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Biomedical subjects

H Shiono

Publications and source records attributed to H Shiono.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Colorimetric determination of fructosamine in hemolytic samples for the postmortem diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

An analytical method of fructosamine (glycated serum protein) determination in hemolytic samples from cadavers was investigated for the postmortem diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Fructosamine level is usually measured by the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) using a spectrophotometer. This assay was significantly disturbed by more than 1 g/l hemoglobin, which strongly reduced NBT by the catalytic action of the sulfhydryl and glycated groups. Glycated and total hemoglobin levels were then determined simultaneously to exclude the interferences. Total protein concentration was analyzed to eliminate dilutional effects by hemolysis. With these modifications, corrected fructosamine levels in samples containing not more than 10 g/l hemoglobin could be estimated. The assay of such hemolytic samples from 32 cadavers indicated higher fructosamine values in diabetic group than in non-diabetic subjects and the postmortem degradation of the levels as previously reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A case of maternity testing: exclusion by polymorphic VNTR markers of DNA.

The genetic markers of a Korean woman and her allegedly adopted child were compared to test her maternity. None of 21 conventional markers, including 8 red cell antigens, 6 red cell enzymes, and 7 serum proteins, excluded the maternity. These results indicate a maternal probability of 0.31 which was too low to conclude the true maternity. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, -C and -DR haplotyping was also uninformative in this case. The maternity was consequently excluded by the observation of a difference in 2 of 5 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers.

DNA↗
PubMed1990

"First pass phenomenon" of inhaled gas in the fire victims.

We investigated the differences in the levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), cyanide (HCN) and petroleum fuels (gasoline and kerosene) between left and right ventricular bloods from fire victims. COHb was slightly, and HCN and petroleum fuels were markedly higher levels in the left than those in the right. These effects were so called 'first pass phenomena' due to the circulation, diffusion and metabolization before the deaths of fire victims.

Burns↗
PubMed1990

Identification of the driver in two-rider motorcycle accidents. Inguinal contusion-laceration as an indication of the driver.

In motorcycle accidents involving two riders, medicolegal identification of the driver is necessary when one or both riders die. It is particularly important in the latter case, because the survivor almost always insists that he or she was not driving. One characteristic injury that distinguishes the driver from the passenger is inguinal contusion-laceration (accompanied internally by pelvic fracture). This injury, caused by collision of the pelvis with the fuel tank, identifies the driver.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

Identification of the driver in an automobile collision.

We report on a three-occupant automobile collision in which one of the two survivors claimed that the deceased had operated the vehicle. We attempted to identify the driver. The left face and neck of the deceased appeared to have struck the vehicle's interior. The survivors were slightly injured on the right side of their faces. In Japan, the passenger side is on the left, and in this case, the right side of the vehicle had been damaged. By comparing the injuries of the deceased and the survivors in relation to the vehicle damages, we concluded that the deceased occupant had probably been a passenger, not the driver.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

Paternity testing: blood group systems and DNA analysis by variable number of tandem repeat markers.

Two recent paternity cases are reported. In the first case of paternity exclusion, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) on variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci with multiple alleles were informative, as well as established systems of red blood antigens, red cell enzymes, serum proteins, and human leukocyte antigens. In the second case, in which both the alleged father and the first wife were deceased, the paternal genotype was determined by using genetic markers from the second wife and four children, which then were compared with the paternal alleles of the child in question, the plaintiff in this case. The high probability of paternity (0.999,998,7) made us conclude that the man probably was the actual father. The DNA analysis by VNTR probes appears to be quite valuable in the study of paternity cases.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

[Determination of blood cyanide using head-space gas chromatography with electron capture detection].

Two head-space gas chromatographic methods for the determination of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in blood were demonstrated using electron capture detector (ECD). One was the double head-space gas sampling technique and the other used the reaction pre-column packed with Chloramine-T for the conversion of HCN into cyanogen chloride (CNC1). In the former method, HCN in blood was firstly released by acidification, and then the HCN gas was replaced into the another vial in which Chloramine-T solution had been placed. The head-space gas in the second vial was analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC). In the latter, HCN gas released was directly injected into the GC pre-connected the reaction column. The conversion of HCN into CNC1 was easily achieved by both methods. The use of dichloromethane as an internal standard and PTFE-faced septum for the sealing of vial greatly improved the precision and reliability of these analytical methods. The calibration curves by these methods gave good linearity and the lower detection limit taken from these plots was ca. 0.05 micrograms/ml. In particular, the reaction pre-column method, by which blood cyanide can be analyzed rapidly and accurately with only simple alteration of apparatus, is superior in the routine analysis of blood cyanide.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1989

Improved gas chromatography with electron-capture detection using a reaction pre-column for the determination of blood cyanide: a higher content in the left ventricle of fire victims.

We developed a head-space method for the determination of blood cyanide by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. In this technique, a reaction pre-column, packed with chloramine-T, was used for the conversion of hydrogen cyanide into cyanogen chloride. Since the reaction pre-column eliminated the necessity for trapping hydrogen cyanide from the biological samples, blood cyanide was quickly analysed by acidification only. The reaction pre-column was durable for at least several months. The calibration curve gave good linearity when dichloromethane was used as the internal standard, and the lower detection limit taken from this plot was ca. 0.05 micrograms/ml. The relative standard deviation of spiked blood samples was in the range 0.6-3.9%. We determined blood cyanide levels at autopsy in victims who had died from fire using this method. A significantly higher cyanide content was detected in the left ventricular blood than in the right. There was a positive correlation between blood cyanide and carboxylhaemoglobin contents. This simple and sensitive technique could be very useful for the determination of cyanide in various samples.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1989

Immolation after drinking kerosene.

An unusual suicide is described in which analysis of circulating kerosene components at autopsy suggested that the victim had drunk kerosene and then had poured it over his body, ignited it, and burned to death.

Burns↗
PubMed1989

[B-modes ultrasonic diagnosis of the maxillary sinus].

As a routine preoperative evaluation for chronic sinusitis and postoperative maxillary cyst (mucocele and pyocele), CT scans and B-mode ultrasonic diagnosis including three methods, linear, sector, and convex scans, were performed. By chronic sinusitis, 112 sides by linear scans, 43 sides by sector scans, and 29 sides by convex scans were included in the study. By the postoperative cyst, 43 sides by linear scans, 24 sides by sector scans, and 12 sides by convex scans were included. The positive diagnostic finding by ultrasonography is defined as the depicted echo of the posterior wall. In chronic sinusitis, positive diagnostic rates were as follows: linear scans, 73.2%, sector scans, 88.2%, and convex scans, 77.8%. As for the scan planes, horizontal plane yielded more positive than sagittal one. In postoperative cyst similarly, linear, 86.0%, sector, 95.8%, and convex, 83.3%. Horizontal more positive than sagittal also. The negative findings were caused, in chronic sinusitis, by attenuation by the air in the sinus, thick anterior wall, and artifacts. In postoperative cysts, the negative findings were caused by specific location of the cysts (lateral or posterior). Our results recommend the use of sector scan because of its easy manipulation and higher positive diagnostic rates due to the radial beam conforming to the curvature of the posterior wall. Especially, the sector scan was higher diagnostic rate than linear scan, because the sector scan transmitted radial beam, and received its reflective wave easily from a curved posterior wall of the maxillary sinus. The sector scan, its manipulation is easy, and its diagnostic rate is higher than any other scans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Gas chromatographic determination for forensic purposes of petroleum fuel inhaled just before fatal burning.

The determination of petroleum fuel in the blood of burned bodies was carried out by three different gas chromatographic procedures. Seven components of gasoline (isopentane, n-pentane, 2-methylpentane, benzene, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane and toluene) and five of kerosene (xylene, C9H20, mesitylene, pseudocumene and C11H24) were chosen as indicators with a coefficient of variation of 5-24%. The methods were applied to four autopsy cases with a relatively low carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) content. When gasoline exposure had occurred, the blood concentrations determined were almost identical whatever the components selected. Great variations in the components determined were found after kerosene exposure, and hydrocarbons greater than or equal to C14 were hardly inhaled by the victims. A higher content of fuel in the left than in the right ventricular blood observed in the autopsy cases suggests fuel inhalation just before death. The same phenomenon was also observed in the content of blood HbCO. Determinations of petroleum fuel and HbCO in both the right and left ventricular blood would be useful for the forensic diagnosis on burned bodies with a low HbCO content.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Tetraploidy in a 15-month-old girl.

We present a 15-month-old girl with tetraploidy and compare the manifestations with those of 3 previously reported liveborn infants with the same type of polyploidy. Common anomalies noted included micro-turricephaly, a prominent but narrow forehead, microphalmia or anophthalmia, limb anomaly, sacral meningomyelocele, and mental retardation.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1988

Increased plasma free fatty acid and triglyceride levels after single administration of toluene in rabbits.

Changes of plasma lipids (triglyceride, TG: total cholesterol, Cho; and phospholipids, PL), free fatty acid (FFA), and blood glucose (BG) were studied in male rabbits after toluene administration (0.5 g/kg per os). Hypertriglyceridemia was observed at and after 2 h. Plasma FFA and BG were elevated temporarily during the early stage and lowered gradually thereafter. Initially, plasma Cho and PL were virtually unchanged, but the Cho level increased slowly after 6 h. The hypertriglyceridemia observed may have some adverse effects on heart function.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Sudden infant death syndrome in Japan.

Two autopsied cases are presented, one involving a 5-month-old infant, and a 6-month-old infant both of whom died suddenly and unexpectedly. The incidence of sudden infant death syndrome in Japan is 1.2 per 1,000 babies live births. Among all cases autopsied in the departments of legal or forensic medicine in 78 universities or colleges of Japan, the incidence was 15 (0.5%) per 3,329 in 1984 and 20 (0.6%) per 3,150 in 1985.

Female↗