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Biomedical subjects

H Shimada

Publications and source records attributed to H Shimada.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Sarcoidosis of the spinal cord. Report of an autopsy case and review of the literature.

The authors report a female elderly patient with quadriplegia, hypesthesia below the neck, and rectourinary dysfunction, which were found at autopsy to have been caused by involvement of the lower cervical and upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord in systemic sarcoidosis. Sixty cases of spinal cord sarcoidosis reported in the literature are also reviewed. Most patients had clinical signs which mimicked those of a spinal cord tumor or meningomyelitis. Only in less than one-third of the cases had sarcoidosis been diagnosed before neurological symptoms occurred. Macroscopically, most intramedullary lesions formed a mass, whereas extramedullary lesions usually manifested as meningitis. Histologically, perivascular distribution of sarcoid granulomas was noted in our patient as well as in many cases reported in the literature. The clinical course of the patients with spinal sarcoidosis was usually poor when early diagnosis was not made.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Deranged Ca, Al and Mg content in the tissues of patients with chronic renal failure, as measured by non-destructive neutron activation analysis.

Ca, Al and Mg content in the bone, aorta, skin and hair of 55 persons was measured by non-destructive neutron activation analysis. The Ca content in the bone of nondialyzed and dialyzed patients was found to decrease. Al and Mg were relatively higher than Ca in the patients compared to the controls. The present study suggests that fluctuation in the content of Al and Mg may have some relation to renal osteodystrophy such as osteomalacia as well as similar and related disorders. Al and Mg content in the aorta, and that of Ca in the hair of uremic patients, were higher than the controls. The mean Ca content in the skin of the patients was 25% higher than the controls. These findings indicate 1) that Al and Mg are possibly related to the advance of osteodystrophy, and 2) that Ca, Al and Mg deposits in the organs of uremic patients are a reflection of metabolic disorders in chronic renal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[The clinical and pathologic correlations in acute cholangitis].

The liver histology of acute cholangitis was studied in order to determine whether microscopic changes correspond to clinical status. Patients with acute cholangitis were divided into mild cholangitis (1st group, n = 18) and severe cholangitis (2nd, 3rd and 4th groups) accompanied by hypotension. The 2nd group consisted of 6 surviving patients who underwent liver biopsy during hypotension. The 3rd group consisted of 3 non-surviving patients with biopsy during hypotension. The 4th group consisted of 7 patients with biopsy during autopsy. The frequency of endotoxemia, gram negative bacteremia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and hepatic failure were significantly higher in severe cholangitis than in mild cholangitis. The incidence of neutrophilic infiltration in the sinusoid and microabscess in lobule were significantly higher in severe cholangitis than in mild one. The incidence of portal thrombosis and massive necrosis of hepatic cells were also significantly higher in severe cholangitis, especially in the 3rd and 4th groups. It was suggested that the neutrophilic infiltration in the sinusoid and microabscess in lobules which proved the existence of endotoxemia or bacteremia were characteristic findings in severe cholangitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Fetal hemodynamics evaluated by pulsed Doppler echocardiography].

The hemodynamics of fetal hearts, possibly having right ventricular overload were investigated using pulsed Doppler and cross-sectional echocardiography. The subjects consisted of 250 normal fetuses at 30 to 38 weeks gestation, 23 of which were studied by Doppler method. The ultrasonic beam was directed toward the centers of the tricuspid and mitral orifices imaged in the apical four-chamber view to record right ventricular and left ventricular inflow velocities. The flow velocity patterns of right and left ventricular inflow tracts were similar and consisted of two peaks; the rapid filling phase and the atrial contraction phase. The peak velocity of the atrial contraction phase was slightly greater than that of the rapid filling phase. Mitral peak flow velocity was 52.1 +/- 9.9 cm/sec (mean +/- SD), while tricuspid peak flow velocity was 56.1 +/- 8.7 cm/sec, and the ratio of the latter to the former was 1.09 +/- 0.09. We calculated the excursions and diastolic descent rate (DDR) of the mitral and tricuspid valves using M-mode echocardiography, which were also strongly affected by stroke volume. TV DDR/MV DDR = 1.06 +/- 0.10, and TV excursion/MV excursion = 1.09 +/- 0.09. Reportedly, 2/3 of the total cardiac volume entered the right ventricle, based on the experimental study of fetal lambs. However, the results obtained in the present study suggest that the right ventricular flow volume may be only slightly greater than that of the left ventricle.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1984

Agonist-specific desensitization of shape change of platelets.

Using scanning electron microscopy and light scattering we have investigated the shape change of bovine platelets. The extents of shape change obtained by ADP and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5HT) increased in dose-dependent manner, and the maximum obtained by these agonists were additive. The agonist-specific desensitization in shape change was observed with ADP, 5HT and thrombin. The extent of desensitization by pre-exposure to ADP was dependent upon the concentration of ADP. It was strongly indicated that receptors or their subsequent stimuli-transmission apparatus became unable to respond to further stimulation after the exposure to the initial stimulation.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Specific desensitization of actin polymerization of bovine platelets.

Polymerization of actin induced by activation of platelets was investigated using deoxyribonuclease I inhibition assay. When platelets were activated with ADP or 5-hydroxytryptamine, actin was polymerized quickly followed by rapid depolymerization to the initial level. Reactivation with the same agonist, however, did not cause the polymerization of actin, though with different agonists actin polymerized quite normally. The mechanism for this agonist-specific desensitization of actin polymerization was investigated by the use of a calcium ionophore A23187. It was suggested that the cause for the desensitization is the inability of platelets to mobilize Ca2+ in response to specific agonist.

Actins↗
PubMed1984

Regulation of expression of the galactose gene cluster in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. The isolation and dosage effect of the regulatory gene GAL80.

The galactose analogue 2-deoxygalactose was found to inhibit the growth of a mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae constitutively producing the set of galactose utilization enzymes. Based on this fact, the yeast GAL80 gene negatively regulating the expression of the genes encoding those enzymes was isolated for its ability to confer 2-deoxygalactose resistance on a strain carrying a recessive mutation in that gene. The GAL80 gene was located within a 3.0 kb fragment in the cloned DNA. When the isolated gene was incorporated into a multi-copy plasmid, the induced level of three enzymes encoded by the gene cluster GAL7-GAL10-GAL1 in the host chromosome was lowered. Such a gene dosage effect of GAL80 was further pronounced if sucrose, a sugar causing catabolite repression, was added to the growth medium. The ratio of the enzyme activity of the yeast bearing multiple copies of GAL80 to that of the yeast bearing its single copy significantly varied with the enzyme. From these results we suggest that the intracellular inducer interacts with the GAL80 product and that GAL80 molecules directly bind the GAL cluster genes with an affinity different from one gene to another.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Pathogenesis and clinical features of acute cholangitis accompanied by shock.

We investigated 91 cases of acute cholangitis, including 42 of severe cholangitis and 49 of mild cholangitis. The incidence of endotoxemia was 78.6 percent in 42 and 32.6 percent in the 49 patients. In the 42 with severe cholangitis, remarkable leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, decrease of serum CH50, C3, plasma fibronectin and phagocytic index were characteristic. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was observed in 76.2 percent. Since there was a positive correlation between platelet counts and levels of CH50 and C3, the decrease of platelet count, and the occurrence of DIC in patients with endotoxemia were thought to be closely related to the consumption of complements. There was no difference in mortality rate between nonsurgical treatment (57.8 percent) and the emergency bile drainage treatment (56.5 percent). The results of therapy depended on the degree of complicating DIC. We conclude that acute cholangitis was aggravated by endotoxemia and that severe cholangitis was accompanied by DIC induced by a decline in phylaxis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

A duodenal duplication cyst communicated with an accessory pancreatic duct.

We treated a 49 year-old woman with acute pancreatitis, in whom there was an accessory pancreatic duct which opened into a duodenal duplication cyst. Epigastric pain associated with vomiting and fever were present. Laboratory data showed leukocytosis and hyperamylasemia. An upper G-I series revealed a stricture at the pyloric region. At operation a spherical mass of 6 cm in diameter was present between the greater curvature of the pyloric region and the head of the pancreas. The cyst was removed by hemigastrectomy and partial resection of the head of the pancreas. The accessory pancreatic duct opened into the cyst. Taking particular note of the communication with the pancreatic duct, this cyst was diagnosed as one of duodenal duplication. A duodenal duplication cyst communicating with the accessory pancreatic duct is rare and is dissimilar to any of the 20 cases of duodenal duplication reported in Japan since 1960.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Synthesis of diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (AP4A) in sea urchin embryos.

Sea urchin embryos were labeled with [3H]adenosine at two developmental stages (morula and prism) and the labeled acid-soluble nucleotides were fractionated successively by column chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex and DEAE-cellulose, and by thin-layer chromatography on a PEI-cellulose plate. Significant radioactivity was detected on the PEI-cellulose plate at the region of diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (AP4A). After treatment of this fraction with phosphodiesterase, the radioactivity was all recovered in the AMP region, while alkaline phosphatase had no effect on the AP4A fraction. The present result suggests that AP4A is actively synthesized in the sea urchin embryos.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1984

Mutagenicity studies of human fibroblast interferon (HuIFN-beta).

Human fibroblast interferon (HuIFN-beta) was studied for mutagenicity using the Ames method and in vitro cytogenetics. HuIFN-beta had no mutagenic effect on S. typhimurium (TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100) and E. coli (WP2 uvrA) at concentrations of 3, 30, 300, 3000, 30 000 or 300 000 IU/plate. In the cytogenetic study, HuIFN-beta had no clastogenic effect on human peripheral blood lymphocytes at concentrations of 3, 30, 300, 3000, or 30 000 IU/ml. These results suggest that HuIFN-beta has no mutagenic potential.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1984

Histopathologic prognostic factors in neuroblastic tumors: definition of subtypes of ganglioneuroblastoma and an age-linked classification of neuroblastomas.

Histopathologic prognostic factors of 295 pretreatment tumors of a total 641 neuroblastomas and ganglioneuroblastomas were studied with the use of the following proposed tumor classification. The tumors were divided into 2 groups: stroma-poor (235 cases) and stroma-rich (60 cases) according to their organizational pattern (stromal development). The stroma-poor group was classified further into 2 subgroups: favorable stroma-poor (84% survival) and unfavorable stroma-poor (4.5% survival) according to the patient's age at diagnosis, degree of maturation, and nuclear pathology [mitosis-karyorrhexis index (MKI)] of the neuroblastic cells. The stroma-rich group was further classified into 3 subgroups: well differentiated (100% survival), intermixed (92% survival), and nodular (18% survival) on the basis of morphology of the immature element in the tumor tissue without regard to patient's age or quantitative maturation. Favorable stroma-poor and well-differentiated and intermixed stroma-rich groups seem to make good prognosis groups (87% survival), which show gradual progression along a maturational sequence according to the age of the patient. Unfavorable stroma-poor and nodular stroma-rich groups form poor prognosis groups (7% survival) and show morphological evidence of malignant or aggressive behavior, such as inappropriate immaturity for age, higher MKI, and gross nodule formation by immature neuroblasts.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Purification and properties of a DNA ligase from sea urchin embryos.

DNA ligase was purified about 2,000-fold from blastulae of sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, by means of 1 M KCl-extraction, phosphocellulose, DEAE-cellulose, Sepharose CL-6B, and double-stranded DNA cellulose column chromatography. The purified DNA ligase had a molecular weight of 80,000 (determined by Sephadex G-150) and a sedimentation coefficient of 4.1S (by glycerol gradient centrifugation). The purified enzyme required ATP and Mg2+ (or Mn2+) as cofactors for activity, and was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. Apparent Km values for ATP, Mg2+, and Mn2+ were 4 microM, 2.7 mM, and 0.3 mM, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Combination chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung: AVN-DVC therapy].

Comparative studies of alternating non-cross resistant chemotherapy, A.V.N.-D.V.C. (ACNU + VCR + PCZ-ADM + VCR + CPA) was carried out on 19 patients with small cell lung cancer. A.V.N. (A. V.F.) therapy on 45 patients and D.V.C. therapy on 19 patients were used as historical control, respectively. A.V.N. (A.V.F.) therapy was composed of ACNU (2.5 mg/kg, day 1), VCR (0.02 mg/kg, once every week) and PCZ (1 mg/kg, daily) (or FT-207 (15 mg/kg, daily], and duration of one course was 6 to 8 weeks. D.V.C. therapy was composed of ADM (1 mg/kg, day 1) VCR (0.02 mg/kg, days 1 and 5) and CPA (2 mg/kg, days 1 to 5), and repeated every 4 weeks. A.V.N.-D.V.C. therapy was done by a timely alternation of one course of A.V.N. and two course of D.V.C. Reduction rate of tumor size was 84% in A.V.N.-D.V.C. therapy, 62% in A.V.N. (A.V.F.) therapy and 26% in D.V.C. therapy, respectively. Median survival time was 13 months on A.V.N.-D.N.C. therapy, 8.5 months and A.V.N. (A. V.F.) therapy and 4 months on D.V.C. therapy. Significant prolongation of median survival time was obtained in A.V.N.-D.V.C. therapy in comparison with that of historical controls. Major toxicity in A.V.N.-D.V.C. therapy was slight bone marrow suppression.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Activation of promutagenic N-nitrosomorpholine and other N-nitrosoalkylamines by near-ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of phosphates.

When a neutral solution of N-nitrosomorpholine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, or N-nitrosopiperidine was irradiated with near-ultraviolet light, the solution became mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the absence of metabolic activation. The formation of the active compounds required the presence of phosphate or its esters such as adenosine 5'-triphosphate during the irradiation.

Mutagenicity Tests↗