[Glucoamylase].
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Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase↗
Biomedical subjects
H Taniguchi
Publications and source records attributed to H Taniguchi.
Promotion by vagotomy of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats.
The effects of truncal vagotomy after administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on the incidence and number of gastric carcinomas and gastric acid secretion, gastrin secretion, antral pH, and duodenal reflux were investigated in inbred Wistar rats. Rats were subjected to truncal vagotomy after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment. Vagotomy significantly increased the incidence and number of adenocarcinomas of the glandular stomach. It also resulted in significantly more atypical glandular hyperplasias, which are precursors of gastric cancer. Furthermore, it caused a decrease in gastric secretion and an increase in mucosal pH in the antrum but did not increase duodenal reflux. These findings indicate that vagotomy has a promoting effect on the development of gastric cancers. The reduced gastric acid secretion, but not duodenal reflux, may be related to this increased incidence of gastric cancer.
Animals↗
[Factors influencing the determination of serum bilirubin].
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Adolescent↗
[The concomitant effects of SM-4300 with some antibiotics on severe bacterial and/or fungal infections in surgery].
SM-4300, a newly developed human immunoglobulin preparation, has been studied for the safety and effectiveness/efficacy in the 16 patients with severe bacterial and/or fungal infections which are resistant to antibiotic therapy. Clinical effect of 16 cases were excellent 1 case, good 4, fair 4, poor 4 and unknown 3. The efficacy rate was 38.5% and the efficacy rate including fair was 69.2%. No remarkable adverse reaction due to administration of SM-4300 were observed.
Adolescent↗
[Isopullulanase from Aspergillus niger].
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Aspergillus niger↗
[Rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase].
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Animals↗
Role of the electron transfer system in microsomal drug monooxygenase reaction catalyzed by cytochrome P-450.
Four protein components of the hepatic microsomal electron transfer system, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, cytochrome P-450, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, and cytochrome b5, all purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-pretreated rabbits, were co-reconstituted into liposomes of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine. The electron transfer rates between the four protein components were measured directly by the stopped-flow method with the reconstituted systems of different compositions, and the effect of the change of the composition on the monooxygenase activity was simultaneously determined. The results obtained led to the following conclusions: (i) The first of the two electrons required for the monooxygenase reaction is exclusively supplied via NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, whereas the second one is preferentially supplied via cytochrome b5. (ii) The rate-limiting step of the overall monooxygenase reaction is the introduction of the second electron, or a step later than that, if the second electron is sufficiently supplied. (iii) All four proteins seem to distribute randomly on the plane of liposomal membranes, and the interaction between them is caused by the lateral diffusion of the proteins.
Animals↗
Phosphorylation of rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 LM2 and its effect on monooxygenase activity.
The phosphorylation of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 LM2 by catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (W. Pyerin et al. (1983) Carcinogenesis 4, 573) has now been studied in detail with purified soluble form of cytochrome P-450 as well as with the purified protein incorporated into model membranes. The apparent Km values for P-450 of the phosphorylation reaction in all experimental systems were in a range of 2-8 microM, while the Vmax values were dependent on the state of P-450. Upon phosphorylation, the reconstituted enzyme activities with benzphetamine (N-demethylation) and 7-ethoxycoumarin (O-deethylation) as substrates were reduced to 30-40% of control.
Animals↗
Substrate binding site of microsomal cytochrome P-450 directly faces membrane lipids.
Cytochrome P-450, purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rabbits, was incorporated into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes. The binding of benzphetamine to the liposome-bound cytochrome P-450 was examined by measuring the benzphetamine-induced spectral change at various temperatures. The van't Hoff plot of the apparent spectral dissociation constant showed a distinct break at the temperature of phase transition of the synthetic lipid. On the other hand, no such break was observed for benzphetamine binding to microsomal bound cytochrome P-450. These results suggest that the substrate binding site of cytochrome P-450 is embedded in the apolar interior of phospholipid bilayer membranes.
Animals↗
Production of monoclonal antibodies to islet cell surface antigens using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese diabetic mice.
Non-obese diabetic mice display a syndrome with dramatic clinical and pathological features similar to those of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in man. Circulating autoantibodies to the surface of islet cells were demonstrated in some of these mice by a protein A radioligand assay. To produce monoclonal antibodies to islet cell surface antigens, therefore, we took the spleens of non-obese diabetic mice, transferred the spleen cells into non-immunized recipient mice, which were made immunologically incompetent by a large dose of X-irradiation, and then fused their lymphocytes with FO mouse myeloma cells. After screening the resultant hybrids, one stable hybridoma (3A4) that produced a monoclonal antibody (IgG1) specifically bound to the surface of islet cells was obtained. The purified monoclonal antibody was bound to the surface of transplantable Syrian golden hamster insulinoma cells sevenfold more than control antibody. Adsorption of the antibody on mouse spleen lymphocytes or thymocytes resulted in only a slight decrease in 125I-protein A binding to insulinoma cells. This antibody also reacted with the surface of mouse and rat islet cells, but not with that of rat spleen cells or hepatocytes. A spectrophotometric assay for peroxidase activity demonstrated that six times more peroxidase bound to insulinoma cells incubated with the antibody than to cells treated with control antibody. Furthermore, this antibody could be visually detected in the immunoenzymatic labelling of the surface of insulinoma cells. In summary, we have developed a novel method of producing monoclonal antibodies to the surface of islet cells for probing into the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes.
Animals↗
Bacteriocin activity of the bacterium Bacterionema matruchotii isolated from dental plaque in man.
Production of bacteriocin by five strains of Bacterionema matruchotii isolated from dental plaque was confirmed. It was detected in the culture supernatant and inhibited the growth of various species of oral indigenous bacteria. The bacteriocin adsorbed only to sensitive cells.
Actinomyces↗
Reorganization of contractile elements in the platelet during clot retraction.
Electron microscopic studies have been carried out on human platelets in the clot retraction. In the early stage of clot formation, platelets send out filopodia, in which thin filaments run longitudinally. The thin filaments are often observed to attach to the cell membrane where fibrin strands bind from the extracellular surface. In the later stage of clot formation, thick filaments become observable, mainly in the cell body of the platelets. These thick filaments are arranged to form an ordered array, and thin filaments run parallel to them. The thin filaments often attach to the end of the thick filaments. However, thin filaments are not seen between the arrays of thick filaments. Similar structures are also observed in the cytoskeleton of the contracted platelet. These filaments closely resemble the purified myosin aggregates formed under low ionic strength. Thus, during clot retraction, both actin and myosin in platelets are reorganized into thin and thick filaments, respectively.
Blood Platelets↗
Diagnosis of early gastric cancers in the upper part of the stomach by the endoscopic Congo red-methylene blue test.
The clinicopathological features of the early gastric cancers in the upper part of the stomach, and the accuracy of their diagnosis by routine endoscopic examination were examined, and the accuracy of diagnosis of minute and flat cancers in the upper portion of the stomach by routine endoscopic examination and by the endoscopic Congo red-methylene blue test developed in our clinic were compared. Early cancers in the upper part of the stomach occurred in the elderly patient, and grossly elevated types were frequent. Endoscopically they were most difficult to diagnose by a single routine endoscopic examination, because they were frequently overlooked, and adequate biopsy was difficult in some cases. A correct diagnosis of minute and flat cancers in the upper part of the stomach by routine examination was made in only 27.3% and 25.0% of the cases, respectively. But with the Congo red-methylene blue test the diagnostic rate was raised significantly to 75.0% and 83.3%, respectively. In this test, Congo red and methylene blue sprayed on the surface of the tumor were bleached white 2 to 5 minutes after application, in sharp contrast to the unaffected mucosa.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Isolation and characterization of a filamentous phage, Vf33, specific for Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
Phage Vf33, a filamentous phage about 1,400 nm long and 7 nm wide, specific for Vibrio parahaemolyticus, was isolated and characterized. The buoyant density of Vf33 in CsCl was 1.292 g/cm3. As with other filamentous phages, the lytic activity of Vf33 was resistant to heating below 80 C and to treatment with diethylether, acetone or methanol but sensitive to chloroform. The nucleic acid of this phage is single-stranded circular DNA 8.4 kb in size. The viral genome was converted to a double-stranded replicative form in the host-cell. Among the strains tested, only V. parahaemolyticus strains possessing K38 antigen was sensitive to the phage.
Bacteriophages↗
Plasmid profiles of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Fukuoka, Japan.
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Gonorrhea↗
Oncogenecity of an avian erythroblastosis virus in mutant strains of Japanese quails.
The susceptibility of 12 mutant strains of Japanese quails to the R strain of avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV) was examined. Three strains, SBPP, PNN and CWE, showed high susceptibility and developed various types of tumors including erythroblastosis, hemangioma and myeloblastic leukemia. In relatively resistant WE strain, increased incidence and various types of tumors were observed by modification of host conditions. These results indicate pluripotential oncogenicity of AEV in quails as well as partial control of AEV-oncogenesis by genetical background of the host.
Alpharetrovirus↗