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Biomedical subjects

H Shibata

Publications and source records attributed to H Shibata.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Phorbol ester inhibits angiotensin-induced activation of phospholipase C in adrenal glomerulosa cells. Its implication in the sustained action of angiotensin.

The present study was undertaken to determine whether an agonist-induced activation of C-kinase leads to an inhibition of phospholipase C in adrenal glomerulosa cells. When cells are treated with 100 nM-TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate), subsequent angiotensin ('angiotensin II')-induced aldosterone secretion is greatly inhibited. Treatment with TPA completely inhibits the angiotensin-induced increase in both inositol trisphosphate and the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. The dose-response curve for TPA-induced inhibition reveals that quite a high concentration of TPA is necessary to block angiotensin action compared with that needed to stimulate aldosterone secretion. 1-Oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol has a weak inhibitory effect, whereas neither 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate or 4 beta-phorbol inhibits angiotensin action. When the time course of changes in inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol is measured, angiotensin action is sustained for up to 30 min. In addition, 100 nM-TPA added after 20 min of angiotensin addition attenuates production of both inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These results suggest that high dose of TPA inhibits angiotensin-induced activation of phospholipase C by acting, at least partly, on C-kinase, but that an inhibitory effect of TPA may be a pharmacological effect with little physiological significance in this system.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1986

Afferent projections to the interpeduncular nucleus in the rat, as studied by retrograde and anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase.

We examined the afferent projections to the subnuclei of the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) in the rat by means of retrograde and anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). We observed locations of retrogradely labeled cells following injections of WGA-HRP into the IPN, and distributions of anterogradely labeled fibers and terminals within the IPN following injections into the areas that contain cells of origin of afferents. Results of the retrograde and anterograde experiments have clarified the detailed organization of the IPN afferents. A part of the nucleus incertus, located dorsomedial to the dorsal tegmental nucleus, projects to the contralateral half of the rostral subnucleus of the IPN; the pars caudalis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus projects sparsely to the rostral lateral, dorsal lateral, lateral, caudal, and apical subnuclei predominantly contralaterally; the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, to most of the subnuclei predominantly contralaterally; the ventromedial central gray rostral to the dorsal tegmental nucleus and lateral to the dorsal raphe nucleus projects to the rostral lateral and dorsal lateral subnuclei predominantly contralaterally; the median raphe nucleus, substantially to all subnuclei; the medial habenular nucleus, in a topographic manner, to the rostral, central, and intermediate subnuclei, to the rostral lateral and lateral subnuclei predominantly ipsilaterally, and to the dorsal lateral subnucleus predominantly contralaterally; the supramammillary nucleus and areas around the origin of the mammillothalamic tract and near the third ventricle project sparsely to the ventral part of the rostral subnucleus and to the central, lateral, caudal and apical subnuclei; the nucleus of the diagonal band, sparsely to the rostral, central, dorsal lateral, caudal, and apical subnuclei. These differential projections of the afferents to the subnuclei of the IPN may reflect its complex functions within the limbic midbrain circuit.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1986

Somatotopic organization of motoneurons innervating the pronators, carpal and digital flexors and forepaw muscles in the dog: a retrograde horseradish peroxidase study.

Central distribution of motor neurons innervating the individual forearm and forepaw muscle through the median and ulnar nerves was studied in the dog using the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. All HRP-labeled cells were seen ipsilaterally in restricted parts within the dorsolateral (DL) and retrodorsolateral nucleus (rDL) of the ventral horn at levels from the cranial tip of C7 to the cranial third of T2. The results showed that motoneurons situated more cranially supply the more proximal muscles and those situated more caudally supply the more distal ones, and that the pronator motoneurons occupy longitudinally the central part of the DL; the carpal flexor motoneurons, the medial part of the DL; the digital flexor motoneurons, the dorsal central part of the DL and the lateral fourth of the rDL; and the forepaw muscle motoneurons, the medial three-fourths of the rDL. These somatotopic arrangements of each motor pool could be correlated with the location and action of the muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Randomized controlled study of chemoimmunotherapy of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in adults with Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton and irradiated allogeneic AML cells.

The effect of immunotherapy with Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N-CWS) on remission duration and survival of adults with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) was studied in a prospective randomized controlled study. After having been induced into complete remission and having been consolidated, 73 patients were randomized either to maintenance chemotherapy or maintenance chemotherapy plus immunotherapy with N-CWS and irradiated allogeneic AML cells. Thirty-four patients in the chemotherapy group and 32 in the chemoimmunotherapy group were evaluable. Six months after the closure of the study, the immunotherapy showed a borderline beneficial effect on remission duration (P = 0.080) and on survival length (P = 0.098). When the data were analyzed at 30 months after the entry, there was a borderline significant difference in remission duration (P = 0.080) between the two groups, prolonging the 50% remission period by 110 days; but no significant difference in survival length (P = 0.314), although the 50% survival was 168 days longer in the chemoimmunotherapy group. However, there were 4 (18.2%) 5-year relapse-free survivors among 22 patients (11 in each group) who had been diagnosed more than 5 years before the time of the present analysis, and all of them belonged to the chemoimmunotherapy group (P = 0.090). Thus, immunotherapy with N-CWS and irradiated allogeneic AML cells seems to be active in the treatment of adult AML when used for maintenance therapy in combination with chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Diazepam inhibits potassium-induced aldosterone secretion in adrenal glomerulosa cell.

In an attempt to elucidate a possible role of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in adrenal glomerulosa cell, effect of diazepam on potassium-induced aldosterone secretion was studied using isolated bovine adrenal glomerulosa cell. Diazepam inhibited aldosterone secretion stimulated by 8mM potassium in a dose dependent manner. The ID50 was approximately 14 nM. Although diazepam inhibited potassium action effectively, forskolin-induced aldosterone secretion was not affected by diazepam. These results indicate that peripheral benzodiazepine receptor may have an active role in regulating aldosterone secretion. The voltage dependent calcium channel may be a possible site of benzodiazepine action in this tissue.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1986

Inducing effect of feprazone on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in man.

The inducing effect of feprazone, a pyrazolone anti-inflammatory agent, on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes has been studied in healthy volunteers. The ratio of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol (6 beta-OHF) to 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) in urine, used as an indicator of oxidative drug-metabolizing enzyme activity, was increased up to 1.6-times the original level after 5 days of oral treatment with feprazone 300 mg/day. This indicates that feprazone induces hepatic drug-metabolising enzymes in man as does phenylbutazone.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of stapled and handsewn anastomoses in patients undergoing resection for Dukes' B and C colorectal cancer. An analysis of disease-free survival and survival from the NSABP prospective clinical trials.

This study was to assess the effect of stapled colorectal anastomoses on local recurrence, disease-free survival, and survival following curative resection for Dukes' B and C adenocarcinoma. Data were derived from two randomized prospective trials of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project designed to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer. Of 1111 patients with colonic anastomoses, 255 were stapled mechanically. There were no significant differences in disease-free survival, survival, or local tumor recurrence among patients subjected to stapled or handsewn anastomoses. Of the 181 patients undergoing anterior resection for rectal cancer, 82 anastomoses were fashioned with staples. No significant disadvantage in disease-free survival, survival, or local recurrence could be attributed to use of the mechanical stapling devices. Twelve percent of patients undergoing stapled rectal anastomoses developed a local recurrence as a first sign of treatment failure compared with 19 percent for the handsewn group. No significant differences in the length of distal margins were detectable. The average time on study was 41 months. The use of stapled anastomoses for carcinoma of the colon or rectum is not associated with an adverse effect on long-term outcome.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Falls in the institutionalized elderly in Japan.

Falls can be considered a vital factor in impeding successful aging in the elderly. The purpose of the study is to know rates of falls per year among the elderly, to observe the situations when falls occurred, and to clarify the association of falls with physical deterioration. The survey was carried out in 1406 residents aged 65 and over of the Tokyo Metropolitan Home for the Elderly in 1982. The rate of subjects who fell more than once during a one-year period was 14.5%. Females had a higher rate than males. Sixty per cent of all the falls occurred indoors. As for the cause of the falls, extrinsic factors were accounted three times as much as intrinsic factors. Among injuries sustained by the falls, fracture was more frequent in females than in males. Length of time of standing on one leg was shorter for fallers than for non-fallers in both sexes. However, the differences were not significant when age was controlled. Fall is attributed not only to physical factors but also to environmental factors. Therefore, it should be encouraged to design an environment with devices.

Accidents↗
PubMed1986

Prevalence and outcome of low ADL and incontinence among the elderly: five years follow-up in a Japanese urban community.

Activities of daily living (ADL) and state of incontinence in 2,567 elderly community residents aged 65 years and over, living in Koganei City (a suburb of Tokyo) were longitudinally investigated through two mail surveys at the beginning and end of a five-year period. At the entry, only 6% of total subjects were classified as low ADL, 3% as incontinent. 30% of the low ADL were classified as incontinent. While the majority of the high ADL and the non-incontinent subjects maintained their conditions during the 5-year period, 66% of the low ADL, 70% of the incontinent, and 81% of the low ADL accompanied by incontinence died during the 5-year period. These mortality rates in low ADL and/or incontinent subjects were 2 times higher than the age-sex standardized mortality rate in the population investigated.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Memory changes in the Benton Visual Retention Test between ages 70 and 75.

The influences of education and activity on memory of Japanese older adults were investigated. The Benton Visual Retention Test was given to 302 individuals (145 men and 157 women) aged 69 to 71 (average age 70) living in a suburb of Tokyo. Participants were retested 5 years later (average age 75). Memory as evaluated by Benton correct scores declined in both men and women during the 5 years. The influence of the first time Benton score, education, activity, and sex on the second-time Benton score was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The second Benton score was strongly influenced by the initial score. Level of education and activity contributed to memory after 5 years. No difference in the magnitude of memory changes was found between men and women. The first time Benton score by education term showed a weak but negative contribution.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Purification and characterization of proteinase inhibitors from winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) seeds.

Seven proteinase inhibitors were isolated from winged bean seeds by ion-exchange chromatographies. These inhibitors had molecular weights of around 20,000, included four half-cystine residues, and were Kunitz-type inhibitors. Two (WTI-2 and 3) inhibited bovine trypsin strongly and four (WCI-1, 2, 3, and 4) inhibited bovine alpha-chymotrypsin, but in different ways. One mole of WCI-2 or -3 could inhibit 2 mol of alpha-chymotrypsin. The remaining inhibitor (WTCI-1) could bind both bovine trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin at the molar ratio of 1:1, but not simultaneously. All four chymotrypsin inhibitors cross-reacted with rabbit anti-WCI-3 serum, while the other inhibitors did not.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Localization of carbamoylphosphate synthetase and aspartate carbamoyltransferase in chloroplasts.

The localization of carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPSase) and aspartate carbamoyltransferase (ACTase), the first two enzymes of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, in chloroplasts was investigated. In dark-grown radish (Raphanus sativus) seedlings, light induced a prominent increase in CPSase activity, but had little effect on ACTase activity. Both enzymes were found in chloroplasts isolated from radish cotyledons and leaves of spinach (Spinacia oleracea), soybean (Glycine max), and corn (Zea mays). The higher activity of ACTase relative to CPSase is discussed in relation to the instability of carbamoylphosphate, the product of the CPSase, and to the control of pyrimidine synthesis. Based on these results, the function of CPSase and ACTase in chloroplasts is discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Laser Raman spectroscopy of lyophilized bacterial spores.

Laser-excited Raman spectra were examined in lyophilized spores of Bacillus cereus. In a comparison of the spectrum of the dormant spore with that of the germinated spore, we found several Raman bands which occurred in the former but not in the latter. Among these Raman bands, the 1,573, 1,395, 1,017, 822, and 662 cm-1 bands were assigned to the vibrational frequencies of calcium dipicolinate (CaDPA). No Raman bands and peaks due to dipicolinic acid (H2DPA) were observed. This Raman evidence indicates that CaDPA is the predominant DPA species in this spore. We also proposed a tentative assignment for other vibrational frequencies due to several components of the spore.

Bacillus cereus↗