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Biomedical subjects

H Shoji

Publications and source records attributed to H Shoji.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

High prevalence of infantile autism in Kurume City, Japan.

We surveyed the prevalence of infantile autism in Kurume City. Children born between 1971 and 1979 ranged in age from 4 to 12 years at the time of the survey. We found 51 cases of infantile autism. In each year group, we determined the ratio of the number of cases of infantile autism to the total number of children. The prevalence ranged from 10.4/10,000 to 17.5/10,000, with a mean prevalence of 15.5/10,000. The sex distribution was 42 males (prevalence of 24.8/10,000) and nine females (prevalence of 5.7/10,000). The results showed a significant sex difference, with a male:female ratio of 4:1 (p less than 0.0005). High prevalence rates of infantile autism in Kurume City were confirmed.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1987

Improved range of motion with the Y/S total knee arthroplasty system.

A total knee arthroplasty system (total knee system) was developed by the authors (Y/S) with instrumentation for controlled soft-tissue balancing both in flexion and extension. The prosthesis was designed to take into consideration the kinematic aspect of full flexion. Vigorous daily postoperative rehabilitation was continued for four weeks. Results were good to excellent in all but two of 50 consecutive knee operations on 39 patients. A minimum of 90 degrees flexion was achieved in all cases, with a better average range of motion than those reported in the past. Four patients (six knees), achieved full squatting. The combination of three elements, prosthetic geometry, well-controlled soft tissue balancing for flexion and extension phases, and vigorous rehabilitation, is important for the recovery of range of motion.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Historical update and new developments on the EMG-force relationships of skeletal muscles.

The EMG-force relationships of skeletal muscles are of significant interest to the orthopedic-biomechanics researcher and have been a topic of interest and controversy for the last three decades. We present the developments reported in the literature, from the early 1950s, relevant to this topic, outlining the details of the controversy and providing additional new information resulting from recent studies. New data clearly illustrate that the EMG-force relationships are dependent on the firing rate and recruitment control strategy used by a muscle. Muscles that use motor unit recruitment to obtain the initial 50% of their maximal force, and use firing rate increase to complement the remaining 50%, have a nearly linear EMG-force relationship. Muscles that use recruitment to obtain 60% and up to 100% of their maximal force demonstrate progressive increase in non-linearity of their EMG-force curves. A clear warning is issued against the indiscriminate use of EMG as a representative of muscle force. The recruitment pattern of the muscle under consideration should first be obtained in such a way that the appropriate EMG-force curve is selected.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Bone block transfer of coracoacromial ligament in acromioclavicular injury.

A bone block transfer of coracoacromial ligament into the medullary canal of the clavicle for Grade III acromioclavicular injury was developed in an attempt to prevent occasional pullout of the ligament in the procedure described by Weaver and Dunn. Fifteen consecutive cases (12 acute, three chronic) with Grade III acromioclavicular injury were treated by this method. All but one patient regained painless full range of shoulder motion. All patients returned to previous activity. Failure of coracoclavicular reconstruction occurred in one case. Asymptomatic focal myositis ossificans developed in four cases with no functional deficit.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMed1986

Chymopapain in perspective.

Three hundred fifty-nine patients with herniated nucleus pulposus syndrome were treated by chemonucleolysis with chymopapain. Good to excellent results were achieved in 71% with a minimum of six months follow-up observation. In a group followed for an average of ten years, the result was favorable in 86.6%; 58% of all patients injected had a good to excellent long-term result. Disc space narrowing averaged 2 mm, with no adverse effect on the result. Firm conclusions about the cause of failure of chemonucleolysis could not be drawn. Injection at two levels was recommended when a single offending level could not be identified. There were no cases of anaphylaxis with a premedication regimen of dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, and cimetidine. The procedure was safe and the results were reproducible.

Chymopapain↗
PubMed1986

[A case of Isaac's syndrome--continuous muscle fiber activity syndrome].

A 34-year-old woman noted difficulty of gait initiation, then dilated finger opening and hyperhidrosis appeared. Her stature was a muscular habitus, and muscle stiffness and myokymia were found in all muscles of the extremities. Her stiffness persisted during sleep. Her calf muscles were large and a contracture was noticed in ankle joints. There was no evidence of wasting and weakness. A remarkable delay in voluntary relaxation of the contracted muscles without percussion myotonia was recognized. Tendon reflexes of lower extremities were absent. Laboratory examination revealed elevation of CPK, LDH, myoglobulin, aldolase and basal metabolic rate (BMR). An extraband of CPK isoenzyme between MB and MM fraction was observed. The thin layer gel filtration technique and immunofixation technique showed that this extraband was complexes of CPK and IgA, and light chain of the CPK linked IgA was lambda type. All other laboratory tests were normal for the following: urinalysis, ESR, a blood count, liver function, kidney function, glucose, rheumatoid factor, CRP, thyroid function, parathyroid function, serum electrolytes, ECG, EEG, cranial CT, without slight elevation of IgA, and CSF protein. In needle EMG and surface EMG spontaneous discharges were recorded at rest. These discharges consist of normal motor unit potentials, doublets, and triplets in needle EMG. The discharges were markedly reduced after the median nerve block with xylocaine. In needle EMG, myotonic discharge was not observed. Nerve conduction velocities were within normal ranges. According to these data, she was diagnosed as having Issacs' syndrome (continuous muscle fiber activity syndrome). Carbamazepine, 200 mg daily was administrated and showed a dramatic reversal of the symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

EMG-force model of the elbows antagonistic muscle pair. The effect of joint position, gravity and recruitment.

A piecewise linear model of the elbow antagonistic muscle pair under isometric conditions was developed. The model consists of a linear myoelectric signal-joint force relationship with a mild slope for the force range of 0-30%, and a second, linear segment of steeper slope for the range of 30%-100%. The slope of the agonist, whether biceps or triceps, is fixed for most of the force range at about 1.16 regardless of elbow angle, whereas the slope of the antagonist varies with elbow angle. The antagonist muscle varies its response in such a way that it regulates the net torque about the joint, compensating for the effect of the gravity vector on the joint geometry and limb mass to stabilize the joint. The myoelectric profile of the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the cat during recruitment at synchronous firing rate of 51 pps (maximal tetanic rate) was obtained and compared with the above model. The force-EMG relationship for recruitment was fitted with a second-order polynomial similar but not equivalent to that of the EMG-joint force model. The minor differences were attributed to the effect of the antagonist, proprioception, ligament status and joint geometry.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Neuroleptic properties of Y-516, a new iminodibenzyl derivative].

Iminodibenzyl derivatives have been prepared in our laboratories for development as psychotropic drugs. Among them, carpipramine and clocapramine have already been introduced for clinical use as neuroleptic drugs. In the present study, the pharmacological properties of Y-516, a new iminodibenzyl derivative, were compared with those of carpipramine, clocapramine, haloperidol and sulpiride. Y-516 inhibited apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced hyperactivity in mice, apomorphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced hypothermia in mice, apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced vomiting in dogs, methamphetamine (2 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced hyperactivity in mice and methamphetamine (50 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced mortality in grouped mice. Y-516 also suppressed both lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation behavior in rats and circling behavior induced by methamphetamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the striatum. In these tests, Y-516 was 2--3 times more potent than clocapramine, but less potent than haloperidol. The inhibitory effect of Y-516 on apomorphine (1.25 mg/kg, i.v.)-induced gnawing behavior in rats was slightly more potent than that of clocapramine. Y-516 in combination treatment with methamphetamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) did not induce mortality in rats; however, carpipramine and sulpiride did. The cataleptogenic action of Y-516 was almost equipotent to that of clocapramine. From these results, Y-516 possesses a post-synaptic dopamine receptor blocking action similar to that of the iminodibenzyl antipsychotic drugs, suggesting its potential usefulness as an antipsychotic drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A technique for recording the EMG of electrically stimulated skeletal muscle.

A technique for recording the myoelectric activity of electrically stimulated muscle through its motor nerve without the interference of stimuli artifacts has been developed and tested. The technique consists of a wide band differential amplifier with fine intramuscular wire electrodes. The amplified signal is passed through a Chebyshev low pass filter with eight poles at a frequency of 550 Hz. A stimulus calibration study shows that low frequency stimuli had negligible effect on the EMG when set below three times suprathreshold. A test procedure shows artifact-free EMG during action potential rate stimulation as well as during superimposed high frequency recruitment stimulation.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

The prevalence of mental retardation (MR) in Kurume City.

For the purpose of early detection and intervention in mentally handicapped children, the mental retardation (MR) Monitoring Research Committee in Japan initiated a survey in 1981 to determine the prevalence rate and etiology of MR children who had been born between 1969 and 1974, that's those currently from 7 to 12 years of age, living in Kurume City. We found 154 MR children, and that the prevalence ratios in each year group ranged from 5.7/1,000 to 8.1/1,000. The mean prevalence of MR out of all children in each age year group was 7.1/1,000. Of the 154 MR children, 109 were males (9.8/1,000) and 45 females (4.3/1,000), giving a male excess ratio of 2.4:1. The sex difference was significant (p less than 0.005).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Induction of acute myoclonic encephalopathy in hamsters by subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus.

Myoclonus is a characteristic neurological sign of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Attempts were made to induce myoclonus in a large proportion of hamsters with a cell-associated strain of SSPE virus (the Biken strain) and thereby to establish an experimental model for study of the mechanism of development of this condition. When injected intracerebrally, Biken virus induced myoclonus within two to 14 days in 84% of the three- to nine-week-old hamsters tested. Electroencephalographic traces showed a periodic and synchronous discharge consisting of high-voltage slow waves and spikes that appeared coincidentally with myoclonus. Neurons in the cortex and thalamus of the affected animals had severely degenerated cytoplasm. Inflammatory changes, such as perivascular cuffing or infiltration of mononuclear cells, were not detected. Staining with immunoperoxidase revealed measles viral antigens in the cytoplasm and dendrites of the affected neurons. SSPE virus with the same properties as the parent virus was recovered from brain cells of sick animals by cocultivation with Vero cells.

Animals↗