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Biomedical subjects

H Takai

Publications and source records attributed to H Takai.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Plasma thrombomodulin concentration in diabetes mellitus.

Thrombomodulin is an endothelial cell membrane protein acting as a cofactor for the activation of plasma protein C. Recently, it was found that soluble forms of thrombomodulin exist in plasma. Although the physiological significance of circulating thrombomodulin is presently obscure, it may reflect injury of the endothelial cell. In the present study, we examined plasma thrombomodulin concentrations in 106 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Plasma thrombomodulin was determined by a sandwich ELISA employing monoclonal anti-thrombomodulin antibodies. The patients with proteinuria had higher plasma thrombomodulin concentrations (61.0 +/- 36.0 ng/ml) compared to the patients without proteinuria (33.6 +/- 9.5 ng/ml, P less than 0.001) and control subjects (32.8 +/- 6.5 ng/ml, P less than 0.001). Plasma thrombomodulin concentrations were positively correlated with the level of serum creatine, blood urea nitrogen, urinary albumin and urinary beta 2-microglobulin (P less than 0.001 for each), but not with fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c or fructosamine. Elevated plasma thrombomodulin was also observed in the patients with pre-proliferative (63.4 +/- 28.9 ng/ml) or proliferative retinopathy (57.4 +/- 34.7 ng/ml), but not in the patients with non-proliferative retinopathy (33.5 +/- 12.9 ng/ml) or those without retinopathy (32.4 +/- 8.9 ng/ml). Even in the 81 diabetic subjects without proteinuria as determined by a dip and read method, and whose serum creatinine was lower than 1.0 mg/dl, the plasma thrombomodulin concentration was significantly higher in the patients with pre-proliferative (41.5 +/- 4.4 ng/ml) and proliferative retinopathy (41.0 +/- 12.8 ng/ml) compared to the patients without retinopathy (32.2 +/- 8.8 ng/ml) and those with non-proliferative retinopathy (31.9 +/- 7.8 ng/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1990

Plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles in pre- and post-menopausal middle-aged runners.

Plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles were compared in middle-aged trained and untrained women before and after menopause. Subjects were assigned to one of four groups: (1) pre-menopausal trained (Pre-T: n = 17, aged 42 +/- 5 years, body fat 19 +/- 5%, training distance 53 +/- 20 km week-1, VO2max 49 +/- 4 ml kg-1 min-1, mean +/- SD); (2) pre-menopausal untrained (Pre-UT: n = 26, 42 +/- 5 years, 24 +/- 7%, 34 +/- 6 ml kg-1 min-1); (3) post-menopausal trained (Post-T: n = 16, 54 +/- 3 years, 20 +/- 4%, 43 +/- 19 km week-1, 41 +/- 5 ml kg-1 min-1); and (4) post-menopausal untrained (Post-UT: n = 15, 55 +/- 3 years, 25 +/- 6%, 31 +/- 3 ml kg-1 min-1). There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (range 173-194 mg dl-1), triglyceride (56-72 mg dl-1), and HDL-cholesterol (HDLC: 76-85 mg dl-1) among the four groups. LDL-cholesterol (LDLC) in the post-menopausal women (Post-T: 96 +/- 32 mg dl-1; Post-UT: 104 +/- 23 mg dl-1) tended to be higher than in the premenopausal women (Pre-T: 86 +/- 25 mg dl-1, Pre-UT: 81 +/- 23 mg dl-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Studies on cardiotonic agents. III. Synthesis of 1-[1-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-substituted 2-imidazolidinone and 2-imidazolidinethione derivatives.

A series of 1-[1-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-substituted 2-imidazolidinone and 2-imidazolidinethione derivatives was synthesized and examined for cardiotonic activity in anesthetized dogs. Alkylation of the 2-imidazolidinone (1) afforded the N-alkylated products, while alkylation of the 2-imidazolidinethione (12) afforded the S-alkylated derivatives accompanied with a small quantity of the N-alkylated products. The N-alkylated derivatives showed generally potent activity, and the S-alkylated ones exhibited weak activity. Insertion of an alkyl group between the piperidine and the imidazolidinone moiety generally resulted in a fall in activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Studies on cardiotonic agents. IV. Synthesis of novel 1-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)piperidine derivatives carrying substituted hydantoin and 2-thiohydantoin rings.

A series of novel 1-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)piperidines carrying substituted hydantoin and 2-thiohydantoin rings was synthesized and examined for cardiotonic activity in anesthetized dogs. Introduction of isopropyl and sec-butyl group at the 5-position of the hydantoin and thiohydantoin rings led to potent inotropic activity. Effects of insertion of an alkyl chain between the piperidine and the hydantoin rings were also examined. The structural requirements necessary for optimal cardiotonic activity within the series were investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Optimal calcium concentration for the proliferation of oral mucosal epithelial cells from adult rabbit in vitro].

We studied a primary culture of oral epithelial cells from adult rabbit and reported about dose-dependent growth by Ca increase. Therefore, in the present study we examined the relationship between total Ca, or Ca ion concentration and the proliferation of oral epithelial cells. The results were as followings. 1. The optimal Ca concentration for the growth in primary culture of oral epithelial cells was affected by the serum concentration in the medium. But Ca ion concentration for the best growth was in 10-30 micrograms/ml (0.25-0.74 mM) regardless of the serum concentration. 2. The optimal Ca ion concentration was shifted to 3-20 micrograms/ml (0.075-0.5 mM) in the medium containing chelated serum. This fact, suggests that the chelated serum may play different action from whole serum. 3. The optimal Ca ion concentration in the present study was higher density region than Hennings's view (0.04-0.1 mM) and it was lower than that of Tong (1.4-2.8 mM). Our data coincided with that of Wille (0.18-0.36 mM) who used MCDB 153 medium.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Relation of running distance to plasma HDL-cholesterol level in middle-aged male runners.

This study examined the relation of training distance to plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) concentration in runners. Forty-eight male endurance runners, aged from 30 to 57 years, were classified into three groups according to training distance (Grade I: n = 12, 30 km/week; Grade II: n = 22, 60 km/week; Grade III: n = 14, 100 km/week in average running distance), with 12 non-lean and 12 lean subjects as age-matched untrained controls. There were no significant differences in plasma total cholesterol among the groups (194-208 mg/dl on average). HDLC level was significantly higher in the untrained, lean group than in the untrained, non-lean men (63 +/- 13 vs. 46 +/- 8 mg/dl, mean +/- SD). HDLC levels in all the runner groups were significantly higher than in untrained, lean subjects, and no differences were observed among Grade I, II and III runner groups (76 +/- 15, 76 +/- 13, 77 +/- 11 mg/dl, respectively). This study suggests that further increases in HDLC could not occur in response to further elevation of training distance in well-trained runners.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of clarithromycin in treatment of acute dental infections. Comparative double-blind study using josamycin as the control].

In order to objectively evaluate the usefulness of clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), a new oral macrolide antibiotic, in the treatment of acute dental infections, a double-blind comparative clinical trail was conducted using josamycin (JM) as the control drug. TE-031 was administered at a daily dosage of 400 mg in 2 divided doses, and JM was given at a daily dosage of 1,200 mg in 3 divided doses. The administration period was, as a rule, 7 days. A total of 302 patients were administered with the test substances (TE-031 and JM), and the clinical efficacy was evaluated by investigators for 284 patients and by a committee using a score method for 273 patients. Efficacy rates as evaluated by the investigators were 77.2% (105/136) in the TE-031 group and 69.6% (103/148) in the JM group. Efficacy rates as evaluated by the committee by the score method were 86.0% (111/129) in the TE-031 group and 80.6% (116/144) in the JM group. The differences between the 2 drug groups were not statistically significant. The investigators' evaluation of the clinical efficacy in the treatment of osteitis of the jaw gave an efficacy rate of 83.0% (44/53) in the TE-031 group and 64.7% (33/51) in the JM group. The efficacy rate in the TE-031 group was statistically higher than that in the JM group. Side effects were recorded in 7 patients (4.8%) in the TE-031 group and 3 patients (2.0%) in the JM group, while abnormal laboratory test values were detected in 3 cases each in the TE-031 and JM groups. None of these differences were statistically significant. The usefulness rates ("satisfactory" plus "very satisfactory" cases) were 73.9% in the TE-031 group and 70.3% in the JM group and were thus almost the same for the 2 drug groups. On the basis of the above results, TE-031 was concluded to be a useful drug in the treatment of acute dental infections and is expected to be able to achieve almost identical clinical efficacy as JM at only one-third of the usual dosage of JM.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of roxithromycin in odontogenic infection].

The clinical effectiveness and safety of roxithromycin (RU 28965, RU), a new macrolide antibiotic, were compared with those of josamycin (JM) using a double-blind method in the treatment of orofacial odontogenic infections. The diseases covered in this study were periodontal infections, pericoronal infections and osteitis of jaws. Drugs were administered for 3 to 7 days at daily doses of 300 mg (RU) and 1,200 mg (JM). A total of 270 cases was evaluated in this study. Results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The clinical efficacy was evaluated through the judgement of doctors in charge of 247 cases (128 in the RU group and 119 in the JM group) and by a committee on the 3rd day of treatment in 243 cases (126 in the RU group and 117 in the JM group). Clinical efficacy rates according to the committee judgement were 78.6% for the RU group and 82.1% for the JM group. As for the evaluation through the doctors' judgement, they were 79.7% for the RU group and 73.1% for the JM group. There was no significant difference in clinical effectiveness between 2 groups according to these 2 methods of judgement. 2. Some side effects were observed in 4 cases (2.9% out of 136) treated with RU and in 3 cases (2.4% out of 126) treated with JM. No severe symptoms were observed. Abnormal changes in laboratory test values were noted among 7.9% in the RU group and 4.0% in the JM group. There were no significant differences in their safety between the 2 groups. 3. In terms of clinical usefulness, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups as well. From these results, it has been concluded that RU (daily dose 300 mg) is as effective as JM (daily dose 1,200 mg) in the treatment of orofacial odontogenic infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Observation of fatigue unrelated to gross energy reserve of skeletal muscle during tetanic contraction--an application of 31P-MRS.

The mechanism of muscle fatigue was studied by 31P-MRS. During tetanic contraction for 2 minutes(min), the tension measured with a strain gauge and Phosphocreatine(PCr)/Inorganic phosphate(Pi)+ Phosphomonoester(PME) ratio decreased to 31.5 +/- 4.4% of the control value and 0.6 +/- 0.1, respectively. The intracellular pH(pH) also decreased to 6.62 +/- 0.04. Toward the end of the stimulation, the tension decreased to 25.3 +/- 1.9% of the control value. However, during 20min stimulation, the PCr/(Pi+PME) ratio increased to 2.5 +/- 0.5 and the pH to 6.91 +/- 0.04. These results show that muscular fatigue is ascribable not to a decreased level of high energy metabolites required for actomyosin ATPase, but to an increase in the threshold intensity of excitation in excitation-contraction coupling.

Animals↗