Biomedical subjects

H Shoji

Publications and source records attributed to H Shoji.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

The antiemetic profile of Y-25130, a new selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.

Y-25130( (+/-)N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)-6-chloro-4-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro - 2H-1,4-benzoxazine-8-carboxamide hydrochloride) is a potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist free of dopamine receptor blocking activity. This compound was effective against emesis induced in animals by cytotoxic drugs or by total body X-radiation. When given prophylactically, the doses required to completely inhibit cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs and doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide-induced emesis in ferrets were 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg i.v., respectively. Y-25130, at the dose of 0.3 mg/kg i.v., almost completely inhibited X-radiation-induced emesis in ferrets. When given during emesis, the doses required to completely inhibit cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs and doxorubicin- and cyclophosphamide-induced emesis in ferrets were 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg i.v., respectively. The i.v. dose of 0.3 mg/kg of Y-25130 was enough to almost completely inhibit cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs for 24 h. From these results, it is suggested that Y-25130 may become an effective antiemetic drug against emesis induced by anticancer therapy.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

CT and MR imaging of acute cerebellar ataxia.

An adult female showed mild cerebellar ataxia and CSF pleocytosis following an acute infection of the upper respiratory tract, and was diagnosed as having acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA). CT and MR appearances in the acute stage revealed moderate swelling of the cerebellum and bilaterally increased signal intensity in the cerebellar cortex.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

Neuroimaging findings (ultrasonography, CT, MRI) in 3 infants with congenital rubella syndrome.

Neuroimaging observations of three infants with congenital rubella syndrome are reported. We have observed congenital rubella syndrome lesions in the subependymal area, the basal ganglia and the deep white matter. Cranial ultrasonography defines subependymal cysts, calcification and possible vascular changes in the basal ganglia while MRI is the most sensitive to minor atrophic changes and white matter lesions. Although CT defines calcification, it is less sensitive than MRI to white matter changes and does not demonstrate subependymal cysts.

Female↗

PubMed1991

Experimental haemarthrosis in rhesus monkeys: morphometric, biochemical and metabolic analyses.

The effects of a single episode of massive haemarthrosis in rhesus monkeys were studied. Autologous whole blood was injected into a femorotibial joint of 16 anaesthetized monkeys, equally divided into four groups and killed 7 days, 2, 3 and 6 months post-injection (PI). Synovial membrane and femoral articular cartilage were analysed morphometrically and articular cartilage was further analysed biochemically and metabolically. At 7 days PI, morphometric evaluation revealed a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in synovial membrane cellularity and synovial intimal thickness of injected joints versus control joints. This change was no longer evident 2 months PI. There was also an overall (n = 16) significant increase (P less than 0.05) in femoral articular cartilage cellularity in injected joints. The average chondrocyte lacuna area of injected joints was not statistically different from the control joints. Biochemical analyses of femoral articular cartilage revealed a significant decrease in hexosamine concentration (P less than 0.05) of injected joints. There was no significant difference between the injected and control joints in hydroxyproline or total protein concentration. Metabolic analyses revealed a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in cartilage collagenous protein production by injected joints compared with control joints. There were no significant differences in cartilage or secreted total protein production between injected and control joints. There were also no significant differences in cartilage or secreted proteoglycan production between joints. Morphometric evaluation of articular tissues following massive haemarthrosis has quantified a temporary hyperplastic reaction. A significant decrease in cartilage hexosamine concentration in haemarthrotic joints suggests this is a crucial biochemical event in the pathogenesis of blood-induced cartilage destruction.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

A case of Marfan's syndrome phenotype associated with neurogenic muscle atrophy.

A 23 year-old man was admitted because of weakness and atrophy in both tights. He was 184 cm in height with arachnodactyly and had a mild dilatation of the ascending aorta which was detected by cardiac echogram and chest CT scan. A laboratory examination revealed normal serum values for mucopolysaccarides and amino acids, and 46XY chromosomes. These findings indicate a Marfan's syndrome phenotype. A neurological finding showed a proximal dominant muscle atrophy and increased deep tendon reflexes. The EMG revealed a polyphasic action potential, and a subsequent muscle biopsy demonstrated a small group atrophy and atrophy of Type II fibers. Neuroradiological studies of brain and spinal cord indicated no substantial abnormalities. Only 4 cases of Marfanoid habit accompanied by primary nervous system disturbances have been reported and these had variable complications or severe neurological deficits. The present case, which involved mild neurogenic muscle atrophy and brisk deep tendon reflexes without complications except myopia, was unique.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma showing multiple HDA on the brain CT--an autopsy case report].

A 67-year-old female suddenly developed a speech disturbance and right hemiplegia. She was diagnosed as having cerebral infarction. Then 2 months later, she had a fever and disturbance of consciousness. She died of respiratory insufficiency. The brain CT showed multiple high density areas with niveau. The autopsy revealed primary pulmonary artery sarcoma and multiple metastasis to the brain, the small intestine, etc. Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma is a very rare tumor which can occur in the pulmonary trunk of a person from any age groups. This case is a very rare one with cerebral metastasis.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[A patient with lambda type light-chain disease associated with Crow-Fukase syndrome and autoimmune thrombocytopenia].

A 67-year-old woman, who presented polyneuropathy, pleural effusion, ascites and sclerosing changes in the ribs, was admitted to our hospital on June 17, 1987. On admission, cerebrospinal examination showed a marked protein-cell dissociation and a delay in nerve conduction velocity. Bence-Jones protein was detected in urine, and the immunohistochemical study of biopsied bone marrow of the rib revealed lambda-chain positive plasmacytoma. Serum immunoelectrophoresis, however, showed no monoclonal gamma-globulinemia. From the findings described above, she was diagnosed as having Crow-Fukase syndrome associated with lambda-type light chain disease. Even with a therapy by prednisolone, platelet counts progressively declined to 10,000/ml3. Bone marrow aspiration showed normal number of megakaryocytes. Since platelet-associated IgG was increased to 452 ng/1.0 x 10(8) plt, a diagnosis of autoimmune thrombocytopenia was considered. Melphalan and cyclophosphamide to plasmacytoma resulted in a marked improvement of platelets. In addition, the level of platelet-associated IgG returned to normal range. Polyneuropathy, however, didn't respond to those therapies. It was suggested that both Crow-Fukase syndrome and thrombocytopenia were closely concerned with plasmacytoma but developed in a different manner.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[HIV infection of CD4-CD8+ T-cell line derived from patients with HAM].

This studies have attempted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in four CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell lines derived from HTLV-I associated myelopathy virus (HAM) patients. Not only CD4+ cell line but also CD8+ cell line could be infected with HIV and CD4+ cell line showed a higher susceptibility than CD8+ cell line on HIV infection. HIV antigen in early stage after HIV inoculation was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) rather than indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). HTLV-I producing CD4+ and CD8+ cell lines became to express two viral antigens (HTLV-I and HIV) after HIV inoculation. The results indicated that CD4-CD8+ T-cell line from patient with HAM can be infected with HIV. So that, we have found that other epitopes except for CD4 antigen may be associated with HIV infection.

CD4 Antigens↗

PubMed1991

[A case of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: demonstration of CA19-9 and CEA positive malignant cells in the CSF and particular elevation of CA19-9 level in the CSF].

A 44-year-old male was admitted for diplopia, headache and gait disturbance. Neurological examination revealed the meningeal irritation sign, the Vth, VII, VIth, IXth and the Xth nerve palsies and cerebellar ataxia of all four limbs. Laboratory studies carried out on the day of admission demonstrated the elevation of serum levels of both tumor markers, carbohydrate 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The estimated serum concentrations of CA19-9 and CEA were 39.4 U/ml and 81.1 ng/ml, respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contained 9 cells/mm3 which consisted of the mixture of malignant cells with appearance strongly suggestive of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and of hemosiderinphagocytizing macrophages. Detection of both CA19-9 and CEA in the tumor cells in the CSF was undertaken by the avidin biotinylated peroxidase complex method by use of monoclonal antibodies against each marker. As the results the following findings were obtained. Namely, although all the tumor cells isolated from the CSF were found to contain both tumor markers, CA19-9 and CEA, there was found a difference in the concentration ratio in CSF vs serum between the markers. The estimated concentration of CA19-9 (61.4 U/ml) in CSF was approximately 1.6 times higher than that in serum. On the other hand, the CSF concentration of CEA remained constantly very low (1.1 ng/ml) as compared with that in the serum throughout the whole course of the disease. In response to intrathecal administration of cytarabine and brain irradiation, the CSF cytological findings became normal and concomitant decrease in the concentration of CA19-9 was demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1990

GM1 ganglioside reduces edema and monoaminergic neuronal changes following experimental focal ischemia in rat brain.

Seventy-two hours following a middle cerebral artery occlusion, the associated increase in water content on the ischemic side was significantly reduced by the exogenous administration of monosialoganglioside GM1 (30 mg/kg, i.p.). The levels of dopamine and serotonin on the ischemic side were approximately 50% and 80% of those on the contralateral non-ischemic side, respectively. Treatment with GM1 (5 times during the first 48 h after occlusion) produced a significant reduction in the levels of dopamine and serotonin loss. The present findings are compatible with the observed protective action of the exogenously administered GM1 following ischemic brain injury.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Full flexion after total knee replacement in rheumatoid arthritis.

The results of the Y-S total knee replacement are reported in 152 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (227 knees). The follow up was from 2 to 4 years (average 2.7 years). The good range of motion generally achieved was attributed to the use of a calibrated distractor for soft tissue balancing, a tibial prosthesis with a flattened plateau and extensive postoperative rehabilitation. Fourteen patients (27 knees) were able to squat fully after operation. A good range of motion before operation was related to a good range after operation. The range and overall results did not differ in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. The knees which recovered full flexion were no different from those with less than full flexion as far as stability and radiographic findings were concerned.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

A follow-up study by CT and MRI in 3 cases of Japanese encephalitis.

A follow-up study by CT and MRI in 3 cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) was performed. Neurologically dementia, forced laughing, tetraplegia and parkinsonism were observed as sequelae. In the CT and MR scans about 3 years after the onset of JE, low-density areas (LDAs) or abnormal signal intensities had remained in the thalamus and basal ganglia. The abnormalities were also found in the brain stem. When the main lesions shown by CT and MRI were compared with those of the acute stage, T2-weighted MRI clearly revealed multiple small areas with high signal intensities, although those in the acute stage had shown diffuse abnormal signals. These findings may be useful in helping to identify JE a long time after the onset.

Brain↗

PubMed1990

Electromyogram power spectra frequencies associated with motor unit recruitment strategies.

The isolated contributions of motor unit recruitment and firing rate variations to the median frequency of the electromyogram's power density spectrum were determined. Orderly stimulation of the cat gastrocnemius motor units via nerve electrodes gave rise to linearly increasing median frequency regardless of the action potential firing rate of the active motor units. Increase in the discharge rate of all the motor units resulted in nearly constant median frequency. It was concluded that the increasing average conduction velocity during motor unit recruitment is the major contributor to variations in the electromyogram median frequency. The possibility of using the median frequency as the index to identify the recruitment control strategies employed by various muscles during increasing force contraction is suggested.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1990

The effects of prenatal protein-energy malnutrition on ossification of fetal rat bones: a biochemical study.

In fetal rats whose dams were fed a low-protein diet, 35S sulfate uptake into the growth plate of the long bone and rib was higher than in the control group. The elution pattern of guanidine-HCl extract in gel chromatography revealed that the malnourished group had more high molecular weight proteoglycans in the dissociative condition and a larger aggregated portion in the associative condition than did the control group; however, the same chondroitin-sulfate chain size existed. Calcium content did not differ in both groups. Aggregated proteoglycan or a high molecular weight proteoglycan that existed in the malnourished group probably played an inhibitory role in calcification. Prenatal protein-energy malnutrition may delay the change of proteoglycan character, which could affect mineralization of fetal bones.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Factors affecting postoperative flexion in total knee arthroplasty.

In the review of 67 cases with total condylar (TC) prostheses, 59 with TC posterior stabilizers, 70 with TC prostheses modified with flat posterior tibial plateau, and 35 with porous-coated arthroplasty (PCA) prostheses, multiple cross-examinations of various factors for postoperative flexion were performed. Follow up was 2 to 9 years. In nearly all cases, no further improvement of flexion was noted after 1 year following surgery. The most influential factor for good postoperative flexion was intense physical therapy, leading to good suprapatellar pouch reconstitution. Residual flexion contracture was more frequent when the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was retained in the cases with significant preoperative flexion contracture. However, retention of PCL or preoperative ACL condition did not bear any significance to the ultimate flexion.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

The effect of oxygen tension on collagen synthesis and calcium uptake in newborn rats' calvaria in vitro.

Using newborn rat calvaria, we determined the effects of oxygen tension on bone cell metabolism in vitro. Halved calvaria were incubated in medium either in air or after flushing nitrogen or oxygen and studied for collagen synthesis, calcium uptake, and DNA content. The percentages of DNA content, radioactive proline count in mg of bone tissue, and radioactive proline count combined with counts of medium and bone tissue in the nitrogen-exposed group were less than those of their pair-matched controls. Percent calcium counts per DNA and calcium uptake per mg of tissue were greater in the nitrogen-exposed group than in the pair-matched controls. In contrast, no difference was found in any measurements in the oxygen-exposed group compared with controls. It is concluded that collagen synthesis, in contrast to proline uptake, is not affected by low oxygen, whereas calcium uptake is greatly enhanced. Furthermore, low oxygen tension exerts a greater effect on bone cell metabolism than does the hyperoxic condition.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Energy consumption in paraplegic ambulation using the reciprocating gait orthosis and electric stimulation of the thigh muscles.

The energy consumption of six thoracic paraplegic persons ambulating in the reciprocating gait orthosis (RGO) with and without functional electric stimulation (FES) of their thigh muscles was determined as a function of walking speed. Plots of Kcal/kg-min and Kcal/kg-m vs walking speed in the RGO and RGO & FES were experimentally determined in this study and compared with the energy cost of walking in the long leg brace (LLB), the hip guidance orthosis (HGO), and an FES walking aid from data available in the literature. The RGO powered with electric stimulation of the thigh muscles required the lowest energy expenditure in Kcal/kg-m across the full range of walking speeds. The RGO, HGO, LLB, and FES walking orthoses ranked second, third, fourth, and fifth respectively. The lowest energy costs in Kcal/kg-min were associated with the RGO & FES, followed by the RGO, HGO, LLB, and FES for walking speeds below .28m/sec. At walking speeds higher than .28m/sec the HGO demonstrates lower energy cost followed by the RGO & FES, RGO, FES, and LLB. At the end of a 30-m walk, patients using the RGO & FES had a mean heart rate (HR) which was 12 beats/min less than the mean HR when using the RGO without FES, 31 beats/min less than the HR when using the LLB, and 42 beats/min less than the HR when using FES only. It was concluded that the FES-powered RGO combines the advantages of a passive mechanical orthosis with those of FES to provide substantial improvements in energy cost which may provide paraplegic persons with a mode of independent ambulation superior to the wheelchair.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Japanese encephalitis in the Kurume region of Japan: CT and MRI findings.

Neurological, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were recorded from 13 patients with Japanese encephalitis (JE) in the Kurume region diagnosed by serological criteria. The patients averaged 63 years of age, and 5 were older than 70 years. The serological data mostly indicated a primary response. Hemiplegia and tetraplegia were common, together with extrapyramidal signs. A few cases had a stroke-like onset and cerebral haemorrhage during the course of JE. CT and MRI in 7 cases revealed abnormalities in the thalamus and basal ganglia including the putamen. The CT and MRI findings from the acute stage to the convalescent stage were considered to be characteristic of JE.

Aged↗