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Biomedical subjects

H Schramm

Publications and source records attributed to H Schramm.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Intraoperative peroral endoscopy and vague sources of bleeding in the jejuno-ileum].

Although bleedings in the part of the jejunoileum only amount to about 1% of bleedings of the whole gastrointestinal tract, they can raise outstanding problems because of the difficulties in discovering the sources of bleeding and their localization. The importance of intraoperative endoscopy will be emphasized by example of 5 patients who suffered from recurrent bleedings. All of the other diagnostic procedures like x-ray examinations (angiography included), endoscopy and scintigraphy were fruitless.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

cis- and trans-1,2-diphenylaziridines: induction of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver and mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium.

trans-Stilbene imine (trans-1,2-diphenylaziridine) is the nitrogen analog of trans-stilbene oxide, a potent inducer of several microsomal and cytosolic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Although the acute toxicity of cis- and trans-stilbene imines prevents their application at the usual dose for trans-stilbene oxide (400 mg/kg/day), it is apparent that the imines nevertheless potently induce several xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. The IP administration of trans-stilbene imine resulted in statistically significant increases in the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase, microsomal epoxide hydrolase, glutathione transferase (toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene and delta 5-androstene-3,17-dione) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (toward testosterone). cis-Stilbene imine was less potent in inducing these activities. Although trans-stilbene imine (total dose = 400 mg/kg) was more potent than trans-stilbene oxide (total dose = 1200 mg/kg) in inducing the activities of glutathione transferase (toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (toward testosterone), both compounds belong to the class of substances which are more potent inducers of conjugating (phase II) enzymes. Because of their structural similarity with K-region arene imines which are potent mutagens, cis-stilbene imine and trans-stilbene imine were investigated for mutagenicity (reversion of his- strains of Salmonella typhimurium). cis-Stilbene imine and trans-stilbene imine were direct mutagens in the strain TA100. This result, and the finding that acenaphthene 1,2-imine efficiently reverts various strains of Salmonella typhimurium, demonstrates that not only K-region arene imines, but also other aziridines substituted at the two carbons with aromatic moieties, are mutagenic.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Differential regulation of hepatic glutathione transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the rat.

The effects of the xenobiotics, i.e. butylated hydroxytoluene, beta-naphthoflavone, isosafrole, pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile, trans-stilbene oxide, 3-methylcholanthrene, phenobarbital, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, on rat liver cytosolic glutathione transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities have been investigated. Although the glutathione transferase isozymes (measured by the specific substrates ethacrynic acid and delta 5-androstene-3,17-dione) which have been shown to possess peroxidase activity were significantly increased, little or no increase in peroxidase activity (toward cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide or hydrogen peroxide) was observed. Likewise during a 16-day time course following the administration of Aroclor 1254 or fireMaster BP-6 (each 500 mg/kg, i.p.), potent induction of glutathione transferase activities was seen without any significant increases in peroxidase activities. In fact during the second week of the time course, there were significant decreases in selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity (toward hydrogen peroxide). The inverse regulation of these activities, i.e. the depression of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity following sustained induction of glutathione transferases, may have direct implications for the toxicity of the polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Incorporation of [14C]glucose into alpha-1,4 bonds of glycogen by leukocytes and fibroblasts of patients with type III glycogen storage disease.

In two patients assay of alpha-1,6-amyloglucosidase activity by incorporation of [14C]glucose into glycogen revealed normal activity in leukocytes, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts, whereas no activity was detected in liver and muscle. No activity in any tissue was found when enzyme activity was assayed by following the release of glucose from a phosphorylase limit dextrin. Labeling of glycogen by incubation with crude tissue homogenates according to the protocol used for the [14C]glucose method and subsequent degradation of the outer portion of the polysaccharide molecule with beta-amylase showed that with tissues from normal controls more than 90% of the label of the glycogen was retained in the limit dextrin. When fibroblasts or leukocytes of the patients served as enzyme source up to 80% of the label was released after incubation with beta-amylase or phosphorylase a. Addition of Tris to the assay inhibited enzyme activity in fibroblast homogenates of the patients and of controls to the same extent and had no effect on the distribution of the label between supernatant and limit dextrin after beta-amylolysis of the labeled glycogen. A pH curve performed with fibroblast preparations from the patients and a normal control did not reveal differences in the effect of changes in pH on [14C]glucose incorporation. We propose that incorporation of [14C]glucose into glycogen by the enzyme present in the patients' cells was into alpha-1,4 linkages in glycogen.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1985

[Acute mucosal damage of the stomach of the Wistar rat and its prevention with the drug combination droperidol/atropine--an animal experiment study].

The employment of the alpha receptor blocking Droperidol with and without combination of atropine for prophylaxis of the acute mucosal damage of the stomach was investigated in the experimental animal Wistar rat. The immobilisation stress in the stress roll was chosen as stress model. The animals get an infusion programme by a central venous catheter. The stomachs were searched for macroscopic mucosal changes after an immobilisation period of 6 hours. The results were certained statistically. The acute mucosal damage in the rat stomach could be prevented in 100% (p 0.05) by means of the drug combination Droperidol/atropine (IV).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Bronchobiliary fistula as sequela of the stenosis of hepaticojejunostomy].

This is a case report on a bronchobiliar fistula after frequent recurrences of cholangites following an occlusion of a hepaticojejunostoma. Sufficient drainage and correction of the stenosis as well as balancing of water and electrolyte metabolism were without any therapeutic success. The patient died in consequence of an acute liver dystrophy.

Biliary Fistula↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of blood-sugar levels on the development of stress ulcers in the rat].

The influence of the blood glucose level on the stress ulcer rat was investigated in the immobilised rat. The increase of the blood glucose was produced by injecting a 40 per cent glucose solution by means of a central venous catheter. A reduced secretion of the gastric acid and a reduced frequency of ulcers were observed with increased blood glucose.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Problems of circulation in and after selective proximal vagotomy].

After vagotomy the perfusion of the stomach may be reduced. Therefore vagotomy is contraindicated in preoperative disturbances of the perfusion following arteriosclerosis (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, old age) or an operation in the upper abdomen (e.g. splenectomy). Attention should be paid to perfusion in the cases of surgical events in the upper abdomen after vagotomy (e.g. splenectomy, hemigastrectomy, pancreatectomy). In the necrosis of the minor curve after highly selective vagotomy the hemigastrectomy is better then a suture only.

Duodenal Ulcer↗