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Biomedical subjects

H Senger

Publications and source records attributed to H Senger.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Neonatal nutrition with enriched human milk. EOPROTIN 60 in comparison with human albumin].

The influence of feeding fresh human milk supplemented either with EOPROTIN (n = 13) or human albumin (n = 15) on biochemical parameters and growth were studied in preterm infants with gestational ages below 32 weeks p.m. up to the 42nd day of postnatal life. In both feeding groups the intakes of protein, energy and electrolytes were similar. The serum concentrations of bile acids, alpha-amino-nitrogen and prealbumin, the renal excretion of total nitrogen, alpha-amino-nitrogen, urea and ammonia as well as the growth in weight and length were studied in all infants. The supplementation of the fresh human milk with EOPROTIN results in significant lower serum concentrations of alpha-amino-nitrogen (1.56 +/- 0.21 vs 2.03 +/- 0.27 mmol/l; p less than 0.01), higher serum concentrations of prealbumin (89.8 +/- 20.3 vs 72.7 +/- 13.3 mg/l; p less than 0.02), and lower urinary excretion of total nitrogen (7.4 +/- 0.9 vs 8.9 +/- 1.1 mmol/kg/day); if compared to the results found in the infants fed human albumin supplemented human milk. The higher nitrogen retention in the EOPROTIN than in the human albumin fed infants was associated by a significant higher growth in weight (16.6 +/- 1.4 vs 13.7 +/- 1.9 g/kg/day; p less than 0.01) as well as in length (1.02 +/- 0.08 vs 0.87 +/- 0.1 cm/week; p less than 0.01). The results indicate that the bioavailability of EOPROTIN is higher than that of human albumin. The observed differences in the nutritional response between the two human milk supplements may be based on differences in the amino acids composition which is in EOPROTIN adapted to the nutritional available part of the protein in human milk.

Albumins↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of fecal bile acids on experimental colon carcinogenesis].

Because of the in a controversial way held discussion on an possibly existing connection between bile acid metabolism and the development of colonic carcinomas experimental researches on this problems were carried out with Wistar rats. Two test series with altogether 130 animals manifested independently from each other the result of a provable connection. During model tests small bowel resections and colon exclusion operations were realized. The carcinoma protection was accomplished by 1.2 dimethylhydrazine administered for 14 weeks in a doses of 20 mg/kg body weight. The carcinoma was proved after a 32-weeks-period. It was shown that in case of shortening the ileum more than in case of reduction of the jejunum on the left-side colon adenocarcinomas develop and the amount of the excreted fecal bile acids is the highest one. In bypassing the left-side section of the colon carcinomas develop also on the left side of the colon. But their number is significantly lower than of those on the right side. The test results indicate a causal connection.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Two Systems for Concentrating CO(2) and Bicarbonate during Photosynthesis by Scenedesmus.

Scenedesmus cells grown on high CO(2), when adapted to air levels of CO(2) for 4 to 6 hours in the light, formed two concentrating processes for dissolved inorganic carbon: one for utilizing CO(2) from medium of pH 5 to 8 and one for bicarbonate accumulation from medium of pH 7 to 11. Similar results were obtained with assays by photosynthetic O(2) evolution or by accumulation of dissolved inorganic carbon inside the cells. The CO(2) pump with K(0.5) for O(2) evolution of less than 5 micromolar CO(2) was similar to that previously studied with other green algae such as Chlamydomonas and was accompanied by plasmalemma carbonic anhydrase formation. The HCO(3) (-) concentrating process between pH 8 to 10 lowered the K(0.5) (DIC) from 7300 micromolar HCO(3) (-) in high CO(2) grown Scenedesmus to 10 micromolar in air-adapted cells. The HCO(3) (-) pump was inhibited by vanadate (K(i) of 150 micromolar), as if it involved an ATPase linked HCO(3) (-) transporter. The CO(2) pump was formed on low CO(2) by high-CO(2) grown cells in growth medium within 4 to 6 hours in the light. The alkaline HCO(3) (-) pump was partially activated on low CO(2) within 2 hours in the light or after 8 hours in the dark. Full activation of the HCO(3) (-) pump at pH 9 had requirements similar to the activation of the CO(2) pump. Air-grown or air-adapted cells at pH 7.2 or 9 accumulated in one minute 1 to 2 millimolar inorganic carbon in the light or 0.44 millimolar in the dark from 150 micromolar in the media, whereas CO(2)-grown cells did not accumulate inorganic carbon. A general scheme for concentrating dissolved inorganic carbon by unicellular green algae utilizes a vanadate-sensitive transporter at the chloroplast envelope for the CO(2) pump and in some algae an additional vanadate-sensitive plasmalemma HCO(3) (-) transporter for a HCO(3) (-) pump.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Influence of postnatal age on nitrogen metabolism in very low birth weight infants appropriate for gestational age.

In 14 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants appropriate for gestational age the absorption and retention of nitrogen and the energy balance were studied on the 8th day and the 6th week of postnatal age. All infants were fed with a human milk formula composed by fresh mother's milk enriched with 6 g freeze-dried human milk/100 ml. The absorption rates of nitrogen and fat increase significantly with postnatal age but even on the 8th day of life they are on high levels (nitrogen absorption: 86.9 +/- 3.2% of intake; fat absorption: 85.7 +/- 4.3% of intake). Despite the higher nitrogen absorption during the 6th week of life the excretion of total nitrogen is lower in comparison to the 8th day of life. Similarly, the percentages of alpha-amino-nitrogen and of ammonium-nitrogen of the total nitrogen excretion in the urine decrease whereas the percentage of urea-nitrogen increases with postnatal age. The results indicate a postnatal development of both the digestive, as well as the metabolic capacity. The postnatal adaptation of the metabolic capacity to utilize nitrogen seems to be the stronger limiting factor for nutrition than the functional capacity of digestion and absorption. Thus, metabolic monitoring is essential for the individual nutrition of VLBW-infants during the first weeks of postnatal life. Urine analysis data are very sensitive for evaluating the metabolic state of these infants.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Postnatal adaptation of lipase- and trypsin-activities in duodenal juice of premature infants appropriate for gestational age.

In 17 very low birth weight and in 13 low birth weight infants appropriate for gestational age the activities of pancreatic lipase and trypsin, the pH value and the concentrations of total bile acids were measured in the preprandially aspirated duodenal juice between the 10th and the 40th day of postnatal life. The activities of both enzymes increased significantly with increasing postnatal age in both study groups but did not correlate with the gestational age between the 28th and 33rd week of gestation. The pH values were on a low but similar level in both study groups (mean for all infants 5.66 +/- 0.07), and there was no influence of the pH value on the activities of either pancreatic enzyme. The concentrations of total bile acids were also not different between the study groups (mean for all infants = 4.55 +/- 2.26 mmol/l) and no correlation could be found between the concentrations of total bile acids and the activities of both measured enzymes. The data suggest that the intrauterine development of the exocrine pancreas reaches a basal level by the 28th week of gestation and remains on this level up to the 33rd week of gestation. After birth there is a significant increase in enzyme activities for both studied enzymes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

Metabolic differences between AGA-and SGA-infants of very low birthweight. III. Influence of postnatal age.

Seven very low birthweight (VLBW) infants, small for gestational age (SGA), with moderate intrauterine growth retardation and 7 VLBW-infants, appropriate for gestational age (AGA), fed breast milk fortified with 6 g freeze-dried human milk per 100 ml were studied on the 8th, 21st and 42nd days of life. The protein intake on the study days varied between 2.68 and 3.61 g/kg/day in the SGA-and 2.69 and 3.75 g/kg/day in the AGA-infants. Serum concentrations of total bile acids (BA) and the renal excretion of total nitrogen (TN) as well as alpha-amino-nitrogen (AAN) were measured in all infants on each study day. On the 8th day of life a mean protein intake of 3.2 g/kg/day resulted in higher serum concentrations of BA as well as in a higher renal excretion of TN and AAN in the SGA-infants when compared to the AGA-infants. On the 21st day of life these differences were smaller and only the serum concentration of BA and the renal excretion of AAN were still significantly higher in the SGA-infants. On the 42nd day of life only serum concentrations of total BA were elevated in the SGA-infants when compared to that in the AGA-infants. The observed metabolic differences between moderately SGA-and AGA-infants related to protein and bile acid metabolism diminished during the first weeks of life. The present data suggest that when nutritional management of VLBW-infants is planned, differences in metabolic capacities must be considered and protein intake should be increased with caution and in accordance to the individual metabolic situation of the infants during the first weeks of life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Consequences of the composition of breast milk for the nutrition of underweight newborn infants. II. Lipids and lactose].

The concentrations of fat, lactose and protein were measured in the 24 hour pooled breast milk of 37 mothers delivering preterm (PTM) and of 19 mothers delivering term (TM) from the second to the eighth postnatal day and in addition in the PTM from the third week of lactation. During the 4th week of life the nitrogen retention, the fat absorption rate as well as the energy balance were estimated in 21 very low birth weight infants appropriate for gestational age fed either native PTM (n = 11) or by heating procedures sterilized PTM (n = 10). The concentrations of fat and lactose increase within in the first week of lactation. The concentrations of fat are higher in the PTM during the first 3 days of lactation which results in a higher energy density of PTM during the first days of lactation. At the end of the first week of lactation there are no differences in the energy density between PTM and TM. The fat absorption rate was significantly lower in the infants fed sterilized PTM than in the infants fed native PTM (70.5 +/- 8.4 vs 86.3 +/- 7.4 p.c.). Thus, an energy intake of (70.5 to 8.4 vs 86.3 +/- 7.4 p.c.). Thus, an energy intake of 120-130 kcal/kg.d or an energy absorption of more than 100 kcal/kg.d; respectively, is possible by feeding native PTM as well as TM when feeding volumes of more than 180 ml/kg.d are tolerated. When sterilized breast milk is used or the feeding volume is below 160 ml/kg.d an energy supplementation of the milk is necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1988

Metabolic differences between AGA- and SGA-infants of very low birthweight. I. Relationship to intrauterine growth retardation.

Metabolic response to human milk feeding was studied in 12 appropriate (AGA) and 12 small for gestational age (SGA) infants of very low birthweight (VLBW) on the eighth day of life. Protein intake ranged from 1.98 to 2.47 g/kg/day and caloric intake from 94 to 126 kcal/kg/day with no significant differences between the groups. Alpha-amino-nitrogen, the total bile acid concentration in serum and total- as well as alpha-amino-nitrogen excretion in the urine were estimated. The alpha-amino-nitrogen and the total bile acid concentration in serum increased with increasing degree of intrauterine growth retardation. Also renal total- and alpha-amino-nitrogen excretion increased significantly in relation to the degree of intrauterine growth retardation. Thus, despite a relatively low protein intake in severely growth retarded VLBW-infants, metabolic changes could be found similar to those observed in AGA-infants on high protein intakes. The data suggest that during the first weeks of postnatal life VLBW-infants with intrauterine growth retardation have a decreased capacity to utilize or to metabolize protein when compared to AGA-infants with comparable birthweights. These metabolic differences have to be considered in the nutritional management of VLBW-infants.

Dietary Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Metabolic differences between AGA- and SGA-infants of very low birthweight. II. Relationship to protein intake.

The metabolic response to different levels of human milk protein intake was studied in 23 appropriate (AGA) and 19 small for gestational age (SGA) infants of very low birthweight (VLBW) on the eighth day of life. The infants received from birth, either fresh preterm human milk or human milk fortified with lyophilized human milk (6 g per 100 ml). Thus, the protein intake ranged from 1.98 to 3.28 g/kg/d in the AGA- and from 1.94 to 3.34 g/kg/d in the SGA-infants. Alpha-amino-nitrogen and bile acid concentrations in serum and total- as well as alpha-amino-nitrogen excretion in the urine were measured. When the protein intake was less than 2.5 g/kg/d no differences between the groups could be found in any of the parameters directly related to nitrogen metabolism, but a significantly higher concentration of bile acids in serum was found in the SGA-infants. On protein intakes of more than 2.5 g/kg/d the SGA-infants responded with higher alpha-amino-nitrogen as well as total bile acids concentrations in the serum and also with higher excretions of total- as well as alpha-amino-nitrogen in the urine when compared to the AGA-infants. The differences between the groups became more pronounced with an increasing protein intake. The data suggest that on the eighth day of life SGA-infants are more sensitive to an excessive protein intake than AGA-infants. Hepatocellular dysfunctions as a result of intrauterine growth retardation seems to be an important factor in this special metabolic situation. Bile acid concentration in the serum can be used as a good marker to detect this. The observed differences in the metabolic capacity to handle protein between AGA- and SGA-infants on the eighth day of life have to be considered in the nutritional management of VLBW-infants.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1987

Improvements of metabolic imbalances after enteral sodium bicarbonate supplementation in infants of very low birth weight (VLBW).

One of the main points of clinical care is the catch-up growth of VLBW infants especially those of small gestational age (SGA). The required high amounts of protein are often not tolerated [1]. Metabolic imbalances due to immaturities of protein metabolism are described [2, 3] also in infants SGA feeding amounts of proteins comparable to mature newborns [4]. Remarkable signs of overloading by proteins are the elevation of amino acid and the bile acid concentrations in the serum [3, 5, 6]. In some of those cases [7] late metabolic acidosis (LMA) is to be seen. There is evidence in the literature that sodium bicarbonate influences nitrogen [8] and ionic balances [9] in newborn animals without any signs of acidosis, besides its simple buffer function. The aim of this study was to control changes of metabolic imbalances after bicarbonate supplementation before development of acidosis in predisposed infants. Therefore we determined parameters, which were significantly changed with LMA [6] during two feeding schedules: firstly, during bolus supplementation in infants feeding (2.0 +/- 0.4) g/kg BW.d protein and secondly during chronic supplementation of bicarbonate to (3.0 +/- 0.4) g/kg BW.d protein. In relation to the improvement of the nitrogen balance in growing lambs [7] we supposed comparable effect of bicarbonate on metabolic imbalances caused by protein overloading.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1987

Cholestasis in late metabolic acidosis of prematurely born infants.

Serum concentrations of bile acids and tyrosine were determined in 14 premature infants with late metabolic acidosis and in 13 comparable controls without acidosis (protein intake 2 g/kg X d). At the same time the bile acids and the catalytic activity concentrations of lipase and trypsin were estimated in the duodenal juice. The daily faecal excretion and the percentage of fat eliminated were measured. In 8 patients with late metabolic acidosis the duodenal studies were repeated one week after late metabolic acidosis. Infants with late metabolic acidosis showed significantly higher concentrations of bile acids and tyrosine in the serum than the controls (p less than 0.0005). In the duodenal juice the activities of lipase and trypsin and the concentration of bile acids--especially of dihydroxy bile acids--were decreased (p less than 0.001). The faecal excretion during late metabolic acidosis was significantly increased, with high percentage of fat. Eight days after late metabolic acidosis all duodenal parameters equalled the range of the control group. The relations between acidosis, cholestasis, and amino acid transport to the liver are discussed.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1987

The application of redissolved human milk lyophilisate for nutrition of very low birth weight infants.

In the second month of life the nitrogen and fat balances were studied in 21 very low birth weight infants fed with native human milk or redissolved human milk lyophilizate. Caused by fat losses during the lyophilization procedure and decreased fat absorption rate as consequence of heating of the milk before lyophilization, the available energy is significantly lower in infants fed with redissolved human milk lyophilizate than in those fed with native human milk. The reduced energy intake leads to a decreased protein utilization, as well as to a poor weight gain. In addition, hyperaminoacidaemia and hyperaminoaciduria appear in these infants. Thus, supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides must be recommended if redissolved human milk lyophilizate is used for feeding very low birth weight infants.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1986

[Mycoplasma etiology of acute pancreatitis].

In a 10 year-old girl the clinical and laboratory findings led to the diagnosis of pancreatitis. At the same time an infection by mycoplasma pneumoniae was serologically stated. Since there could not be found another cause for pancreatitis, a relation between pancreatitis and infection by mycoplasms is very probable.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Evidence for amino acid induced cholestasis in very-low-birth-weight infants with increasing enteral protein intake.

In the present investigation 32 very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants fed at three different levels of protein intake (2.92 g/kg/d from human milk, 3.22 and 4.06 g/kg/d from formula) were studied at the mean age of 21 days. Serum total alpha-amino nitrogen concentration correlated directly to total bile acid concentration. The serum and urine alpha-amino nitrogen and the serum bile acid concentration correlated with protein intake. The increase in protein intake was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the intraluminal bile acid concentration in the AGA infants. The results offer indirect evidence of decreased bile flow in VLBW-infants on excessive oral protein intake. The cholestatic effect could be mediated by an increase in the plasma amino acid concentration.

Amino Acids↗