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Biomedical subjects

H Sommer

Publications and source records attributed to H Sommer.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Whole gut irrigation and Prepacol laxative preparation for colonoscopy: a comparison.

Two techniques for preparation of the colon for colonoscopy were compared in a controlled trial. Fifty patients given a low residue diet and the laxative Prepacol were compared with 50 patients given whole gut irrigation. Significantly more patients suffered from vomiting (P = 0.0005), shivering (P = 0.0062) and nausea (P = 0.031) following irrigation; in two cases the procedure had to be abandoned because of profuse vomiting. Irrigation was less well tolerated by the patients (P = 0.00002) than preparation with Prepacol. On the other hand, the quality of bowel preparation was found to be better (P = 0.0005) after irrigation. On two occasions colonoscopy was not possible following Prepacol preparation because of faecal residue. Patients with a previous colorectal resection showed a similar quality of cleansing to those patients prepared with irrigation. We conclude that Prepacol is as efficient as irrigation for patients who have had a previous colorectal resection because the quality of bowel preparation is as good and the associated patient discomfort is small.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Deficiens, a homeotic gene involved in the control of flower morphogenesis in Antirrhinum majus: the protein shows homology to transcription factors.

Deficiens (defA+) is a homeotic gene involved in the genetic control of Antirrhinum majus flower development. Mutation of this gene (defA-1) causes homeotic transformation of petals into sepals and of stamina into carpels in flowers displaying the 'globifera' phenotype, as shown by cross sections and scanning electronmicroscopy of developing flowers. A cDNA derived from the wild type defA+ gene has been cloned by differential screening of a subtracted 'flower specific' cDNA library. The identity of this cDNA with the defA+ gene product has been confirmed by utilizing the somatic and germinal instability of defA-1 mutants. According to Northern blot analyses the defA+ gene is expressed in flowers but not in leaves, and its expression is nearly constant during all stages of flower development. The 1.1 kb long mRNA has a 681 bp long open reading frame that can code for a putative protein of 227 amino acids (mol. wt 26.2 kd). At its N-terminus the DEF A protein reveals homology to a conserved domain of the regulatory proteins SRF (activating c-fos) in mammals and GRM/PRTF (regulating mating type) in yeast. We discuss the structure and the possible function of the DEF A protein in the control of floral organogenesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Feasibility and effectiveness of a defined-formula diet regimen in treating active Crohn's disease. European Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study III.

In a randomized multicenter trial the efficacy of treatment of active Crohn's disease by means of a liquid defined formula diet (DFD) was tested and compared with a combination of 6-methyl-prednisolone and sulfasalazine. A total of 95 patients participated in the study. By the end of 6 weeks, among 44 patients randomized to drug treatment, 32 showed improvement of the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) as compared with 21 of 51 patients receiving oral DFD (p less than 0.05). The proportion of withdrawals in the DFD group (29 of 51) was sevenfold higher than in the drug group (4 of 44). However, most patients (20 of 29) receiving DFD withdrew because of the unpalatability of the liquid diet. Analysis of patients in each group who finished the study showed equal effectiveness of DFD and the drug regimen. In these subsets of patients the CDAI decreased from 280.8 +/- 90.6 to 151.7 +/- 86.5 (DFD) and from 263.7 +/- 86.3 to 129.3 +/- 63.7 (drug), respectively. Improvement of inflammation factors was similar in both groups at the end of the study, although improvement was delayed in the DFD group. In conclusion, our data show a superiority of the drug combination over DFD in the treatment of Crohn's disease under the conditions of this trial. The results do suggest, however, that DFD offers a therapeutic alternative to prednisolone and sulfasalazine in a subgroup of patients, which has to be closer characterized in further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Urogynecologic follow-up examinations after radiotherapy of gynecologic malignancies].

47 women treated by radiotherapy for gynecologic malignancies have been examined urogynecologically. There are only some changes of subjective cystometric parameters (volume of the first desire to void, bladder capacity), but statistical significant changes of the parameters "compliance" and "bladder pressure at capacity". The parameters of urethrocystometry and uroflowmetry are not influenced by irradiation. The urethroscopy demonstrates a white mucosa of the bladder wall caused by irradiation fibrosis, agreeing to data reported by literature. Only 10 of the 47 patients examined had to be treated by drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Importance of psychometric studies in gynecological tumor follow-up care].

100 patients successfully treated for gynecological tumors and 100 females who never had suffered from a malignant disease were investigated for neurosis by means of a special questionnaire according Höck and Hess. 52% out of the tumours patients and 42% of the control group demonstrated symptoms and signs of neurosis. The difference was not significant. Patients with tendency to depression or neurosis can be detected with psychometric methods and treated accordingly.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Morphology, clinical aspects and therapy of perinatal hypoxic central nervous system damage. A pedoneuropsychiatric follow-up analysis in relation to the neurohistologic spectrum of findings].

The histological localization and extent of ZNS-lesions caused by perinatal hypoxia has been examined in 83 cases. The neuropsychiatrical patterns of 71 in preschool and school age children after perinatal hypoxia were also investigated. Predominantly a brain stem damage with nerve cells lesions, hemorrhages and disturbance of neuroglia are found. In 1 fourth of the cases, nerve cell damage was localized in the medulla spinalis. Intramedullar hemorrhages can be observed in 10% of the cases. 41% of the cases showed subarachnoidal bleedings. Neuropsychiatrical examinations showed varying degrees of brain stem dysfunction in accordance with neurohistological findings. 1 third of the risk children demonstrated minimal brain dysfunction. In 10% an early rehabilitation of resulted in an amelioration of the ZNS-function. Special attention should be drawn to partial ZNS-disturbance-children. The problems of therapy are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cloning of the potato virus Y genes encoding the capsid protein CP and the nuclear inclusion protein NIb.

DNA was synthesized complementary to the RNA genome of potato virus Y (PVY; strain GO 16) and cloned into lambda vectors. The size of PVY-specific Eco RI-restricted cDNA ranged from 0.3 to approximately 22kb. Two of the cDNA clones each of which contained some 4kb of cDNA sequence starting from the 3'-polyadenylated terminus were characterized by sequence analysis. Presence of a single open reading frame suggests that PVY-specific proteins are synthesized as a polyprotein precursor. As with other sequenced potyvirus RNAs the gene for the PVY capsid protein CP is located next to the 3'-untranslated region followed by the genes for the putative RNA polymerase (nuclear inclusion protein NIb) and the virus-specific protease (nuclear inclusion protein NIa). The 3'-trailing sequence of the PVY strains cloned is highly homologous to the corresponding region of pepper mottle virus (PeMV) and suggests that PeMV is not a distinct member of the potyvirus group, but another strain of PVY.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Results of therapy of endometrial carcinoma and analysis of risk factors in comparison with a control group].

Overall 1,021 patients with endometrial carcinoma were treated between 1965 and 1982 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena. The 5-year-survival rate of all patients amounted to 63%. The 5-year-survival probability with primary surgery was 76.1%, with primary irradiation 34.4%. The frequency of risk factors in the patient group was compared with an age adjusted group of patients who underwent a D & C due to irregular bleeding of benign causes. Overweight and infertility were evaluated as significantly more frequent risk factors in cancer patients. There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning the factors hypertension, diabetes, heart-diseases, irregular bleeding and history of carcinoma in the family.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Affect from the biological and psychiatric viewpoint].

The human frame of mind is a biological and psychic problem. The man is able to influence his mood in contrast to the animal, because the human brain is functionally an open system. The questions, which result from this opinion will be demonstrated. The influence of psychopharmaca and of drugs is an actual problem of human behaviour and must be considered in the therapy of mental disturbances.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Transposon-induced alterations in the promoter region affect transcription of the chalcone synthase gene of Antirrhinum majus.

Four solid-colour revertants were isolated from the highly variegated niv-53::Tam1 mutant, in which the transposable element Tam1 is integrated in the promoter region of the chalcone synthase (chs) gene. DNA sequence analysis revealed that in all four lines the Tam1 element was deleted together with flanking nucleotides of the chs promoter. In one case the TATA box of the chs gene was removed resulting in extremely low expression of the gene, and initiation of transcription occurring at a new position. The other three deletions defined a sequence motif (TAC-CAT) which is apparently required for maximal gene expression. Thus transposable elements seem to be useful for probing gene structure, in this case the signal structure in the promoter region, by virtue of imprecise excision.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1988

A method for the determination of N-nitrosoalkanolamines in cosmetics.

A method für the determination of N-nitrosoalkanolamines in cosmetics and toiletries is described. The ingredients used in their manufacture N-nitroso-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine (N-nitrosodiethanolamine, NDELA) and N-nitroso-bis-(2-hydroxy-propyl)amine (NBHPA) are almost exclusively the contaminants. The method has therefore been modified for their determination. N-Nitroso-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-(2-hydroxypropyl)amine is used as the internal standard. After dilution with water, the cosmetic is adsorbed onto a kieselguhr column and extracted with n-butanol. The extract is brought to dryness, re-dissolved in chloroform/acetone (5 + 1) and transferred to a silica gel column. The column is washed and eluted with acetone. The eluate is dried and the residue is treated with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl-heptafluorobutyramide. Trimethylsilyl (TMS)derivatives of N-nitrosoalkanolamines are determined by gas-chromatography with a thermal energy analyzer (TEA). Recovery of the internal standard is 95% and the determination limit is 5 micrograms/kg, Repeated analyses of a foam bath, spiked with 30 micrograms/kg NDELA, gave an average content of 32 micrograms/kg NDELA (variation coefficient 8.8%; n = 10). In order to avoid artefact formation during the clean-up process, kieselguhr containing 50% sodium ascorbate has to be used when cosmetics containing free dialkanolamines are analyzed.

Alkanes↗
PubMed1988

Large bowel tumors and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in patients: a new approach for risk group identification.

In the intestinal mucosa, diamine oxidase (DAO) seems to be involved in a feed-back regulation mechanism for the termination of proliferation. Therefore, we studied the DAO activity in large bowel tumors and in the non-affected mucosa of these patients in comparison with patients having a normal large mucosa. The DAO activity in the tumor tissue itself was diminished by 85% as compared to the surrounding mucosa. Comparing the colonic mucosa of normal and tumor bearing individuals, the DAO activity in cancer patients was diminished by 22%, while it was elevated by 64% in patients with polyps (biphasic response of the DAO activity). Histologically proven hyperproliferative mucosal alterations were indicated by a reduced DAO activity with 75% sensitivity and 42% specificity. It remains open whether this limited specificity may indicate a more sensitive reaction of the DAO activity to proliferative mucosal alterations than the histological examinations.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1988

Inhibition of human neutrophil migration by supernatants from Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines.

The contribution of defective neutrophil function to the increased susceptibility to infection observed in patients with Hodgkin's disease is unclear. We describe cell-directed inhibition of normal human neutrophil migration by serum-free culture supernatants of the Hodgkin-derived cell line L428 KSA, tentatively termed Hodgkin-derived leucocyte factor (HDLF). This factor inhibits both random migration and migration toward different chemoattractants, appears to bind to the cell surface and is stable at 56 degrees C but destroyed at 100 degrees C. Hodgkin-derived leucocyte factor also stimulates basal neutrophil superoxide production but the cells remain fully responsive to n-formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine. Gel filtration chromatography shows a single peak of migration-inhibitory and superoxide-stimulatory activity at approximately 70,000 g mol-1. Hodgkin-derived leucocyte factor migration inhibition persists in neutrophils from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. Activity of HDLF is completely destroyed by trypsin but unaffected by the protease inhibitor phenyl-methylsulphonylfluoride. Hodgkin's factor appears to be different from previously described neutrophil migration inhibitory factors.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed1988

Prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of benzalazine and sulfasalazine in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis.

Benzalazine (salicylazobenzoic acid, SAB), a 5-azo derivative of 5-aminosalicylic acid, has been designed as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease which might lack the frequent side effects caused by the sulfapyridine moiety of the sulfasalazine molecule (SASP). Here, we report on a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of SAB and SASP in patients with an acute relapse of ulcerative colitis. 43 patients with an acute relapse of ulcerative colitis proven by the pertinent endoscopic-macroscopic and histologic criteria were randomized to receive a 6-week course of either 1 g SASP (n = 21) or the equivalent dose of 0.72 g SAB (n = 22) three times a day. Both groups were comparable with respect to demographic data, previous duration and extension of the disease as well as clinical, endoscopic and histologic severity of the relapse. 1 patient on SASP had to be removed from the study due to side effects, while 3 patients on SAB were removed due to rapid worsening of the disease requiring either surgery (1 patient with toxic megacolon) or additional steroid treatment (2 patients). 2 SAB patients were lost to follow-up after substantial improvement had been observed within the first 3 weeks of treatment. In the remaining patients (20 SASP, 17 SAB), stool frequency, stool consistency and macroscopic appearance as well as histology of the diseased mucosa were improved within 6 weeks, with no significant difference between the two groups with respect to any of the parameters recorded. Side effects were recorded in 5 patients on SASP (3 with nausea, 1 with pruritus and 1 with a generalized exanthema) and in 3 patients on SAB (all nausea and vomiting; difference not statistically significant). We conclude that SAB and SASP in equivalent doses are of similar efficacy in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis.

Acute Disease↗