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Biomedical subjects

H Takada

Publications and source records attributed to H Takada.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Detection of precancerous lesions of the bladder by contact-micro-cystoscopy].

Contact-micro-cystoscopy is a new method to examine the bladder epithelium by micro-endoscope after staining. According to this method, normal epithelium was stained slightly and showed smooth surface and small, sparse nuclei. Neoplastic lesions were stained deeply and showed irregular surface and large, dense nuclei. One hundred and sixty nine biopsy specimens of cystoscopically normal bladder mucosa were analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of neoplastic lesions by this method was 75.9%. In vivo mapping of the bladder epithelium was also possible using this method in association with random biopsy. Contact-micro-cystoscopy was thought to be useful to detect precancerous lesions or flat carcinoma of the bladder which was difficult to be detected by conventional cystoscopy.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1989

[Complete remission of brain metastasis of bladder cancer treated by M-VAC therapy].

A case of brain metastasis from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder that attained complete remission by methotrexate-vinblastine-adriamycin-cisplatin (M-VAC) therapy was reported. The patient was a 53-year-old male, already treated with total cystectomy and CAP therapy against pulmonary metastasis, which disappeared completely. At 8 months after complete remission of pulmonary metastasis, brain metastasis was found. One course of M-VAC therapy brought a complete remission persisting for 7 months. He is alive with no relapse.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

[Prognosis of bladder tumor patients treated by TUR].

One hundred and eleven cases of bladder tumors were treated with transurethral resection (TUR) and transurethral electrocoagulation as the initial treatment from 1974 and 1983. Eighty nine cases were male and 22 cases were female. The average age was 60.1 years old. Of the 111 patients, 57, 33, 2, 1 and 15 patients had a tumor of Ta, T1, T2, T3a and Tx respectively. The number of grades G0, G1, G2, G3, GX cases was 1, 38, 40, 17, 12, respectively. Other than these, 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 1 of adenocarcinoma were included. The actual survival rates for 5 years in Ta and T1 were 84.4 and 88.9% respectively, and the relative survival rates were 99.5 and 109.1%. TUR was recommended for superficial bladder tumor because of good prognosis. The 5-year recurrence rates for single tumors with and without prophylactic bladder instillation were 21.4 and 27.5% respectively, and those for multiple bladder tumors were 58.6 and 51.8%. There was no significant difference between the group with and without bladder instillation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Effect of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats.

The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) and linoleic acid (n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid) on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats were studied. Male Donryu rats were given two types of semipurified diet containing 4.7% EPA plus 0.3% linoleic acid and 5% linoleic acid. The rats were given s.c. injection of azoxymethane (7.4 mg/kg body weight once a week for 11 weeks) and sacrificed 15 weeks after the last injection of azoxymethane. The tumor incidence and tumor yields (tumors per rat) of the colon were significantly lower in rats on the EPA diet compared to those on the linoleic acid diet; i.e., 33%, 0.41 +/- 0.61 and 69%, 1.66 +/- 1.69, respectively. In the analysis of phospholipid fatty acid composition, the colon tumor showed higher levels of arachidonic acid and lower levels of linoleic acid than those in the normal colon mucosa in both diet groups. Despite the increase of arachidonic acid in colon tumor, the EPA diet suppressed the excessive production of prostaglandin E2, which may be accompanied with neoplastic formation, whereas linoleic acid diet caused a marked increase in the tumor content of prostaglandin E2 compared to normal colon mucosa. These results suggest that EPA exerts its inhibitory effect on colon carcinogenesis by modulating lipid metabolism and inhibiting prostaglandin E2 synthesis in tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Structural requirements of lipid A species in activation of clotting enzymes from the horseshoe crab, and the human complement cascade.

The structure/activity relationship of lipid A, a bioactive center of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides, in the activation of the clotting enzyme cascade of a horseshoe crab amoebocyte lysate (Limulus activity) and the complement system in human serum, was examined using synthetic lipids A and related compounds. Regarding Limulus activity, a newly developed colorimetric method, which utilizes a mixture of recombined clotting factors and a chromogenic substance, was much more sensitive for detecting changes in the chemical structure of test compounds than the conventional gelation method using the amoebocyte whole lysate. (beta 1-6)-D-Glucosamine disaccharide bisphosphates, which had neither 3-hydroxyacyl nor 3-acyloxyacyl groups, and acylglucosamine phosphates, which in structure correspond or are analogous to the non-reducing or reducing moieties of lipids A and biosynthetic disaccharide lipid A precursors showed only negligible activity in the colorimetric tests, but they exhibited a distinct though much weaker gelation activity than the parent disaccharide molecules. The assay results obtained by the colorimetric Limulus test correlate better with the pyrogenicity of the test synthetic compounds than those given by the gelation method, although the dependence of pyrogenicity on chemical structure is greater. The presence of 3-hydroxyacyl groups on the bisphosphorylated (beta 1-6)-D-glucosamine disaccharide backbone is the prerequisite for effective activation of the clotting enzyme cascade of horseshoe crab amoebocyte lysate, while the presence of an adequate number (one or two) of 3-acyloxyacyl groups on the disaccharide bisphosphate backbone is needed for full pyrogenicity. Complement activation, on the other hand, showed structural requirements quite different from those for the colorimetric Limulus activity and the pyrogenicity. The disaccharide compounds that had only non-hydroxylated acyl groups, acylated glucosamine phosphates that had the structure of the non-reducing portion of lipids A and biosynthetic disaccharide precursors, which were scarcely active in the colorimetric Limulus test, caused complement activation comparable to or sometimes stronger than that of the parent disaccharide molecules. Acylglucosamine phosphates, corresponding in structure to the reducing moiety of disaccharide compounds, however, showed little activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Immunobiological activities of a porin fraction isolated from Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953.

From Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953 cell envelope fraction whose inner membranes had been removed by treatment with sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate, an outer membrane protein (37,000 Mr in a native state) was prepared by extraction with lithium dodecyl sulfate. The protein thus obtained showed distinct porin activity, namely, the ability to form hydrophilic diffusion pores by incorporation into the artificial liposome membrane. The porin fraction exhibited strong immunobiological activities in the in vitro assays: B-cell mitogenicity and polyclonal B-cell activation on murine splenocytes, stimulatory effects on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages, and enhancement of the migration of human blood monocytes. The porin fraction also exhibited immunoadjuvant activity to increase the antibody production against sheep erythrocytes in the spleen of mice that were immunized by sheep erythrocytes with porin. Although chemical analyses revealed that the test porin fraction contained a considerable amount of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (around 12% of the fraction), the studies with LPS-nonresponding C3H/HeJ mice and on the inhibitory effects of polymyxin B strongly suggest that most of the above bioactivities are due to porin protein itself, not to coexistent LPS in the porin fraction.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

Structural requirements of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides and bacterial cell walls in induction of interleukin-1.

A variety of compounds, synthetic, semisynthetic or bacterial, which corresponds to structural components of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans were studied for their activity to enhance interleukin-1 (IL-1) production of murine peritoneal macrophages and the ability to activate the complement cascade in fresh adult human serum. Not only bacterial LPS and cell walls or peptidoglycans but also their structural components with appropriate size and structure induced IL-1 production by macrophages and activated the human complement cascade, which may lead to the IL-1 production by monocytes/macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical comparison of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-human serum albumin (99mTc-HSA-D) and 99mTc-human serum albumin (99mTc-HSA) for cardiac blood pool imaging].

99mTc-HSA-D has been developed as a new blood pool scanning agent. Clinical comparison of 99mTc-HSA-D and 99mTc-HSA was made in 16 cases. The activity concentration of 99mTc in blood was measured during 2 hours after the injection in five cases. 99mTc-HSA-D showed higher concentration compared to 99mTc-HSA with the passage of time. Quantitative analysis of contrast between left ventricle and septum was performed on end diastolic frames of gated images 10 minutes after the injection. There was no obvious difference between 99mTc-HSA-D and 99mTc-HSA. The subjective comparison of detectability of lesions between the two agents was performed on three directional gated images. 99mTc-HSA-D was superior to 99mTc-HSA, because the images of the latter deteriorated with the passage of time. On anterior view images 1 hour after the injection, left ventricle/lung and abdominal aorta/background count ratios were greater for 99mTc-HSA-D in many cases. There was no obvious difference in liver/background and kidney/background count ratios between the two agents. Urinary excretion of 99mTc was considerably lesser for 99mTc-HSA-D. The results indicated that 99mTc-HSA-D was superior to 99mTc-HSA for cardiac blood pool imaging.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[The primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of renal pelvis: a case report].

A case of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis is reported. A 55-year-old man visited our clinic with lumbar pain. He had a history of left renal stone and had left partial nephrectomy four years previously. Physical examination revealed a hard, child-head-sized, unmovable and uneven tumor in the left side of the abdomen. Intravenous pyelography revealed the non-functioning left kidney with calcification, in which hydronephrosis was detected by computed tomography. In transabdominal sonography a huge mass with mixed echo pattern was observed. Aspiration biopsy under interventional ultrasound was performed, aspirating yellow-white semi-transparent mucinous substance, which was highly suspicious of malignancy by cytology. He died 74 days after the first admission. Autopsy revealed primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis. This was thought to be the 14th case of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis reported in the Japanese literature.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the perinatal period. A study of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the perinatal co-research group].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in the perinatal period were carried out, and the results obtained are summarized below. 1. IPM/CS transfers to umbilical cord plasma and amniotic fluid were effective. Passage of IPM/CS into mother's milk was as little as with other beta-lactam antibiotics. 2. Among 81 patients with perinatal infections, clinical efficacies were excellent in 16 patients, good in 62, poor in 3, with an efficacy rate of 96.3%. In addition, IPM/CS was effective in 6 patients for prophylaxis. 3. Out of 82 isolates examined for bacterial responses, 69 isolates were eradicated and 8 isolates were decreased. Especially, of 13 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis, 12 were eradicated. 4. In 109 patients administered with IPM/CS, vomiting was observed in 1 patient. No abnormal laboratory test values were observed. 5. IPM/CS was an effective and safe new antibiotic in perinatal infections. We recommend a normal dose of IPM/CS of 0.5 g/0.5 g twice a day and a dose for severe infections of 1 g/1 g twice a day in the perinatal period.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1988

[Study of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the perinatal period].

The placental passage and therapeutic efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) were studied in the perinatal period. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The mean biological half-life of IPM in maternal serum was 30 minutes. 2. The umbilical cord serum concentration of IPM was about 70% of that in maternal serum after 30 minutes. 3. A significant level of IPM was found in the amniotic fluid. The amniotic fluid concentration of IPM was over 1 micrograms/ml at 45 minutes after administration and equal to that in maternal serum at about 90 minutes. 4. In 4 patients, the time course of placental transfer of IPM was investigated. The level of IPM in amniotic fluid was higher than that in maternal serum at 90 minutes after administration and gradually increased afterward. 5. The level of IPM was 3.96 micrograms/g in the fetal membranes at 17 minutes after administration. 6. In the treatment of 12 patients with perinatal infections, the preparation showed excellent efficacies in 3 patients and good efficacies in 7 patients. 7. An adverse effect (vomiting) was observed in only one patient. In conclusion, this drug showed satisfactory placental transfer as well as sufficient safety and excellent efficacy in the treatment of perinatal infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Effects of cryoprotectants and sucrose dilution on the survival of unfertilized and fertilized mouse eggs after freezing and thawing].

We have studied the methods of cryopreservation and dilution of the unfertilized and fertilized eggs of ICR mouse. To improve the survival rate, we examined 8 types of methods with various combination of cryoprotectants, dilutions and cooling rates. The highest survival rate for unfertilized eggs was obtained when 1.5 M dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) + 0.25 M sucrose was added to PBS as a cryoprotectant and when the eggs were diluted by adding PBS with 0.5 M sucrose at room temperature at 5-minute intervals in 5 steps. The total survival rate was 45.4% (p less than 0.01). In the case of fertilized eggs, the highest survival rate (72.6%) was obtained with 10% glycerol + 0.25 M sucrose as a cryoprotectant and a One-step dilution method. The most effective cooling rate was 0.3 degrees C per minute for either unfertilized or fertilized eggs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Reduced operation for rectal cancer].

The effectiveness of extended dissection of higher-ranked lymph nodes in patients with rectal cancer has been well recognized recently. However, to prevent postoperative bladder and sexual dysfunction, reduced lymphadenectomy and autonomic nerve preservation are necessary. By definition a reduced operation for rectal cancer attempts to preserve the autonomic nerve and the levator ani muscles without hampering recovery. To clarify the indication of reduced operation for rectal cancer, 219 patients with rectal cancer who underwent resections at our hospital between 1980 and 1986 were analyzed. The relationship of the depth of tumor invasion through the bowel wall to lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer was examined. In cases of rectal cancer limited to submucosa or muscularis propria, the degree of metastatic spread was n0 or n1 (+). In the cases of rectal cancer invading subserosa, serosa or contiguous structures, the degree of metastatic spread was n3(+) or n4(+). Concerning the relationship of the histopathological type and 5-year survival rate, the corrected 5-year survival rate was 72.46% in cases of well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 48.84% in cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. From these results, reduced lymph node dissection and autonomic nerve preservation are possible in patients with well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with invasion into the mucosa, submucosa and muscularis propria.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Size and location of tumors influencing the effect of bladder instillation therapy.

The clinical results obtained in 81 cases of bladder tumor are used as a basis for discussion of factors influencing the effect of bladder instillation therapy. The following conclusions are derived: 1) If bladder instillation therapy aims only at complete remission (CR), tumors over 1 cm in diameter should be excluded, because this is the theoretical size limit beyond which instillation therapy cannot lead to CR. 2) At least 40 ml of drugs may be needed for instillation therapy for tumors located in area B, the limited part posterior to the trigonum.

Administration, Intravesical↗