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Biomedical subjects

H Shima

Publications and source records attributed to H Shima.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Marked increases of two kinds of two-exon-skipped albumin mRNAs with aging and their further increase by treatment with 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in Nagase analbuminemic rats.

Nagase analbuminemic rats (NARs) have a 7-base-pair deletion at the 5' splice site of the HI intron of the albumin gene. The level of immunohistochemically albumin-positive hepatocytes is about 1 per 10(5) cells in neonatal NARs, increases with age, and further increases with chronic oral treatment with 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-MeDAB). The mechanisms involved in the increase in albumin-positive hepatocytes during aging of NARs and their treatment with 3'-MeDAB were analyzed. NARs were found to have four species of albumin mRNA: intact mRNA and those lacking the regions corresponding to exon H, exon G-H, and exon H-I. In 4-week-old NARs, the level of intact albumin mRNA was about 1/4000 of that in normal rats and mRNA lacking the exon H sequence was the major species. In aged and 3'-MeDAB-treated aged NARs, all four species of mRNA increased and the relative proportion of mRNAs lacking two exon sequences to mRNAs lacking one exon sequence was greatly increased, suggesting that aging is associated with changes of the splicing pattern and that 3'-MeDAB treatment enhanced these changes. In aged NARs and 3'-MeDAB-treated aged NARs, there was an increase in the amount of aberrant 60-kDa albumin. The 60-kDa protein could be a translation product of mRNAs lacking two exons, the amount of which increases in aged NARs and 3'-MeDAB-treated NARs.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Is hormonal therapy necessary in prepubertal boys with cryptorchidism?

Three hundred and twenty-eight prepubertal boys with cryptorchidism who had orchiopexy were reviewed in regard to the attachment of the gubernaculum. Normal attachment of the gubernaculum was found in only 19 out of 240 unilateral testes (8%), and in 12 out of 176 testes (7%) of 88 patients with bilateral cryptorchidism. Abnormal attachment of the gubernaculum was found in 307 out of 338 testes (91%). These data suggest that hormonal therapy for undescended testis may be effective in only 9% of the cases with cryptorchidism, and it cannot replace surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A case of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency with chromosomal karyotype 46,XY and high plasma aldosterone concentration.

A 15-year-old female case of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency with 46,XY chromosomal karyotype is reported. High plasma aldosterone concentration (285 pg/ml) with low plasma renin activity (less than 0.1 ng/ml/h) and the absence of organs derived from Müllerian ducts with immature testes were recognized. Bilateral orchiectomy was done after hormonal control by the administration of dexamethasone. The basic characteristics, mechanism of high plasma aldosterone concentration, steroid modification of Müllerian inhibiting substance and rationality of castration in a case of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

True hermaphroditism: pre- and postoperative evaluation of gonadal function and the necessity of endoscopic examination for the search of cervix uteri at an early stage of diagnosis.

Three previously unreported cases of true hermaphroditism are described and discussed with regard to their gonadal function and the value of endoscopic examination. All three patients showed a good response of serum testosterone to stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin before gonadal biopsy. The third patient showed significant elevation of serum oestradiol level on stimulation with human menopausal gonadotropin at two years of age before operation. Endoscopic examination to search for cervix uteri at an early stage of diagnosis, and pre- and postoperative functional evaluation of the gonads by hormonal stimulation are emphasized.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1991

Caudal migration of the verumontanum.

The location anomaly of the verumontanum has not been described in the literature. We confirmed that the verumontanum was located either in the sphincteric or bulbous urethra in 61 of 477 patients with hypospadias (12.8%) through endoscopic examination and urethorgraphy. There was a patient with bilateral cryptorchidism who had distal location of the verumontanum. The patients with hypospadias and caudal migration of the verumontanum showed significantly low response of testosterone to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation compared with normal controls. The incidence of caudal migration of the verumontanum was higher in the patients with a severe degree of hypospadias than in those with mild hypospadias. These results suggest that distal location of the verumontanum may be the result of an insufficient action of androgens during the period of critical sexual differentiation in the male embryo. We call this phenomenon caudal migration of the verumontanum, which seems to be a new clinical entity.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Sandwich enzyme immunoassay for rat transferrin with two monoclonal antibodies and its application.

The development of a sandwich enzyme immunoassay for rat transferrin with two monoclonal antibodies is described. Microtiter plates coated with one monoclonal antibody (15C2H3) were used, and captured transferrin was estimated with a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated Fab' fragment of another monoclonal antibody (22A06D2). In this assay, the measurable range is 5-150 ng/ml and the coefficients of variation within and between the assay series are 1.2-5.0 and 3.3-6.0%, respectively. Recovery was 101 +/- 9.7% when purified rat transferrin was added to rat plasma. No cross-reactivity with bovine, human, or mouse transferrin was shown. This assay for rat transferrin is a highly specific, sensitive, and expeditious method which may allow routine analysis of rat transferrin in blood or culture supernatants of rat hepatocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A seromuscular stripping method to create a nipple valve without metal stapling for continent urinary reservoir.

Urinary continence with a Kock or Mainz pouch is achieved by a nipple valve of the invaginated ileum which is usually fixed with metal staples. However, metal staples can cause various complications as a foreign body. The seromuscular stripping method, a new technique to create a nipple valve, was applied to 17 patients with bladder cancer in the construction of a continent urinary reservoir by the ileocolonic pouch (Mainz pouch). Metal staples were not used. The results were satisfactory except for 2 patients who became incontinent because of prolapse of the nipple in one and insufficient valve function due to ischemic change of the nipple valve in the other. Histology of the nipple valve from an autopsy case showed a good double layer nipple valve that functioned well to preserve continence.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1991

Effects of ouabain on membrane fluidity of erythrocytes in essential hypertension. An electron spin resonance study.

In the present study, we have examined the effects of ouabain on membrane fluidity of erythrocytes by use of an electron spin resonance (ESR) and spin-labeling method, and elucidated a possible role of Na+, K(+)-ATPase in the regulation of membrane fluidity in hypertension. Erythrocytes obtained from patients with essential hypertension were examined compared with those from age-matched normotensive subjects, and the ESR spectra for 5-nitroxy stearate incorporated into erythrocyte membranes were studied. The values of outer hyperfine splitting and order parameter (S) of the ESR spectra were significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension than in normotensive subjects. This finding shows that the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes might be lower in essential hypertension. Ouabain loading to erythrocytes decreased the membrane fluidity (S value was increased). The alternative degree was significantly greater in essential hypertension than in normotensive subjects. These results demonstrate that the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes might be highly dependent on the Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity in essential hypertension, which would suggest an abnormality in Na(+)-related cellular functions in hypertension.

Cyclic N-Oxides↗
PubMed1991

In vitro androgen-induced growth and morphogenesis of the Wolffian duct within urogenital ridge.

Male mouse urogenital ridges (URs) at 15.5 days of gestation (vaginal plug = day 0) containing Wolffian (WDs) and Mullerian ducts were cultured for 4 days with or without gonads in serum-free medium (1:1 mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F-12 supplemented with insulin, transferrin, cholera toxin, epidermal growth factor, and BSA). URs without gonads were grown in serum-free medium with testosterone (T, 10(-7) M), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 10(-8) M), T (10(-7) M) plus cyproterone acetate (antiandrogen, 10(-5) M), or T (10(-8) M) plus 390 MSD (17 beta-N, N-diisopropylcarbamoyl-4-aza-5 alpha- androstan-3-one, an inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase, 10(-5) M). After 4 days of culture the number of epididymal curvatures that appeared in the upper portion of WDs were quantified. DNA content of URs grown in serum-free medium was also measured. Both T and DHT increased DNA contents in a dose- (T = 10(-8) to 10(-10) M, DHT = 10(-9) to 10(-11) M) and time-dependent manner. DHT was approximately 10-fold more effective than T in eliciting epididymal coiling and increasing DNA content of URs. The effects of T or DHT were mimicked by coculture with fetal testes. Epididymal coiling and an increase in DNA content occurred in URs grown in the presence of T plus 390 MSD. By contrast, URs cultured without androgens or with T plus cyproterone acetate failed to undergo epididymal coiling and to increase DNA content. The conversion rate per mg protein of [1 beta, 2 beta-3H]T into [3H]DHT was 0.30-fold lower in 15.5 day URs cultured over a 4-day period in comparison to urogenital sinuses whose development is known to be dependent upon DHT. These data suggest that T is an important hormone in the development of the upper portion of WDs, although it is not possible to exclude a role for DHT in the development of the epididymis.

Androgens↗
PubMed1991

Morphogenetic and proliferative effects of testosterone and insulin on the neonatal mouse seminal vesicle in vitro.

Effects of testosterone (T) and insulin on epithelial branching morphogenesis were investigated in cultured seminal vesicles (SVs) of neonatal mice. SVs from 0-day-old male mice were cultured for 0.5-6 days in serum-free chemically defined medium in the presence of T (10(-7) M), insulin (10 micrograms/ml), or T plus insulin or in medium lacking both hormones. Without the addition of both hormones, SVs failed to grow, based on DNA and protein contents, and did not show any epithelial branching morphogenesis. T induced a 2.5-fold increase in protein content in SVs cultured for 6 days and elicited modest epithelial branching morphogenesis. Insulin increased the protein content of cultured SV rudiments as much as T, but failed to elicit epithelial branching morphogenesis. The combination of both hormones induced a 4.3-fold increase in protein content in cultured SVs and elicited more extensive epithelial branching morphogenesis than T alone. Epithelial and mesenchymal DNA contents in SVs declined slightly during the first 12 h of culture in all treatment groups. The epithelial DNA content in SVs grown with insulin alone remained constant thereafter, while that of SVs grown with T alone or in combination with insulin increased 1.2- and 2.6-fold, respectively. In the absence of both hormones, the mesenchymal DNA content remained constant in SVs grown for 6 days after the initial decline in DNA content. In contrast, mesenchymal DNA content was increased to the same degree (1.4-fold) by either T or insulin alone or in combination. The labeling index with [3H]thymidine of SV epithelium and mesenchyme grown under the hormonal conditions described above corroborated the results of epithelial and mesenchymal DNA contents. These data indicate that insulin by itself has no effect on epithelial proliferation and branching morphogenesis in the neonatal mouse SV, but, instead, amplifies the morphogenetic and proliferative effects of androgen on the developing mouse SV, thus eliciting extensive branching morphogenesis. Both insulin and T have a slight (nonsynergistic) effect on proliferation of SV mesenchyme. Analysis of androgen metabolism in developing mouse SVs indicated that dihydrotestosterone was the major product when T was used as substrate in SVs grown under all hormonal conditions. The rate of DHT production per 100 mg protein was not significantly different among the different treatment groups. Higher levels of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol were detected in SVs grown in the absence vs. the presence of T regardless of the presence or absence of insulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Loss of amplified genes by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors.

A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, benzamide (BA), was found to induce flat revertants of NIH 3T3 cells that had been transformed by human Ha-ras, rat Ki-ras, rat c-raf, and human ret-II. These genes had been amplified in original transformants, but they were completely eliminated by BA. Contrary to this, endogenous activated Ha-ras in a human bladder carcinoma cell line, T24, was not eliminated by BA. The gene loss seemed to be restricted to exogenous and/or amplified sequences. BA also eliminated the amplified c-myc gene in HL-60 cells, concomitant with differentiation into granulocytes. We demonstrated that the amplified c-myc gene was not present as episomes. It is probably present as double minutes or a homogeneously staining region. Dimethylsulfoxide also induced differentiation at a concentration that did not inhibit poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The cell lost the c-myc gene in association with this differentiation. The amplified c-myc gene in a colon adenocarcinoma cell line, COLO 320HSR, and the amplified mdr-1 gene in an adriamycin-resistant myelogenous leukemia cell line, K562/ADM, were not eliminated by BA. Various poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors also eliminated human Ha-ras in the NIH 3T3 transformant and the c-myc gene in HL-60 cells.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1991

A case of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

A 63-year-old housewife with a history of partial thyroidectomy was referred to our hospital because of a neck mass and abdominal tumor. Aspiration biopsy of the neck tumor revealed the recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen and urinary and plasma catecholamine levels indicated that the tumor beside the abdominal aorta was an extraadrenal pheochromocytoma. Two tumors were excised and histologic studies confirmed the diagnosis. So far two cases of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma with papillary thyroid carcinoma have been reported. The present case indicates that the presence of papillary thyroid carcinoma should be considered in patients with extraadrenal pheochromocytoma.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[Congenital lower urinary tract obstruction and enuresis in children].

We reviewed enuretic children among patients with congenital lower urinary tract obstructions experienced in the Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine during 16 years from 1974 to 1989. Among 612 patients with congenital lower urinary tract obstructions, 139 (22.7%) had enuresis nocturna and/or diurna. The incidence of enuresis was 24.7% with posterior urethral valve (77 cases), 50.0% with anterior urethral valve (6 cases), 23.8% with congenital bulbar urethral stenosis in boys (303 cases) and 19.9% with congenital distal urethral stenosis in girls (226 cases). Diurnal enuresis was more common in enuresis associated with congenital lower urinary tract obstructions than in usual enuresis. In urodynamic examinations, more than half of enuretic children with congenital lower urinary obstructions showed hyperactive detrusor activity. Treatment of congenital lower urinary tract obstructions through operation resulted in cure or amelioration of enuresis in about 80% of the patients. Enuresis associated with lower urinary tract obstruction or neurogenic bladder is sometimes called complicated enuresis and it is an important role of a urologist to differentiate complicated enuresis from simple enuresis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of 300 patients with bladder cancer].

From September 1973 to September 1989, 300 patients with bladder cancer were treated at the Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine. They were 231 males and 69 females with an average age of 65.3 years old. The overall 5-year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier's method) was 64.7%. The 5-year survival rates were not different between male patients and female patients, or between patients with single tumor and patients with multiple tumors. Patients with vesical irritation symptoms had more unfavorable prognosis than patients with painless hematuria. Size and configuration of the tumors also affected the prognosis. Histological diagnosis was transitional cell carcinoma in 291 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 7 patients, adenocarcinoma in one patient and undifferentiated carcinoma in one patient. In patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the 5-year survival rates according to histological grades were 93.5% for G1, 77.8% for G2 and 31.6% for G3. The 5-year survival rate according to clinical stage was 94.4% for Ta, 79.7% for T1, 66.7% for Tis, 46.1% for T2, 38.5% for T3 and 26.6% for T4. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-b.t.) was performed in 208 patients as an initial operation and the 5-year survival rate in these patients was 78.6%. The 5-year survival rates for total cystectomy (52 patients), partial cystectomy (6 patients) and simple tumor resection (4 patients) were 51.9%, 25.0% and 37.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that superficial tumors (Ta, T1) can be controlled with TUR-b.t. but infiltrating tumors (T2, T3, T4) should be treated more vigorously with multidisciplinary approaches.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Protein phosphatases possibly involved in rat spermatogenesis.

The expression of mRNAs for catalytic subunits of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 (PP-1) and 2A (PP-2A) in various rat tissues were examined. Four kinds of probes were used to detect mRNAs for two isotypes of PP-1 (dis2m1 and dis2m2), and two isotypes of PP-2A (PP-2A alpha and PP-2A beta). mRNAs for all of these four catalytic subunits were expressed in almost all tissues at substantial levels. They were expressed in two different sizes in most tissues. Remarkable evidence is that the smaller sized mRNAs of dis2m1 and PP-2A beta, 1.8 kb and 1.4 kb in length, respectively, were specifically highly expressed in testis. Both these smaller sized mRNAs began to be expressed at the age when meiosis started and were detected in testicular germ cells at the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase. Protein phosphatases which have peptides encoded by dis2m1 and PP-2A beta as catalytic subunits may play important roles in spermatogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Production of shorter mRNA for protein phosphatase 2A beta by alternative poly(A) addition.

Two types of cDNA clones of protein phosphatase 2A beta, PP-2A beta L and PP-2A beta S, were isolated from a rat testis cDNA library. PP-2A beta L was 1.8 kb in length and corresponded to the 2.0 kb mRNA that is the major species expressed in somatic tissues. PP-2A beta S was 1.3 kb in length and corresponded to the 1.4 kb mRNA that is the major species expressed in germ cells of the testis. Nucleotide sequencing of these two clones revealed that their open reading frames were identical. The only difference between these two cDNAs was at the 3' non-coding region due to alternative poly(A) addition: the 1.8 kb cDNA had a consensus poly(A) addition signal, AATAAA, but the 1.3 kb cDNA had an unusual poly(A) addition signal, probably with the sequence AATATA. These data suggest that in germ cells there may be some mechanism that utilizes the specific poly(A) addition signal.

Animals↗