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Biomedical subjects

H Sarnat

Publications and source records attributed to H Sarnat.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Ultrastructure of the conjunctiva, skin, and gingiva: a case of Sandhoff's disease in a Jewish patient.

Pleomorphic membranous cytoplasmic bodies that indicated glycolipid storage were found in the conjunctiva, skin, and gingiva of a Jewish patient with Sandhoff's disease. The clinical symptoms were typical of GM2 gangliosidosis. Both hexosaminidase A and hexosaminidase B activities were deficient in the leukocytes and serum. Glycosaminoglycan levels in cultured fibroblasts were elevated. Membranous cytoplasmic bodies were observed in high concentrations in a large proportion of the vascular endothelial cells, pericytes, and Schwann cells and to a somewhat lesser extent in the fibrocytes of all tissues studied. Ultrastructural analysis of the conjunctiva, skin, and gingiva as an aid for the diagnosis of Sandhoff's disease is suggested.

Capillaries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital cervical spinal atrophy.

Three children presented at birth with axial hypotonia and symmetrical flaccid paresis limited to the upper extremities, and involving proximal and distal muscle groups. At birth, palmar flexion creases were poorly developed, and the hand muscles were atrophic. These clinical features, the muscle biopsy findings, and the nonprogressive course, suggest a vascular insult to the cervical spinal cord during gestation. The term, congenital cervical spinal atrophy seems most descriptive of these features.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Communication strategies used during pediatric dental treatment: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: Effective verbal communication is essential for successful dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively examine communication techniques used by pediatric postdoctoral students during treatment. The operation of a communication model comprised of three linguistic approaches-permissive, empathic and personal-together with other strategies common to all three, was examined. METHODS: The study group consisted of 24 children (14 boys and 10 girls), 3 to 12 years of age. All four dentists were 2nd year residents in pediatric dentistry. Conversations were taped and analyzed linguistically and statistically. The frequency of use of each approach was tabulated and correlated to the children's reported anxiety, cooperation during treatment, success of treatment, and mood at the end of treatment. RESULTS: All dentists used the three approaches; the permissive approach, which supplied procedural information, was the most frequently used approach. The empathic approach was the least frequently used. Correlation tests showed that the empathic approach was most significantly related to the success of the treatment. Components of the permissive approach that contributed to the success of treatment were sensory information and supplying reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Although generalization is limited because of the small sample, improving verbal conversational skills, emphasizing certain strategies, and improving linguistic abilities will contribute to better communication between child and pediatric dentist and to better cooperation and success in treatment.

Affect↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of instruction and a brushing device on the oral hygiene of blind children.

A brushing device using the tactile ability of blind children was compared to the use of a toothbrush. The experimental group consisted of 18 blind children, 7-14 years old; controls consisted of two groups of sighted classmates of the blind children. All children studied together in an integrated school and were match-paired. The brushing device was made from a valcran strip worn on a fingertip and used for cleaning the tooth surfaces. The experiment was conducted for 36 weeks with alternating periods of reinforcement and non-reinforcement. General oral hygiene improved after instruction and declined after non-reinforcement periods. The performance of the blind children improved with the cleaning device. The device was also helpful in developing a sense of "tooth cleanliness" and could be used as a pre-learning aid to prepare the blind children to efficiently use a toothbrush. Instruction followed by individual supervision and reinforcement will encourage all children to improve their oral hygiene level.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Single maxillary central incisors in the midline.

A single maxillary central incisor in both the primary and the permanent dentition is a rare phenomenon. Attempts to explain the etiology of this condition included "fusion across the midline", "conation" and "double tooth". Three cases are presented with morphologically normal single incisors in the permanent dentition, and evidence of single central incisors in the primary dentition. Agenesis seems to be the preferred etiologic explanation.

Anodontia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Timing of orthodontic tooth movement in a case with traumatized and avulsed anterior teeth.

A traumatic injury to a patient undergoing orthodontic treatment resulted in avulsion, dislodgement, and fracture of upper anterior teeth. Deciding when to institute endodontic treatment and when to resume orthodontic treatment was based upon minimizing the changes for ankyloses and root resorption. Endodontic treatment was carried out two weeks after trauma, and orthodontic treatment continued three weeks after trauma. Radiographs taken six months, one year, and two years after orthodontic completion showed progressive root resorption to the avulsed tooth and minimum root resorption to the remaining anterior teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The dental status of children with chronic renal failure.

We evaluated the dental status of thirty children with chronic renal failure (CRF): 15 managed conservatively, 9 on dialysis replacement therapy and 6 after kidney transplant. Dental age was delayed, but to a lesser extent than bone age; this delay was most marked where CRF occurred before 7 years of age. Eruption age was only minimally delayed. Eighteen patients (60%) showed enamel defects, mainly hypoplasia, the location of which was related to the age at which major metabolic changes of uremia appeared. In 9 children (30%) there was intrinsic discoloration of the teeth--this was also related to the severity and duration of CRF. Compared to normal Israeli children our patients showed poor oral hygiene and gingival condition, but a significantly lower prevalence of caries. Seven patients (23%) showed mild radiologic changes in the jawbones (mainly loss of lamina dura), the severity of which was related to the severity and duration of CRF. None of the above findings could be related to specific metabolic disturbances.

Adolescent↗