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Biomedical subjects

H Shimada

Publications and source records attributed to H Shimada.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The role of surgery in localized neuroblastoma.

A 30-year experience with 83 patients, median age two years, with Children's Cancer Study Group (CCSG) Stages I, II, and III localized neuroblastoma was studied to determine factors that influence outcome. In addition, histology was reclassified in all patients based on the Shimada system, which is divided into five subtypes according to age and cytohistologic criteria. A multivariant survival analysis was carried out and patients were considered to have failed if they relapsed or died from any cause. Initial analysis determined that CCSG stage, Shimada histologic classification, and presence of disease in lymph nodes were statistically significant predictors of failure. Histology was the most important factor with Shimada subtypes 1, 2, and 4 having good outcome and 3 and 5 poor outcome. The latter three variables were combined to create four prognostic groups that had distinctly different rates of survival. Further analysis showed that after controlling for prognostic groups, extent of surgery was a statistically significant predictor. Patients who had more complete surgical resection had better disease-free survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Sarcomas of the vagina and uterus: the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study.

During a 12-year period (1972-1984), 43 patients with sarcomas of the female genital tract were admitted to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS), including 31 with primary tumors of the vagina; and 12 with tumors of the uterus, including the cervix. Thirty-four of these can be evaluated on the basis of periods of observation from 18 months to 12 years. Primary tumors of the uterus were a distinct group, distinguished from those arising in the vagina by patient age-range and probably by prognosis, as well as site. Patients with vaginal tumors, with a mean age of 1.8 years, responded to a multimodality approach employing combinations of chemotherapy (vincristine sulfate and actinomycin D, or the aforementioned two drugs with cyclophosphamide +/- doxorubicin hydrochloride), irradiation, and/or surgery, with only one tumor-related death, among 24 evaluable patients. In contrast, among the patients with primary uterine tumors, in which the mean age was greater than 14 years, four of ten evaluable patients died secondary to tumor relapse or progression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Prognostic subgroups for undifferentiated neuroblastoma: immunohistochemical study with anti-S-100 protein antibody.

Pathologic prognostic factors in 36 undifferentiated neuroblastomas were studied by an immunohistochemical staining technique with anti-S-100 protein antibody. Nuclear abnormalities of neuroblastic cells (mitosis and karyorrhexis/5,000 cells [MKI]), the incidence of S-100 protein-positive cells in the supportive stroma, and the age of the patients at diagnosis were analyzed both individually and in combination. Based on the evaluation of these factors, two prognostic subgroups were identified for these tumors. Tumors for which the prognosis was good (all nine patients alive) occurred in younger patients (younger than 1.5 years), showed low (less than 100) or intermediate (100 to 200) MKI, and had positive to intensely positive staining for S-100 protein. Cases in which the prognosis was poor (7 per cent survival) had single or multiple factors of high (greater than 200) MKI and/or absent or weak staining for S-100 protein and/or older age (older than 1.5 years) at diagnosis. These results were compared with other clinical information.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Mutagenicity arising from near-ultraviolet irradiation of N-nitrosomorpholine.

When a mixture of N-nitrosomorpholine and S. typhimurium TA100 in saline was irradiated with near-ultraviolet light, mutagenesis of the bacteria took place. The same observation was made with S. typhimurium TA1535, E. coli WP2 uvrA, pKM101 and uvrA/pKM101. Several other nitrosamines showed ed the same, but weaker, effect. Evidence is presented to indicate that the mutagenicity arises from the cellular phosphate-mediated photochemical formation of direct-acting mutagen from the nitrosamine.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1985

Effect of various agents on ovarian plasminogen activator activity during ovulation in pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin-primed immature rats.

The plasminogen activator/plasmin synthetic substrate S-2251 was used to measure the effect of indomethacin, cycloheximide, colchicine, dexamethasone, tranexamic acid, and aprotinin on the elevation of ovarian plasminogen activator (PA) that normally occurs during ovulation in the rat. Young Wistar rats were weaned on the morning of Day 21, given 4.0 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) s.c. at 0800 h on Day 22, and given 10.0 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on Day 24. These animals normally began ovulating between 0000 and 0200 h on Day 25. The induced ovulation rate was 11.5 +/- 2.2 ova/rat, based on the number of ova in the oviducts of control animals at 0900 h on Day 25. In the controls, PA activity in extracts of homogenized ovaries increased 3-fold from 0.125 +/- 0.010 OD units just before the administration of hCG to 0.371 +/- 0.021 at 12 h after hCG, i.e., near the time of ovulation. Indomethacin, in doses of 0.1-1.0 mg/rat, inhibited ovulation but did not inhibit the normal increase in PA activity, whereas indomethacin at the high dose of 10.0 mg/rat inhibited both ovulation and PA activity. Cycloheximide, at a dose of 0.1 mg/rat, was given at 12 h before hCG, immediately after hCG, and at 9 h after hCG. This agent inhibited ovulation most effectively when given at 12 h before hCG, yet it inhibited PA activity most effectively when given immediately after or at 9 h after hCG. Colchicine, at a dose of 0.1 mg/rat, inhibited ovulation, but not PA activity, when it was given 1 h before hCG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effects of PGE2 on vasopressin--and guanine nucleotide-mediated adenylate cyclase activity in toad bladder membrane.

PGE2 inhibited 10 m U/ml vasopressin-induced osmotic water flow of the toad bladder at 2 X 10(-8) M. PGE2 suppressed vasopressin-mediated cyclic AMP accumulation in epithelial cells and also vasopressin-mediated adenylate cyclase activity in a crude homogenate of the cells. However, PGE2 had no effect on cyclic AMP dependent and independent protein phosphorylation. These findings indicate that PGE2 inhibits vasopressin-induced water flow mainly through suppression of adenylate cyclase activity, and that the role of PGE2 at that point in the reaction leading to increased water permeability following cyclic AMP production may be slight. Under conditions in which the hormone and substrate are depleted, PGE2 and guanine nucleotides, such as GTP and Gpp(NH)p, additively bring about an increase in adenylate cyclase activity.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1985

Increase in plasminogen activator in the involuting uterus of the postpartum rat.

Plasminogen activator (PA) activity in the rat uterus was measured at fixed intervals post partum in order to determine whether this serine protease increases during the acute remodelling of tissue which occurs in the involuting uterus. Plasminogen activator activity was measured by an indirect method based on the hydrolysis of the chromogenic substrate S-2251 by PA-generated plasmin. At the time of parturition the control level of PA activity was 0.033 +/- 0.018 (S.D.) mumol/4 mg uterine wet weight per 30 min. This activity increased fourfold to a peak of 0.131 +/- 0.036 at 3 days post partum, and then it declined steadily towards the control level during the next 7 days. Concomitantly, uterine weight decreased to 25% of the control weight by 3 days post partum, and it continued to decrease until day 15. In the 30 days post partum during which PA activity was monitored there was no significant change in plasmin inhibitors in the uterine extracts. The results suggest a correlation between PA activity and the process of tissue remodelling which occurs during involution of the rat uterus. This increase in PA might serve to activate a latent collagenase since the measured peak in PA activity happens to coincide with a reported increase in collagenolytic activity in the involuting rat uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Infiltration of bile duct carcinoma along the wall].

The characteristics of the infiltration of bile duct carcinoma along the wall were studied from 25 cases with resection. The histologic mode of the spread of carcinoma was the mucosal infiltration in 1 case, mucosal and transmural infiltration in 2 cases, transmural infiltration in 22 cases. The average distance from the gross margin of the tumor to the margin of spread of growth in the bile duct as determined microscopically was 19.1 mm in the direction of the liver (the longest was 85 mm), and 5.8 mm toward the duodenum (the longest was 20 mm). The distance of the polypoid or nodular type of the gross appearance of the tumor is shorter than that of the infiltrating type. The polypoid type showed inverted U-type in obstructive or stenotic feature of bile duct radiologically and the infiltrating type showed U-type, V-type or constricted type. The distance of the tubular adenocarcinoma in histological cellular type tended to be longer than that of papillary or undifferentiated type. The severer the invasion of the carcinoma to the lymphatic vessels was, the longer the distance was.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1985

Deranged mineral content in the bone of patients with chronic renal failure, estimated by computed tomography.

To evaluate the extent of renal osteodystrophy in patients with chronic renal failure, the CT numbers of the lateral condylus and mid-shaft of the femur were measured. To adjust for variation due to measurement conditions, calibration phantom was simultaneously scanned with the femur. The CT numbers of the lateral condylus were significantly lower than the control in both nondialyzed (p less than 0.005) and dialyzed patients (p less than 0.05). The CT numbers of the mid-shaft of the femur in dialyzed patients correlated significantly to the duration of hemodialysis (r = 0.807, p less than 0.001). In 15 patients subjected to both CT scan and the photon absorptiometry, the CT numbers of the lateral condylus positively correlated to the mineral content of the radial (r = 0.57) and ulnar (r = 0.69) bones as calculated by photon absorptiometry. These results indicate that the CT scan can be used to estimate bone mineral content quantitatively, and is useful tool for evaluating renal osteodystrophy in patients with chronic renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Experience in local hyperthermia with using Therma Tech 2000. First report].

Studies of the effects of hyperthermia on neoplastic tumors have been developed on the basis of biology. At the some time, machines for the clinical application of hyperthermia have been slowly improved. The Therma Tech 2,000, however, unlike most other pieces of hyperthermia equipment, generates RF energy at 13.56MHz. In the present study, rabbits bearing VX2 tumors were given hyperthermia treatment and measurements of their temperatures were taken.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Experience in local hyperthermia with using ThermaTech 2000--second report].

In the use of hyperthermia treatment, it is apparent from the work of other investigators that only a proportion of large clinical neoplastic tumors of substantial size and deep location can be heated to adequate temperatures (over 42 degrees c). It is therefore of major significance that we have tested the concept that OK-432 can be used as an immunoheat potentiator. A ThermaTech 2000 was used as the radio-frequency generator at 13.56 MHz, including an ancillary computer in the thermometry unit. Minor response in advanced and metastatic tumors was observed in 3 of 3 evaluable patients using OK-432. With other anticancer drugs, no change was observed in 11 of 16 patients, and progressive disease in 5 of 16. However, OK-432 has severe side effects including chills & fever, therefore improved immunoheat potentiators are desirable.

Biological Products↗