Photoemission from single-crystalline Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
H Takagi
Publications and source records attributed to H Takagi.
Calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP), a putative processing enzyme of the neuropeptide, kyotorphin, in the brain.
Kyotorphin (Tyr-Arg) accumulation in the dialysed synaptosol from the rat brain in the presence of an inhibitor of kyotorphin-degrading enzyme, was maximal at neutral pH. This accumulation was activated by calcium ions, but was inhibited by leupeptin and SH-blocking agents, a finding which suggests the involvement of calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP or calpain). In addition, the kyotorphin-precursor protein, being processed by purified mu- or m-CANP, was detected at about 160 kDa on Sephacryl S-300 chromatography of the synaptosol. The present findings seem to be the first evidence for the role of CANP as a processing enzyme of neuropeptide-precursor in nerve terminals.
Animals↗
Adrenergic projection from the caudal part of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius to the parabrachial nucleus in the rat: immunocytochemical study combined with a retrograde tracing method.
The presence of an adrenergic projection from the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) to the parabrachial nucleus (PB) was demonstrated by the immunocytochemistry combined with a retrograde tracing method. Numerous neurons containing both phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, a marker for adrenaline, and wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase, a retrograde tracer, were detected in the dorsolateral part of the NTS at the level of the area postrema after injection of the tracer into the dorsal PB.
Adrenergic Fibers↗
Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons receive synaptic inputs from dopaminergic axon terminals in the rat neostriatum.
Double immunocytochemistry using peroxidase-antiperoxidase and protein A-gold was performed to determine whether neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactive neurons receive synaptic inputs from catecholaminergic axon terminals in the rat neostriatum. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive axons were found to be in synaptic contact with the somas and proximal dendrites of NPY-immunoreactive neostriatal neurons. These latter neurons were medium-sized and had indented nuclei, and thus were thought to be medium aspiny interneurons. Thus nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons may monosynaptically influence striatal NPY neurons.
Animals↗
[A case of recurrent breast cancer for which NSE was a useful tumor marker].
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Immunohistochemical localization of CA 19-9 and CEA in pancreatic carcinoma and associated diseases.
The distribution of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), on pancreatic carcinomas and associated diseases correlated with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) localization is described. Immunohistochemical examinations were made on pancreatic specimens from 45 patients with pancreatic carcinoma. In normal pancreatic duct, the antigens were restricted to the luminal surface. In some hyperplastic epithelium, however, they were localized not only to the basolateral plasma membranes but also to the cytoplasm. In neoplastic glands, the antigens were distributed over the entire surface of the cells and in the surrounding stroma adjacent to the basal membranes of the malignant cells. The findings were compatible with previous observations of CEA and secretory component (SC) localization in gastric and colonic mucosa. In addition, the staining intensity of CA 19-9 in the routine formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections was much superior to that of CEA. The relationship between CA 19-9 and other blood group antigens, such as Lewis a and Lewis b, also was discussed. Localizations of these antigens in pancreatic tissues are useful for the biologic analysis of abnormalities of the pancreatic duct epithelium, and may well facilitate pathologic diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Multiple functioning paraganglioma associated with polycythemia.
Multiple retroperitoneal functioning paraganglioma complicated by polycythemia is reported in the case of a girl who, at the age of 13 years complained of headache, palpitation, and faintness preoperatively. In the retroperitoneal cavity, there were 21 paragangliomas larger than 1 cm in diameter. All were removed surgically in two sections, the first in 1979 and the second in 1983. Bilateral adrenals were macroscopically normal, and her symptoms disappeared. Now the recurrence of retroperitoneal paraganglioma is likely, although there have been no symptoms for 8 years, since the first operation. It is difficult to conclude that the tumors were benign or malignant in this case. Though complication of polycythemia had been diagnosed before the operation, the symptom continued even with the serum erythropoietin level kept in the normal range. Association of polycythemia with paraganglioma is extremely rare, and it is also rare to find more than 10 paragangliomas. Only a limited number of reports have been made on each case in the literature.
Adolescent↗
Gastrin producing cells in the regenerating mucosa of the small intestine.
The presence of gastrin producing cells in the regenerating mucosa of the small intestine in 9 out of 19 patients with Crohn's disease, nonspecific ulcer or tuberculosis was histochemically examined, employing the method of peroxydase-antiperoxydase complex. Gastrin producing cells were found in 19 out of a total of 23 specimens with pyloric gland metaplasia, whereas they were found to be present in only 1 out of a total of 15 specimens without pyloric gland metaplasia. They were usually seen in the glands adjacent to the metaplastic pyloric glands. No gastrin producing cells were seen in the control specimens. It is suggested that gastric gland metaplasia of the small intestine is a true metaplastic change, into mucosa which has the functional property of the stomach.
Adult↗
Characteristics of three human gastric cancer cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU-GC-4.
Three human gastric cancer cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU-GC-4 were established in vitro from the cancer tissues obtained from 3 patients during surgery. The pathological findings of the gastric tumors of these cases revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (and partial signet-ring cell carcinoma in the case of NU-GC-4). NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-4 were originally obtained from metastatic paragastric lymph nodes and NU-GC-3 was obtained from a metastatic tumor in the brachial muscle. The cells of NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-3 are polygonal in shape and grow as a monolayer sheet. NU-GC-4 cells, however, are mainly spherical in shape with a few free floating cells. Electron microscopy revealed epithelial characteristics in all 3 cell lines. The average doubling time of NU-GC-2 was 36.1 hours, that of NU-GC-3 was 38.2 hours and that of NU-GC-4 was 29.9 hours. The modal chromosome number of NU-GC-2 was 62, that of NU-GC-3 was 58 and those of NU-GC-4 grown in in vitro and in vivo were 52-54 and 53, respectively. In vitro and in vivo lines of NU-GC-4 were established from the same tumor. These two cell lines are quite similar in morphology, but slightly different in karyotype. The in vitro sensitivity to anticancer agents was highest in NU-GC-4 and lowest in NU-GC-2. Of the anticancer agents, mitomycin C and adriamycin were most effective on the cells of all 3 cell lines.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Systemic hemodynamics in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension--a clinical study of 19 patients.
The features of systemic hemodynamics were analyzed in 19 non-cirrhotic patients with prominent esophageal varices. The patients were divided into two groups; Group I comprised 8 patients with an occluded extra-hepatic portal vein and Group II comprised 11 patients with a patent extra-hepatic portal vein whose histopathological diagnosis was idiopathic portal hypertension or hepatic fibrosis. An increase in the cardiac index and a decrease in the total peripheral resistance were significant in both groups when compared with 12 control patients (p less than 0.01). There was a significant correlation between the cardiac index and plasma volume in the 14 non-cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension (r = 0.537, p less than 0.05), but no significant relationships were identified between the cardiac index and liver functional values. These results reveal that the systemic hemodynamics in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension are significantly hyperdynamic, as in cirrhotic portal hypertension. They also suggest that the expanded plasma volume secondary to the enlargement of the portal bed might be closely related to the mechanism of hyperdynamic systemic circulation in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Adolescent↗
Total thyroparathyroidectomy in patients with thyroid cancers and changes in erythrocytic Mg levels following parathyroautotransplantation.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) rapidly decreases in patients with thyroid cancers, even after autotransplantation following total thyroparathyroidectomy. Simultaneously, serum calcium (Ca) and erythrocytic Ca levels also decrease, and in some cases, tetanic symptoms caused by hypocalcemia may occur. Assuming that magnesium (Mg) might participate in the alteration of Ca and PTH levels, the postoperative changes in intracytoplasmic Mg levels of erythrocyte were determined for several days. In the present paper, red blood cells (RBC) were used as a substitute for general somatic cells and controls were taken from patients with breast cancers. Although the erythrocytic Mg levels of the patients with thyroid cancers showed almost no change until day 7, an apparent decrease was noted in the patients with breast cancers during the period from day 1 to day 7, with a significant difference being seen between the two groups. Assuming that the operative invasions were compatible between these two groups of patients, the difference may be explained by a rapid decrease of postoperative serum PTH in the patients with thyroid cancers.
Calcium↗
Co-localization of neurotensin- and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivities in catecholamine neurons in the rat dorsomedial medulla.
Co-localization of neurotensin and cholecystokinin in tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry with fluorescent double-staining combined with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Co-localization of neurotensin/tyrosine hydroxylase or cholecystokinin/tyrosine hydroxylase was consistently found in small neurons in the region dorsomedial to the tractus solitarius at the level of the area postrema with high percentages of co-existence: 91.0% tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons contained neurotensin and 91.1% cholecystokinin, suggesting that they represent the same neurons. Accordingly, co-localization of neurotensin and cholecystokinin was assessed on tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons bisected into two adjacent sections, and then identified in a certain number of the catecholamine neurons in this region. Furthermore these catecholamine neurons exhibited immunoreactivity for an adrenaline-synthesizing enzyme, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. It was concluded that catecholamine, in particular adrenaline, neurons, characterized by co-localization of neurotensin and cholecystokinin, established a distinct subpopulation in the catecholaminergic system in the dorsomedial medulla of the rat.
Animals↗
Reconstitution of rat brain mu opioid receptors with purified guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins, Gi and Go.
Reconstitution of purified mu opioid receptors with purified guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) was investigated. mu opioid receptors were purified by 6-succinylmorphine AF-AminoTOYOPEARL 650M affinity chromatography and by PBE isoelectric chromatography. The purified mu opioid receptor (pI 5.6) migrated as a single Mr 58,000 polypeptide by NaDodSO4/PAGE, a value identical to that obtained by affinity cross-linking purified mu receptors. When purified mu receptors were reconstituted with purified Gi, the G protein that mediates the inhibition of adenylate cyclase, the displacement of [3H]naloxone (a mu opioid antagonist) binding by [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (a mu opioid agonist) was increased 215-fold; this increase was abolished by adding 100 microM (guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate. Similar increases in agonist displacement of [3H]naloxone binding (33-fold) and its abolition by guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate were observed with Go, the G protein of unknown function, but not with the v-Ki-ras protein p21. In reconstituted preparations with Gi or Go, neither [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (a delta opioid agonist; where Pen is penicillamine) nor U-69,593 (a kappa opioid agonist) showed displacement of the [3H]naloxone binding. In addition, the mu agonist stimulated both [3H]guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate binding (in exchange for GDP) and the low-Km GTPase in such reconstituted preparations, with Gi and Go but not with the v-Ki-ras protein p21, in a naloxone-reversible manner. The stoichiometry was such that the stimulation of 1 mol of mu receptor led to the binding of [3H]guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate to 2.5 mol of Gi or to 1.37 mol of Go. These results suggest that the purified mu opioid receptor is functionally coupled to Gi and Go in the reconstituted phospholipid vesicles.
Animals↗
Total parathyroidectomy with forearm autograft for secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure.
One hundred twenty-eight patients with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism underwent total parathyroidectomy with forearm autograft. Postoperative clinical improvement was remarkable. In all cases, the grafted tissue functioned well, and reimplantation of the cryopreserved parathyroid tissues was unnecessary. Intact 1-84 parathyroid hormone was more sensitive than C-terminal parathyroid hormone in parathyroid hormone level (PTH) gradient assays of grafted and nongrafted forearm. The study of hypocalcemia was also helpful in obtaining more distinct PTH gradients. Five of 119 patients had supernumerary parathyroid glands (4.2%), which preoperative noninvasive image diagnosis of parathyroid glands was helpful in detecting.
Adult↗
Paraganglioma of the cauda equina.
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Cauda Equina↗
Serial changes in acute extradural hematoma size and associated changes in level of consciousness and intracranial pressure.
The authors report the cases of 37 patients encountered during the past 4 years who exhibited acute extradural hematoma but were initially treated conservatively because no or only small hematomas were observed on admission. The frequency of hematoma enlargement, hematoma size, and changes in the level of consciousness and intracranial pressure (ICP) were examined in these patients. The hematomas enlarged in 24 (64.9%) of the 37 patients, and attained a maximum thickness of 25 mm or greater in 19 patients (51.3%). The level of consciousness could be closely observed during enlargement of the hematomas in 13 patients: the level remained unchanged in eight, deteriorated in two, and improved in three, indicating relative stability in the state of consciousness despite the marked changes in hematoma size. The patients whose hematoma enlarged after the initial examination included three who underwent initial CT examination 5 hours after the injury. In five patients enlargement of extradural hematomas was observed unexpectedly during conservative treatment under ICP monitoring. The ICP also remained stable in three patients until the follow-up examination, but showed a rapid increase in two after a period of stability. However, there was no difference in the final size of the hematomas between the patients showing an increase in ICP and those who did not. These findings suggest that extradural hematomas enlarge progressively at rates varying with the condition of the source of hemorrhage. Moreover, a period of stability in the level of consciousness, such as the lucid interval seen in patients with extradural hematoma, is considered to be a period during which compensatory mechanisms can maintain the stability of the intracranial condition during progressive enlargement of the hematoma.
Adolescent↗
[Relief from hemodialysis after combined chemotherapy and left-nephrectomy. A case of stage IIB, non-seminomatous testicular tumor].
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Acute Kidney Injury↗
[Effect of combination therapy with an adriamycin-lipiodol emulsion and a mitomycin C microcapsule in hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by portal thrombosis].
An intra-arterial injection of an Adriamycin-Lipiodol emulsion and a Mitomycin C microcapsule has been given to two patients of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated with a tumor thrombosis of the portal trunk. One patient showed a partial response, while the other evidenced no change, alpha-Fetoprotein decreasing from 4510 to 419 ng/ml in the partial response case, and from 328 to 283 ng/ml in the no change case. In each instance the hepatic injury treated by this combination therapy was mild and reversible. Bone marrow suppression by this therapy was not demonstrated. Thus, this therapy is thought to be applicable to cases of hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with a tumor thrombosis of the portal trunk who should not be indicated for transcatheter arterial embolization.
Aged↗