC since complete cure may be estimated. However, because of operative risk and higher recurrence rate, use of current multidisciplinary treatment including TAE is necessary for the prognostic improvement of HCC with or without hepatectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Aminoglutethimide and aminoglutethimide+tamoxifen treatment for advanced breast cancer].

Twenty-eight and 24 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with Aminoglutethimide (AG) or AG + Tamoxifen (AG + TAM) from June 1984 to June 1989, respectively. Evaluated cases were 25 and 21 treated with AG or AG+TAM, respectively. Objective response was seen in 5/25 (20.0%) for AG treatment with 9, 13, 16, 20 and 31 months remission and 4/21 (19.1%) for AG + TAM treatment with 6, 7, 12 and 26 months remission. Response rate according to dominant site of metastases were 1/10 in soft tissue, 2/7 in bone, 2/7 in lung and pleura treated with AG, 1/9 in soft tissue, and 3/5 in lung treated with AG + TAM treatment. Two of the 5 responding patients in AG treatment group had prior tamoxifen treatment and 3 out of 4 responding patients in AG + TAM treatment group had prior chemoendocrine therapy with tamoxifen and FAC chemotherapy. Main toxic side effects were lethargy and/or rash, and drug discontinuation was required in 3 cases of AG treatment group and 2 cases of AG + TAM treatment group. Serial determination of serum hormone levels during AG or AG + TAM treatment revealed a decrease in estrone and an increase in androstenedione in many cases of both treatment groups. This data suggested that AG treatment may be favorable for endocrine treatment for advanced breast cancer patients, but the response to AG was not augmented by adding TAM.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of abnormal expression of g-csf gene in a novel tumor cell line (KHC 287) elaborating G-CSF, IL-1 and IL-6 with co-amplification of c-myc and c-ki-ras.

We established a human carcinoma cell line (KHC 287) from a patient with large-cell-typing lung carcinoma associated with marked leukocytosis. The culture supernatant of KHC 287 cells promoted granulocytic colony formation of human bone-marrow cells in semi-solid culture. Colony formation was almost completely suppressed by treatment of the supernatant with a monoclonal anti-granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) antibody. Not only G-CSF but also interleukin-1 alpha (IL-I alpha), IL-I beta and IL-6 were detected in the culture supernatant by an ELISA method. Northern blot analysis of KHC 287 cells revealed distinct expression of these cytokine genes. Southern blot hybridization of KHC 287 DNA showed 20- and 40-fold co-amplification of c-myc and c-ki-ras, respectively. The chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) activity was distinctly enhanced in the KHC 287 cells which were transfected with the 360 bp upstream region of G-CSF gene inserted into pSV00CAT, but not in non-G-CSF-producing tumor cell lines. These results suggest that overproduction of the transactivating factor(s) which binds to the 360 bp of the G-CSF upstream region is responsible for the abnormal expression of G-CSF gene in KHC 287 cell line.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Morphological alteration of gut-associated lymphoid tissue after long-term total parenteral nutrition in rats.

The morphological alteration of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) induced by long-term absence of dietary stimulation was investigated. Male Wistar rats weighing approximately 230 g were maintained with total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Control rats were allowed to have the same amount of the solution orally. After two weeks, the morphological alteration of GALT was examined. Although no significant difference in weight gain was noted between the two groups, the area comprised by Peyer's patches was decreased in TPN rats. The number of transported lymphocytes and the ratio of helper T (Th) cells to suppressor/cytotoxic T (Ts/c) cells in intestinal lymph were lowered after TPN treatment. In an immunohistochemical study of the rat ileum, the number of T cells and the Th/Ts/c ratio were decreased both in the intraepithelial spaces and in the lamina propria of TPN rats. The percentage of interleukin-2 receptor-positive cells and the number of IgA-containing cells in the lamina propria were significantly reduced in TPN rats. These results suggest that dietary stimulation might play a role in the maintenance of GALT function and morphology.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Single DNA marker generated by "YAC-Alu PCR" that is end-specific.

A simple strategy for the rapid preparation of an end-specific linking-DNA probe from the YAC-human chromosome 21 DNA recombinant clone and the characterization of this single DNA probe are described. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide primers, based on the consensus Alu sequence, and the Sup4 DNA fragment in the YAC arms were used to amplify end-specific DNA sequences by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for screening of the linking YAC recombinant clones ("YAC-Alu PCR"). Nucleotide sequencing of the product of PCR from human genomic DNA in a YAC insert confirmed the boundary between the vector and the insert and the presence of the 3'-end Alu-like structure. The probe R1, prepared by "YAC-Alu PCR" amplification, was assigned to chromosome 21 by Southern hybridization of somatic cell hybrid DNAs. In situ hybridization allowed localization of the R1 DNA probe to the human chromosome 21q21-q22.1 region. Thus, this approach has significant advantages not only for isolation of a single DNA probe specific for human chromosome 21 but also for the screening of YAC linking recombinant clones for mapping of the human genome.

Animals↗