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Biomedical subjects

H Shoji

Publications and source records attributed to H Shoji.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Cruciate retained and excised total knee arthroplasty. A comparative study in patients with bilateral total knee arthroplasty.

A comparative study of posterior cruciate ligament retention and excision was conducted in patients who underwent bilateral total knee arthroplasty using the total condylar modifier prosthesis. The posterior cruciate ligament was excised in one knee and was retained in the other knee in 28 patients. Postoperative results were assessed using the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Evaluation Score. In addition, stair activity was tested to determine whether there was preferential dependence on one of the two knees. There was no significant difference between the posterior cruciate ligament retained or excised knees in terms of postoperative Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Evaluation Score. Patients who ascended and descended stairs with one leg at a time tended to prefer the posterior cruciate ligament retention side. Those who could use each leg in sequence to go up and down stairs, however, did not show preferential dependence on either knee.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

Nonequilibrium air clathrate hydrates in Antarctic ice: a paleopiezomdter for polar ice caps.

"Craigite," the mixed-air clathrate hydrate found in polar ice caps below the depth of air-bubble stability, is a clathrate mixed crystal of approximate composition (N2O2).6H2O. Recent observations on the Byrd Station Antarctic core show that the air hydrate is present at a depth of 727 m, well above the predicted depth for the onset of hydrate stability. We propose that the air hydrate occurs some 100 m above the equilibrium phase boundary at Byrd Station because of "piezometry"--i.e., that the anomalous depth of hydrate occurrence is a relic of a previous greater equilibrium depth along the flow trajectory, followed by vertical advection of ice through the local phase-boundary depth. Flowline trajectories in the ice based on numerical models show that the required vertical displacement does indeed occur just upstream of Byrd Station. Air-hydrate piezometry can thus be used as a general parameter to study the details of ice flow in polar ice caps and the metastable persistence of the clathrate phase in regions of upwelling blue ice.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

A mouse homologue of the Drosophila tumour-suppressor gene l(2)gl controlled by Hox-C8 in vivo.

The homeobox is a 183-base-pair DNA sequence originally found in Drosophila segmentation and homeotic genes. In Drosophila, homeotic genes are clustered in the Antennapedia and Bithorax complexes, collectively called the homeotic gene complex (HOM-C). In the mouse genome, about 40 homeobox genes (Hox) are clustered in four chromosomal regions (Hox A to D). The Hox genes are arranged in the same order and have the same anteroposterior pattern of expression as their structural homologue in the HOM-C, suggesting that they control mouse pattern formation in the same way that HOM-C members do in Drosophila. Homeobox gene products are believed to be transcription factors that regulate expression of target genes. A few candidate target genes have been identified in Drosophila by various approaches but the Hox gene targets are poorly understood, mostly because of limitations in the available approaches. Here we identify several candidate Hox gene targets, including a mouse homologue of the Drosophila tumour-suppressor gene l(2)gl, by immunopurification of DNA sequences bound to a Hox protein in native chromatin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Murine chromosomal location of four class III POU transcription factors.

A family of mouse genes encoding class III POU transcription factors consists of four members: Oct-6, Brn-2, Brn-1, and Brn-4. In accordance with mouse nomenclature, these loci have been designated Otf-6, Otf-7, Otf-8, and Otf-9, respectively. While the four genes share a highly conserved class III POU domain, the remaining regions are considerably diverged from each other. The POU domains of these transcription factors recognize the octamer-motif sequence and possess a similar DNA-binding specificity. Chromosomal mapping has demonstrated that the four genes are unlinked: Otf-6 is located on the distal region of chromosome 4, Otf-7 on the proximal region of chromosome 4, Otf-8 on chromosome 1, and Otf-9 on the X chromosome.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The effects of orally administered Y-25130, a selective serotonin3-receptor antagonist, on chemotherapeutic agent-induced emesis.

The antiemetic effects of orally administered Y-25130, a potent and selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonist, were compared with those of ondansetron, granisetron, metoclopramide and domperidone. Y-25130 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently prolonged the latency to the first vomiting and decreased the number of vomitings induced by cisplatin in dogs. The antiemetic effect of Y-25130 against cisplatin-induced vomiting was more potent than that of metoclopramide and ondansetron, but it showed little difference from that of granisetron. The emesis induced by the combined treatment of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide was also inhibited by Y-25130 (0.1-1 mg/kg) in ferrets. The antiemetic effect of Y-25130 was more potent than that of metoclopramide, almost the same as that of granisetron and less potent than that of ondansetron. Because of a notable difference of potency ranking between Y-25130 and ondansetron in these two tests, a third test was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Y-25130 in ferrets on cisplatin-induced emesis in comparison with that of ondansetron. The antiemetic effect of Y-25130 on cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets was very similar to that of ondansetron. Domperidone did not inhibit these cytotoxic agents-induced emeses. These results suggest that Y-25130 is an orally active antiemetic compound against cisplatin and doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide-induced emeses; and its the antiemetic potency is similar to those of granisetron and ondansetron, but superior to those of metoclopramide and domperidone.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Myokymia].

Myokymia is one of the involuntary movements, which is characterized by undulatory muscle spasm, similar to the worm's crawl. Sometimes muscle pain, itchy sensation, dysautonomia and other symptoms are associated with it. Cases showing normal neurological findings are rare. Myokymia is caused by various diseases, such as, multiple sclerosis, hypothyroidism, Guillan-Barre syndrome and so on. Generally myokymia is classified into two types, i.e. limb myokymia and facial myokymia according to the site. On the other hand, myokymia with hyperhidrosis is known as Issacs syndrome. There are many opinions about the pathogenesis and mechanism in the myoneural junction, peripheral nerve or spinal cord, however these are not established. Further investigation of myokymia is expected.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Familial cases of spastic paraparesis, mental disturbance and thinning of the corpus callosum].

We reported a family in which two brothers and one sister out of five siblings were affected by a neurological disease showing the following clinical manifestations: 1) intellectual disturbance with relative preservation of memory and orientation probably developed on child food, 2) spastic paraparesis beginning at the age of about 20 years, 3) mild peripheral neuropathy and cerebellar sign. Their clinical courses were stereotyped, and so much the worse in elder patients. Two of them were investigated in detail. Laboratory findings including chromosomal analysis, amino acid analysis and thyroid function were normal. HTLV-1 antibody was negative. Several lymphocytes lysosomal enzymes including beta-hexosaminidase and arylsulfatase A and serum very long fatty acids were also within normal range. CT and MRI showed characteristic thinning of corpus callosum, dominant in anterior portion. However, changes in intensity of white matter in T2 weighted image were not so prominent. In the older patient, more mentally deteriorated, were demonstrated hypoperfusion in the fronto-parietal lobes by SPECT and slow wave bursts dominant in the same region by EEG. Therefore, we considered that the change of corpus callosum was hypoplasia, but not atrophy, and it may provoke dysfunction of relevant nervous system. Family cases of such clinical feature were rare. We could confirm only three families in literatures, all of them were Japanese.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment of sepsis by extracorporeal elimination of endotoxin using fiber-immobilized polymyxin B].

To remove endotoxin directly from the blood, an affinity adsorbent (PMX) has been developed. PMX is composed of a ligand of polymyxin B and a carrier of polystyrene fibers. We treated 16 patients, suffering from septic shock or multiple organ failure by PMX-F hemoperfusion. The pretreatment level of endotoxin decreased significantly from 80pg/ml to 21pg/ml on average 2 hours after the hemoperfusion. The hyperdynamic status in the cardiac index and the decreased systemic vascular resistance, which are characteristic to endotoxin shock, were normalized after the treatment. In septic shock patients with systolic pressure under 10mmHg, the systolic pressure increased significantly from pretreatment level. Nine of the sixteen patients remained alive for two weeks after the therapy, and seven out of the nine patients discharged alive. Hemoperfusion with PMX is likely to become an effective treatment for sepsis and septic shock.

Endotoxins↗
PubMed1992

Detailed structural analysis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica.

The structures of the major oligosaccharide moieties of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) protein from Torpedo californica have been reported [Nomoto, H., Takahashi, N., Nagaki, Y., Endo, S., Arata, Y. and Hayashi, K. (1986) Eur. J. Biochem. 157, 233-242] to be high-mannose types. Here we report detailed analyses of the structures of the remaining oligosaccharides in this receptor. The sialylated oligosaccharides released by glycopeptidase (almond) digestion were separated according to the number of sialic acid residues using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. After removal of sialic acid from each fraction, the resulting neutral oligosaccharides were separately pyridylaminated and were analyzed by a combination of sequential exoglycosidase digestion and HPLC, then identified on a two-dimensional sugar map. The structures of two desialylated pyridylamino-oligosaccharides were further analyzed by high-resolution proton NMR. Each oligosaccharide was composed of species containing varying numbers of sialic acids. The desialylated complex-type oligosaccharides of AcChoR consisted of ten, eight and one different biantennary, triantennary and tetraantennary oligosaccharide, respectively. The biantennary oligosaccharides were divided into two groups; oligosaccharides with fucose at the proximal N-acetylglucosamine (six varieties) and oligosaccharides without fucose (four varieties). Each group consisted of species differing in the number of terminal galactose residues. The major component of the biantennary oligosaccharides had two galactose residues at the non-reducing termini. The terminal alpha-galactose residue(s) linked to C3 of beta-galactose were found in the fucose-containing biantennary oligosaccharides (two varieties). The triantennary oligosaccharides were also divided into two groups; oligosaccharides with (four varieties) and without (four varieties) besecting N-acetylglucosamine. These groups were composed of species differing in the number of terminal galactose residues. The major component of the triantennary oligosaccharides was fully galactosylated with three galactose residues. An unusual group, Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc, was present in low levels in the triantennary oligosaccharides. In contrast, the tetraantennary oligosaccharide was composed of only one species, which is fully galactosylated with four galactose residues.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Relapsing acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection: MRI findings.

A 25-year-old women had a fever, left cervical lymphadenopathy, neurological symptoms and signs, CSF pleocytosis and persistent high serum antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); she had a recurrence 1 year later. She was thought to have relapsing acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with chronic EBV infection. MRI revealed abnormalities, mainly in the right basal ganglia and left midbrain. At the time of the recurrence, further abnormalities appeared in the opposite basal ganglia and right cerebral white matter.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Detection of varicella-zoster virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with herpes zoster meningitis.

In three of five patients with herpes zoster meningitis, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the initial samples of cerebrospinal fluid. DNA fragments of group A or B, following classification of VZV strains by the size of the variable region IV of VZV genome, were found at the 7th, 10th and 24th illness day in the three positive cases: one of these cases did not have skin lesions. These results suggest that the detection of VZV DNA by PCR is useful for the diagnosis of herpes zoster meningitis, as well as for its molecular epidemiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Crosslinking of proteins in acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes from Torpedo californica: relation of 43-kD protein and Torpedo dystrophin to acetylcholine receptor.

We examined the spatial relation of 43-kD protein and Torpedo dystrophin, which are cytoplasmic peripheral membrane proteins in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-rich membranes, to AChR. We used three kinds of the heterobifunctional crosslinking reagents to crosslink proteins in the AChR-rich membranes. Products crosslinked by SMPB (14.5 A span) including 43-kD protein and Torpedo dystrophin appeared at the tops of the stacking gels at the concentrations of 8.89 x 10(-5)M to 8.89 x 10(-3)M SMPB. High molecular weight materials (crosslinked products) increased with increasing concentrations of the crosslinker. On the other hand, band intensity of alpha, beta, and delta subunits of AChR remained unchanged up to a concentration of 2.67 x 10(-3)M SMPB, while the band of gamma subunit diminished at the same concentrations as did that of the 43-kD protein. Torpedo dystrophin was also crosslinked at the same concentrations as were effective for the 43-kD protein and gamma subunit. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the 43-kD protein is intimately associated with the gamma subunit of AChR and Torpedo dystrophin.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Neurotoxin-binding activity in the supernatant fraction of the electric organ from Torpedo californica.

We found neurotoxin-binding activities in the supernatant fraction obtained by ultracentrifugation of a homogenate of the electric organ dissected from the electric ray, Torpedo californica. While about half of the activity was estimated as due to acetylcholine receptors in dispersed microparticles, the remainder was unassigned. A part of the latter, detected with alpha-bungarotoxin, eluted ahead of the alpha-bungarotoxin-acetylcholine receptor complex on a Sepharose CL-6B column in the presence of 1% Triton X-100. Another component eluted after this complex. Although these activities were immunologically related to AChR, they were different from AChR in their size and reactivity with Concanavalin A. We are currently seeking to characterize these toxin-binding components at present. The existence of such activities is interesting since they may possibly function in regulating signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A relationship between the annual onset day of Japanese cedar pollinosis and pollen dispersion].

A statistical analysis of the annual day of onset of Japanese cedar pollinosis was carried out on a total of 305 patients seen at the out-patient clinic for allergic diseases in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine between 1989 and 1991 (3 years). The day of onset varied among individuals and was distributed over a period of about one month, in patient number statistics, however, a clear single peak was seen for all 3 years. The day of onset in most patients showed tendency to peak after January 1, i.e., when the maximum temperature integral is approximately 450 degrees C, on warm days where the maximum temperature exceeds 15 degrees C, on days where there is little rain, and on days when there is a strong southerly wind. This peak onset day is about 3 weeks after first day of pollen count, or 3 or 4 days before the first dispersion peak, which corresponds to the day on which pollen dispersion begins in earnest. Furthermore, it was found that there was a drastic increase in the attack rate (from 10% to more than 50%) in pollinosis patients about 1 week before the peak day of onset. By the first dispersion peak, 70-80% of the patients had experienced an attack. The results of the present study may be useful in pollen forecasting and in treating early pollinosis in the dispersion season.

Air Pollution↗