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Biomedical subjects

H Sugano

Publications and source records attributed to H Sugano.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The intramucosal cysts of the stomach. VI. Their quantitative and qualitative characteristics in focal (elevated) neoplastic lesions.

The topographical position of the atypical epithelium replacing the lining of intramucosal gastric cysts was systematized in 88 Japanese resected stomachs having focal (elevated) neoplastic lesions. In the majority of lesions (87.5%) the atypical epithelium had replaced part of the luminal aspect of the cysts, suggesting that the replacement of the cysts by the atypical epithelium followed a downwards direction (i.e. towards the muscularis mucosa). Micrometric determinations indicated that the intramucosal cysts were larger beneath focal (elevated) neoplastic lesions than in the adjacent non-neoplastic gastric mucosa, suggesting that the cause (s) responsible for the retention of secretion had been present for a longer time in the former lesions. In some cysts, clusters of atypical cells or papillary formations with atypical cells were present at the narrowest part of the outlet from the glands, substantiating an obstructive-causal mechanism in those cysts.

Cysts↗
PubMed1984

Dose-response studies on promoting and anticarcinogenic effects of phenobarbital and DDT in the rat hepatocarcinogenesis.

Possible discrepancy between the dose level required for promoting action, when given after initiation process, and that needed to exert an anticarcinogenic effect when given simultaneously with a carcinogen, of hepatic promoters were investigated in an attempt to obtain a 'practical' threshold dose of promoters. Phenobarbital (PB) and dichlorophenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were used as promoters and 3'-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)-azobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) was used as the carcinogen. Male weanling rats were treated with 600 p.p.m. 3'-Me-DAB for 3 weeks followed by a diet containing a promoter at various dose levels (5-500 p.p.m.), or the animals were treated with a low dose (100 p.p.m.) of 3'-Me-DAB plus a promoter at various dose levels (20-500 p.p.m.). The effects of promoters were measured by scoring size and number of enzyme-altered islands at weeks 12 and 24 of rat age. The promoting effect of PB and DDT was demonstrated in dose-dependent fashion, in the dose range of 10-500 p.p.m. and 20-500 p.p.m., respectively. On the other hand, promoters given simultaneously with a low dose of carcinogen enhanced the carcinogenesis at all the dose levels tested, quite in contrast with their inhibitory effect on carcinogenesis when given together with relatively high doses of carcinogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Interaction of secretory protein precursors with phospholipids in liposomes.

The precursors of secretory proteins were synthesized in a reticulocyte lysate system programmed with rat serum albumin or human placental lactogen mRNA and their interaction with phospholipids in liposomes was studied. The precursor proteins could bind to acidic phospholipids that have an exposed phosphate such as dicetyl phosphate and phosphatidic acid or a phosphate that is covered by a small moiety such as phosphatidylglycerol. The binding of precursor proteins was dependent on the mol% of acidic phospholipids in lecithin-liposomes, increased with elevation of temperature in the range of 0 to 45 degrees C, and was not inhibited by the addition of a large excess of mature proteins. Mature proteins or proalbumin showed no significant binding to the liposomes containing acidic phospholipids. About 15% of the acid-precipitable radioactivity bound to the liposomes was resistant to protease digestion. This radioactivity was shown to correspond to methionine-containing peptides with molecular weights of 2,500 to 3,500. These results indicate that the post-translational insertion of a small part of the precursor proteins into the membrane did occur with the present model system, but the post-translational transfer of precursor proteins across the membrane did not.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Influence of family history, irradiation and anti-cancer drug (mitomycin C) on the occurrence of multiple primary neoplasms in breast carcinoma patients].

The influence of family history, irradiation and anti-cancer drug (Mitomycin C) on the occurrence of multiple primary neoplasms was analysed using the person-year method in 1359 Japanese breast carcinoma patients. There were 111 multiple primary neoplasms, including bilateral breast cancer, in 109 patients; the incidence rate was 0.0072 per person-year. The incidence rate in patients with a family history of cancer was 1.29 times higher than in those without. In the bilateral breast cancer group there was about a 3 times higher frequency of family history of breast cancer. Irradiation therapy raised the occurrence of multiple primary neoplasms 1.28 fold, and Mitomycin C (40 mg) had no effect on the occurrence of neoplasms during a 10-year observation period.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[So-called carcinosarcoma of the breast--report of 4 cases].

Four cases of so-called carcinosarcoma of the breast were studied histopathologically. The patients were females aged 44, 37, 44 and 77 who were admitted to the Cancer Institute Hospital for breast tumors. Histologically, the tumors showed proliferation of sarcomatous cells with relatively small amounts of papillotubular carcinoma or scirrhous carcinoma. There were transitions between the sarcomatous portion and carcinoma. Two cases showed squamous metaplasia merging into the sarcomatous component, whereas the other 2 showed transition from adenocarcinoma to sarcomatous element. Lymph nodal metastases in 2 cases were papillotubular carcinoma. One patient died of lung and brain metastases, and autopsy revealed only sarcomatous element.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Significance of the lamina muscularis mucosae of the stomach in invasiveness of gastric cancer].

Gastric carcinoma in the fundic gland area has a greater tendency to submucosal invasion than that in the pyloric gland area. In order to clarify the reason for this phenemenon, we investigated the thickness and structure of the lamina muscularis mucosae (LMM) of both the fundic and pyloric areas, using 15 subtotally resected stomachs. The average thickness of the LMM of the fundic and pyloric gland areas was 56 microns and 104 microns, respectively, the former being significantly thinner than the latter. On the contrary, no remarkable difference was seen between the two areas in the roughness of the mesh pattern made up of interlacing smooth muscle fibers. These findings suggest that the more likely occurrence of submucosal invasion of carcinoma in the fundic gland area is attributable to the distinct thinness of the LMM in that area through which the mucosal carcinoma invades the submucosal layer.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Large intestinal carcinogenesis. III. Studies in low-incidence (Japanese) patients.

Recent studies have demonstrated that at the early stages of carcinogenesis of the large intestine(s) (LI), severely dilated crypt(s) (SDC) appear followed by atypical and/or neoplastic crypt(s) (ANC) and, subsequently, carcinomas. Thus both SDC and ANC appear to be premalignant changes and are probably initiated foci. Since the Japanese in Japan (JIJ) show a much lower rate of large intestinal carcinomas (LIC) compared to people in the Western Hemisphere, a study was designed to answer the question: Is the difference between the rates due to a difference in initiation or promotion? If the difference is due to less initiation, large intestinal epithelium of JIJ should contain fewer initiated foci. For testing this hypothesis, a retrospective histopathologic study was conducted on 100 LI of JIJ resected at the Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan, between 1977 and 1978, and mucosae remote from carcinomas were examined for SDC and ANC. In sharp contrast to a 100% incidence of SDC in the cases in the United States, only 1 of 100 LI of patients with LIC at the Cancer Institute demonstrated the presence of SDC. However, ANC was seen in 10 of 100 LI (10%), a figure comparable to that in the United States (7%). The extreme rarity of SDC in JIJ represents lesser initiation of that type. The presence of a comparable number of ANC in JIJ indicates that ANC is the predominant morphologic type of initiated foci in JIJ. This study suggests that not only promotional agents but also different initiating factors may be responsible for the difference in incidence and prevalence of LIC in the two populations. Comparative studies of parallel experimental animal models with the use of high and low doses of azoxymethane support this conclusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Cervical adenocarcinoma: histologic staging and pelvic lymph node metastasis].

The relationship between histologic staging of cervical adenocarcinoma and pelvic lymph node metastasis was analyzed in 138 patients who had undergone hysterectomy. In AIS, the cervical glands were replaced by cancer. When glandular or solid cancer budding into the stroma was identified in AIS, it was designated Stage Ia adenocarcinoma. Pelvic lymph node metastases were found in cases with Stage Ib-III adenocarcinoma, but not in Stage Ia adenocarcinoma. This suggests that Stage Ia adenocarcinoma might be treated the same as AIS.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Lack of promotion effect of phenobarbital on pulmonary tumorigenesis in ddy mice initiated by transplacental exposure to 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea.

The promoting effect of phenobarbital (PB) on lung tumorigenesis in mice was examined. Pregnant ddy female mice were injected ip with a single dose of 50 mg/kg 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea at the 16th day of gestation. Offspring, 160 in total, were divided into two groups: one group of animals was fed a diet containing 0.05% PB continuously and the other was kept on the basal diet. All the animals were killed at 6 months of age and the number, size and histology of pulmonary tumors were examined. There were over 10 pulmonary tumors per animal on average, measuring from 0.5 to 10.2 mm in size, and the histology varied from grade I to III in atypism. A comparative study revealed no difference between PB-treated and control mice in any aspect of the tumorigenesis. It was concluded that PB does not have promoting effect on pulmonary tumorigenesis in this system.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Previous abortions exert favourable effects on the prognosis of breast cancer patients].

The effect of previous abortions, both induced and spontaneous, on the prognosis of breast cancer patients was analysed, applying the hazard regression model of 1190 radically mastectomized Japanese women. The 10-year disease-free survival rate of 800 patients without abortion, 312 with one or two abortions and 78 with 3 or more abortions was 64.8%, 69.8% and 77.3%, respectively. Previous abortions had a significantly favourable effect on the prognosis when the effects of 8 other co-variants were taken into account (p = 0.008). Histologic findings on resected materials showed that patients with previous abortions had a higher incidence of well-differentiated breast cancer (25%) than those without abortions (19%) (p = 0.026). The former group had significantly less metastasis to visceral organs (11.8%) than the latter (17.5%) (p = 0.011) when the first recurrence site was investigated.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1983

Poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. A clinicopathologic entity for a high-risk group of papillary and follicular carcinomas.

The relationship between histologic type and survival of 258 thyroid malignancies has been analysed. A new clinicopathologic entity, poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid, is proposed. Papillary and follicular carcinomas of the thyroid showed no significant difference in survival rates. Both tumors were histologically separated into well differentiated and poorly differentiated carcinomas, so that thyroid cancer, deriving from follicular cells, was divided into well differentiated, poorly differentiated, and anaplastic carcinomas. The characteristic histology of poorly differentiated carcinoma was the presence of solid, trabecular and/or scirrhous patterns. Poorly differentiated carcinoma was found in 13.6% of all thyroid malignancies, and its prognosis was worse than that of well differentiated carcinoma. The differences of survival rates among well differentiated, poorly differentiated and anaplastic carcinomas were statistically significant. Prognostic data support the suggestion that the clinicopathologic entity of poorly differentiated carcinoma is of value in determining management and survival of thyroid cancer patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

A rapid method for removal of detergents from protein solution.

A simple and rapid technique is described for the removal of Triton X-100, deoxycholate, and cholate from protein solutions. The method involves a 2-min centrifugation of the sample on a Bio-Beads SM-2 bed prepared in a microcentrifuge tube and is suitable for multiple assays of 0.05- to 0.45-ml samples. Another advantage of this method is the high recovery of proteins without dilution of the sample.

Cholic Acid↗
PubMed1983

An improved method for separation of low-molecular-weight polypeptides by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel.

An improved system for SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, capable of analyzing polypeptides having molecular weights from 1500 to 100,000 (especially showing high resolving power in the 1500 to 25,000 molecular weight range) is described. The 10 to 18% linear gradient gel containing 7 M urea with an acrylamide:bisacrylamide ratio of 20:1 and the Laemmli discontinuous buffer was used. The use of the gel with a high crosslinkage ratio is shown to be effective in lowering the leakage of low-molecular-weight polypeptides from the gel. This method has facilitated rapid detection of small amounts of low-molecular-weight polypeptides in body fluids by the use of silver stain. A procedure is presented for the elimination of false bands on the gel frequently encountered during silver staining. The separation patterns of enzymatic cleavage products of proteins, uremic plasma, and urines from nephropathy patients are illustrated. This system is also applicable in the separation of lipopolysaccharides and also for the detection of phospholipids.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1983

Classification of intramucosal cysts of the stomach.

The occurrence of intramucosal cysts in the mucosa of resected stomachs was recorded in 91 consecutive patients having synchronous focal (elevated) dysplasia and/or adenocarcinoma elsewhere in the stomach. Intramucosal cysts were classified into foveolar cysts, pyloric gland cysts, fundic gland cysts, intestinal metaplastic cysts and ciliated-cell cysts. The most common type was intestinal metaplastic cyst, which was present in 60% of the patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo and in vitro.

Various chemicals including phenobarbital (PB) have been shown to act as promoters in hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents. The effect of initiation and/or promotion of chemicals can be quantitatively measured by scoring the number and size of enzyme-altered islands (EAI). The effect of promotion is proportional to the period of treatment and is much greater when the promoter is given earlier after initiation. A unique aspect of hepatic promoters is their inhibitory action against carcinogenesis when given simultaneously with a carcinogen, reducing both the initiating and promoting activities of the carcinogen. With the aid of the promoting action of PB, carcinogenic activity of pure initiators is demonstrated. Promoting effect of PB was found at as low a dose as 5 ppm, which corresponds to 20 mg per 50 kg person per day, a dose several times less than the common therapeutic dose. In an attempt to analyze the mechanism of promotion and also to develop a model system for detecting environmental promoters in vitro, hepatic cells obtained from animals during carcinogenic treatment were transferred to a culture system. Cells comprising EAI after a certain critical stage gave rise to proliferative epithelial cell foci. Some hepatic promoters showed a growth enhancing effect on these foci while others did not, suggesting both the existence of direct action by some promoters on initiated cells and the presence of different promoter mechanisms. Chronic treatment with PB selectively induced gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in "spontaneous" hepatomas of C3H mice, suggesting that PB may enhance the expression of altered gene functions of initiated cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Morphological studies on precancerous lesions of the stomach and large intestine].

Precancerous conditions (high cancer-risk status) in the stomach and large intestine were discussed from a histological point of view. As to the conditions for the stomach, polyps (hyperplastic polyps and atypical epithelial lesions of flatly elevated type, so-called ATP), intestinal metaplasia and chronic ulcer (including ulcer scar), and as to those for the large intestine, adenomas and mucosa with some mucous changes were selected for this study. ATP was considered to be a neoplastic lesion rather than a hyperplastic or regenerative one, appearing with a high risk for a carcinoma of well-differentiated type: the lesion showed high incidence of focal carcinoma, particularly the ones more than 2 cm in diameter. Intestinal metaplasia has been frequently observed in the Japanese and when this change is drastically taken place, a consideration should be taken as a high risk factor for a well-differentiated carcinoma. Chronic gastric ulcer does not imply by itself a precancerous condition; however, the stomachs with ulcer seem to produce a several times higher incidence of coexistent carcinomas elsewhere in the stomach compared those without ulcer. Whether or not most of the invasive carcinomas are developed from adenomas remains debatable, even though adenoma of the large intestine is commonly suggested as a precancerous condition. A de novo carcinoma making an invasive carcinoma should also be considered. An increased sialomucin production in the mucosa of the large intestine occurred in a wide range also a possible factor for existence of carcinomas. Mucin changes demonstrated by Culling et al were discussed.

Adenoma↗