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Biomedical subjects

H Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to H Schmidt.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Serodiagnosis of Crohn's disease].

Three serological tests, recommended as being of diagnostic value for Crohn's disease, were evaluated in 39 patients with Crohn's disease and--as controls--in 27 patients with ulcerative colitis, 45 healthy persons and 65 patients with inflammatory diseases other than Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. The tests were the determination of (1) serum antibodies to pseudomonas-like organisms (PLO) by means of indirect immunofluorescence; (2) agglutinating serum antibodies to 4 strains of anaerobic gram-positive coccoid rods (species of Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus and Coprococcus); and (3) serum antibodies to perinuclear antigens in buccal mucosa of Crohn's disease patients by immunofluorescence. The results indicate that the occurrence of high-titer antibodies to PLO is reasonably sensitive for Crohn's disease, but has a low specificity, and that antibodies to perinuclear antigens in buccal mucosa have both low sensitivity and specificity. However, the occurrence of agglutinins to 4 strains of anaerobic grampositive coccoid rods is significantly higher in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis, patients with other diseases and healthy controls. Thus the determination of these agglutinins does not discriminate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis; but it is a serodiagnostic adjunct in the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1983

Distribution of acetylcholine-sensitivity in frog slow muscle fibres.

The distribution of acetylcholine-sensitive membrane areas in slow muscle fibres of pyriformis muscles of Rana temporaria was examined by iontophoretic application of acetylcholine from high resistance pipettes. ACh-sensitivity varied considerably along individual slow fibres and from fibre to fibre. In some fibres the sensitivity was restricted to segments of less than 100 microns, in others it was continuous over several millimeter. Segments of variable length, but up to several millimeter, were completely insensitive to acetylcholine. Highly sensitive spots (greater than 1,000 mV/nC) were found occasionally, their diameter being of the order of 10-20 microns only. The occurrence at rather regular intervals of ACh-sensitive areas was a rare observation; no evidence was found for a generalized ACh-sensitivity. There were marked differences in the lengths of ACh-sensitive segments between surface fibres and fibres located in deeper layers of the muscles. It is concluded that the ACh-sensitive membrane areas correspond to individual nerve muscle contacts of the small motor system whose spatial distribution is extremely variable. In superficial slow fibres the synaptic contacts seem to be located predominantly on the internal circumference of the fibres.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

[Acute liver failure in abdominal Wilson's disease in early adulthood].

The acute abdominal form of Wilsons's disease was observed in three female patients aged 17, 18 and 30 years. Clinically uncharacteristic general symptoms and jaundice were dominant. Chemical pathology showed high bilirubin values with predominance of direct bilirubin, signs of hepatic and renal insufficiency and haemolytic anaemia. There were no neurologic symptoms and the Kayser-Fleischer ring was absent. Coeruloplasmin in blood was normal, copper concentration in blood and urine was clearly increased. Diagnosis of Wilsons's disease could only be established at post mortem by quantitative copper estimation in liver tissue. The patients succumbed 1--4 weeks after onset of symptoms through hepatic failure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

On the ultrastructure of the gastric "borderline lesion".

The "borderline lesion" of the stomach (severe dysplasia of the protruded type) is nowadays considered to be a true precancerous lesion. Histologically, this lesion is characterized by a proliferation in the area of the glandular neck, combined with severe cellular atypia. Investigation by means of transmission electron microscopy reveals the structure of these cells to be very similar to the structure of cells of an intestinal-cell-type carcinoma of the stomach. In addition to signs for a loss of differentiation of the cells, such as the absence of rough-surfaced endoplasmatic reticulum, mucin granules, and of the polarity of the cells, remarkably frequently luminal bulges and "blebs" developed to various extents can be detected. Morphometric analysis is delineating the tendency of structural features of the borderline lesion to develop toward the gastric cancer cell. These irregularities might be expressions of the beginning of expansive growth and signs pointing to differentiation into malignant neoplasia.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1983

The pathogenesis of trypanosomiasis of the CNS. Studies on parasitological and neurohistological findings in trypanosoma rhodesiense infected vervet monkeys.

Parasitological examinations of the cerebrospinal fluid of 20 vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), that had been infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense, revealed that the CSF was regularly infested with trypanosomes in the early phase of the disease, at the earliest on the 13th day, in most of the animals in the 3rd or 4th week, after infection. Follow-up examinations of the CSF during the further course of the disease also regularly proved positive for trypanosomes. Histological studies in the animals that died at a mean of 65 days after infection (range 35 to 107 days) revealed encephalitis in the animal with the longest course of the disease. In all the other animals, meningitis alone was found. This was accompanied by a modified early encephalitic reaction, characterized by lympho-plasma-cellular infiltrates exclusively in the adventitial sheaths of those blood vessels passing into the brain from the leptomeninges affected by inflammatory infiltration. The early encephalitic reaction is interpreted as the morphological manifestation of an infestation of the perivascular spaces (Virchow-Robin spaces) with parasites. It indicates that CSF parasitosis in the early phase represents the point of departure for the encephalitis that develops in the late phase of the disease, and that the encephalitis presumably develops as a result of the migration of the trypanosomes out of the subarachnoid space into the perivascular spaces, and from there into the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

DNA flow cytometric measurements in inflammatory and malignant human gastric lesions.

102 gastroscopically taken biopsy specimens which were normal (n = 28) or showed superficial gastritis (n = 18), chronic atrophic gastritis (n = 18), gastric ulcers (n = 19) and gastric carcinomas (n = 19) were submitted to FCM analysis. Carcinomatous specimens were readily recognized by either ploidy abnormality or significantly raised S- and G2 + M values. Intestinal-type and diffuse carcinomas could not be distinguished by proliferation kinetics, however, diffuse carcinomas showed a higher rate of aneuploidy. Chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcers, though significantly differing from both normal tissue and superficial gastritis, exhibited similar proliferation characteristics. In gastric ulcers, an S-phase proportion of more than 12% was correlated with histological detection of cellular atypias and a proliferative tendency.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects of a cercarial toxin derived from venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus on frog skeletal muscle.

Cercarial toxin, a protein purified from Leiurus quinquestriatus venom and toxic to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, was examined for its effects on frog twitch muscle fibres. In concentrations of 3.4-12 microM the toxin, after a delay of several minutes, produced a slowly developing depolarization of the resting membrane and high frequency miniature endplate potentials associated with spontaneous firing of muscle fibre action potentials and twitching. The action potential duration increased from about 3 to more than 100 msec. In advanced stages of poisoning the amplitude of action potentials decreased while oscillations on the plateau level occurred. Short electrical pulses were followed by repetitive firing of prolonged action potentials, while long stimuli elicited long-lasting action potentials with oscillations on the plateau level. Addition of d-tubocurarine blocked spontaneous sub- and suprathreshold activity. Increasing the Ca concentration of the medium markedly shortened the action potentials and stopped repetitive firing. It is concluded that cercarial toxin interferes with the ionic permeabilities of frog twitch fibres in a way similar to that reported for crude venom or one of its highly toxic fractions in frog nerve.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1983

[Substrate specificity of phenoloxidase (EC 1.14.18.1)].

Using 10 microns thick cryostat-slides of spleen and gut from white rats the following substances (in 2 different concentrations) were tested as substrates for the enzyme phenoloxidase compared with dihydroxyphenylalanine: pyrogallic acid, resorcin, 2.4-dinitrophenol, tyraminhydrochloride, o-cresol, and epinephrine. Only pyrogallic acid and resorcin resulted in positive reaction. Resorcin showed a positive reaction only when the higher concentration is employed. The investigations show clearly that the detectable enzyme in gut, spleen, and oral cavity is a polyphenoloxidase, which occurs consequently not only in granulocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Can the diagnosis "stress incontinence" be reliably made even without urodynamic clarification?].

Anamnestic data and gynaecological findings of 1036 incontinent women without previous incontinence surgery were examined with the aim in mind to safely establish a diagnosis of stress incontinence. The information given by 234 women (initial group), whose answers were recorded on two different questionnaires, were compared with those of 802 women (control group). By one single information, namely, that urine can be retained for more than three hours, it is possible to predict stress incontinence with an accuracy of 85% in 46% of all incontinent women of the starting group. In a sub-group defined by three data (40% of all women) stress incontinence can be assumed with an accuracy of 90%. As a result, the indication for incontinence surgery in 40% of all examined women could be made with an error rate of 10% only, compared with 26% in the starting group.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Simple procedure for the isolation of mouse interferon-beta.

We report a simple procedure for the isolation of a mouse interferon beta (beta IFN) from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells infected with Newcastle disease virus. The procedure consists of four chromatographic steps (two on controlled pore glass, one on CM-Sephadex, and one on phosphocellulose) with stepwise elution. The product purified is a 35-40 kD beta IFN with a specific activity of 10(9) units/mg protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Barrett's esophagus. Comparison of benign and malignant cases.

Using strict criteria for diagnosis, 23 patients having benign Barrett's esophagus, and 20 patients with adenocarcinoma arising in this epithelium have been analyzed. Evidence supports severe gastroesophageal reflux as a cause of Barrett's esophagus. Successful antireflux surgery leads to stabilization and possibly regression of the dysplasia in Barrett's epithelium, and can be followed by squamous epithelial regeneration in some. Antireflux surgery is advocated in all patients with Barrett's esophagus demonstrated to have abnormal reflux regardless of symptoms. The malignant potential of the columnar epithelium is higher in men who smoke, in patients with intestinal-type metaplasia who continue to have severe reflux, and in patients who develop dysplasia. In those with high grade dysplasia, the probability of carcinoma is high and esophagectomy should be seriously considered in the hopes that the pathological stage of the neoplasm is still favorable.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Selected bacterial antibodies in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Agglutinins to four strains of anaerobic gram-positive coccoid rods (species of Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus and Coprococcus) were found in significantly higher frequency in Crohn's disease (CD) than in ulcerative colitis (UC) and in other diseased control subjects and were virtually absent in apparently healthy subjects. When the posterior probability of having CD was calculated on the basis of these agglutination reactions, 64% of patients with CD and 34% of patients with UC but only 10% of diseased controls and none of the healthy controls were regarded as 'probable' or 'definite' cases of CD. However, the posterior probability of CD did not sharply differentiate between CD and UC but indicated chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Factors contributing to the appearance of these agglutinins in CD were also evaluated. The findings would indicate the importance of a damaged intestinal mucosal barrier for the production of these agglutinins, provided the antigens are present in the intestine. No significant differences were observed between the occurrence of antibodies to pseudomonas-like organisms (PLO) in CD and the various control groups. The study could not add further evidence to the hypothesis of a possible aetiopathogenic role of PLO in CD.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗